KSTAR
Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research | |
---|---|
MW | |
Plasma current | 2 MA |
History | |
Date(s) of construction | 14 September 2007 |
Year(s) of operation | 2008–present |
The KSTAR (or Korea
East Asian financial crisis, which weakened the South Korean economy considerably; however, the project's construction phase was completed on September 14, 2007. The first plasma was achieved in June 2008.[2][3]
Description
KSTAR is one of the first research tokamaks in the world to feature fully superconducting magnets, which again will be of great relevance to
deuterium-tritium mix which will be studied in ITER
.
Plasma confinement
Beginning in December 2016, KSTAR would repeatedly hold the world record (longest high-confinement mode) by confining and maintaining a hydrogen plasma at a higher temperature and for a longer time than any other reactor. While KSTAR focuses on central ion plasma temperature, EAST focuses on electron plasma temperature.[4]
- December 2016, KSTAR claims record by containing a plasma at 50 million degrees Celsius for 70 seconds.[5][6]
- July 2017, China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) (101.2 seconds) claims record by containing a plasma for 100 seconds.[7]
- December 2020, KSTAR reclaimed the record by containing a plasma of 100 million degrees for 20 seconds.[8]
- May 2021, China's EAST reclaimed the record by containing a plasma of 120 million degrees for 100 seconds.[9]
Timeline
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
The design was based on Tokamak Physics Experiment, which was based on Compact Ignition Tokamak design – See Robert J. Goldston.
- 1995 – Started Project KSTAR
- 1997 – JET of EU emits 17 MW energy from itself.
- 1998 – JT-60Uwent beyond energy junction successfully and acknowledged the possibility of commercialization of nuclear fusion.
- 2006 – Life span of three Fusion Reactors (JT-60U, JET, and DIII-D) are terminated.
- 2007, September – KSTAR's major devices are constructed.
- 2008, July – First plasma occurred. Maintenance time: 0.865 seconds, Temperature: 2×106 K
- 2009 – Maintained 320,000A plasma for 3.6 seconds.
- 2010, November – First H-mode plasma run.[10]
- 2011 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 5.2 seconds, Temperature: ~50×106 K, successfully fully deterred ELM (Edge-Localized Mode), first ever in the World.
- 2012 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 17 seconds, Temperature: 50×106 K
- 2013 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 20 seconds, Temperature: 50×106 K
- 2014 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 45 seconds, and successfully fully deterred ELM for 5 seconds.
- 2015 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 55 seconds, Temperature: 50×106 K
- 2016 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 70 seconds, Temperature: 50×106 K, and successfully made ITB-mode for 7 secs.[11]
- 2017 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 72 seconds, Temperature: 70×106 K, and successfully fully deterred ELM for 34 seconds, using 9.5 MW heating system.
- 2019 – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 1.5 seconds, Temperature: >100×106 K.
- 2020, March – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 8 seconds, Temperature: >100×106 K (Mean temperature: >97×106 K)[12]
- 2020, November – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 20 seconds, Temperature: >100×106 K.[13]
- 2021, November – Maintained high-temperature plasma for 30 seconds, Temperature: >100×106 K.[14]
- 2022, September – Maintained temperature 7 times hotter than the Sun for 30 seconds, Temperature: >100×106 K.[15]
- 2024, February – Maintained temperature 7 times hotter than the Sun for 48 seconds, Temperature: >100×106 K.[16]
References
- ^ "KSTAR | 국가핵융합연구소". www.nfri.re.kr (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2020-06-20.
- ^ "www.knfp.net". October 23, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-23.
- ^ "KSTAR celebrates first plasma". ITER. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
- ^ "중국 "인공태양 1억2000만도 101초 유지 성공"...앞선 한국 기록과 단순 비교는 어려워". Donga Science. 1 Jun 2021.
- ^ "Korean fusion reactor achieves record plasma - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. 14 Dec 2016. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
- ^ Andrews, Robin (19 Dec 2016). "South Korea Just Set A Nuclear Fusion World Record". IFLScience. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
- ^ Chinese Academy of Sciences (6 Jul 2017). "China's 'artificial sun' sets world record with 100 second steady-state high performance plasma". Retrieved 2018-09-18.
- ^ "Korean artificial sun sets the new world record of 20-sec-long operation at 100 million degrees". phys.org.
- ^ "China's "Artificial Sun" Fusion Reactor Just Set a World Record". Futurism.
- ^ "First H-mode plasma achieved on KSTAR". Archived from the original on 2015-01-23. Retrieved 2015-01-23.
- ^ "News | KOREA INSTITUTE OF FUSION ENERGY". NFRI News. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16.
- ^ "한국형 인공태양, 섭씨 1억도 플라스마 8초 운전 성공 – Sciencetimes" (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-28.
- ^ "Korean artificial sun sets the new world record of 20-sec-long operation at 100 million degrees". phys.org. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ^ Lavars, Nick (2021-11-24). "KSTAR fusion reactor sets record with 30-second plasma confinement". New Atlas. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
- ^ "This Fusion Reactor Hit Temps 7 Times Hotter Than the Sun for 30 Seconds". Popular Mechanics. 2022-09-13. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
- ^ McFadden, Christopher (29 March 2024). "South Korean 'artificial sun' reaches 7 times the Sun's core temperature". Interesting Engineering. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
External links
Wikinews has related news:
- Korea Institute of Fusion energy(KFE) Homepage(eng)
- KSTAR Homepage(eng)
- KSTAR Project Status PDF (undated – seems to be 2001. Includes slide-13 construction schedule to end 2004 and slide-16 operation from 2005 with upgrade planned 2010–11.)
- KSTAR Assembly Status, October 2006 PDF
- Status and Result of the KSTAR Upgrade for the 2010s Campaign
- KSTAR ICRF transmission line system upgrade for load resilient operation. Jan 2013