Ka Lae

Coordinates: 18°54′40″N 155°40′52″W / 18.9111°N 155.681111°W / 18.9111; -155.681111
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

South Point Complex
Nā'ālehu
Coordinates18°54′40″N 155°40′52″W / 18.9111°N 155.681111°W / 18.9111; -155.681111
Area710 acres (290 ha)
NRHP reference No.66000291[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[1]
Designated NHLDDecember 29, 1962[2]
people on cliff
Ka Lae Point, with people getting ready to jump the cliff
Wind-blown tree

Ka Lae (

of the 50 United States. The Ka Lae area is registered as a National Historic Landmark District under the name South Point Complex. The area is also known for its strong ocean currents and winds and is the home of a wind farm
.

Geography

The name for the southern tip of the island of Hawaiʻi comes from Ka Lae in the Hawaiian language which means "the point".[3] It is often spelled as one word, Kalae, or called South Point or South Cape.[4] A confluence of

red snapper and ulua are plentiful here. Locals fish from the cliffs, some dangling perilously over the edge of steep lava ledges. Swimming here, however, is not recommended, due to the current. In fact, it is called the "Halaea Current", named after a chief who was carried off to his death.[5]

The confluence of currents also means the area is prone to accumulation of

hawksbill turtles, both endangered species. Efforts to clean the coastline are organized by the Hawaii Wildlife Fund in conjunction with the NOAA.[6]

Ka Lae is accessible via South Point Road, a 12-mile paved narrow road leading from

Ocean View, Hawaii. The strong winds cause some trees to become almost horizontal with their branches all growing in the same direction near the ground. The road forks near its end, with one branch leading south to Ka Lae and the other east to Papakolea Beach
, known for its green sand.

Ka Lae is

the southernmost point in the 50 United States
.

History

South Point archaeological site

Ka Lae is the site of one of the earliest Hawaiian settlements, and it has one of the longest archaeological records on the islands.[2] It is generally thought that this is where the Polynesians first landed because the Big Island is the closest of the Hawaiian Islands to Tahiti, and Ka Lae would be the point of first landfall.[7] Ruins of an ancient Hawaiian temple (heiau) and a fishing shrine can be found here. In addition, ancient Hawaiians drilled numerous holes in the rock ledges to use for mooring their canoes. Tying long ropes to their boats, they would drift out to sea to fish without fear of being carried away by the strong currents.[8] Anthropologists from the Bishop Museum excavated the area in the 1960s.[9][10][11]

Ka Lae Light

On March 5, 1906, a small lighthouse opened at the point. In 1908 about 10 acres (4.0 ha) were set aside for the United States Coast Guard to build a house for a keeper. At the request of William Tufts Brigham of the Bishop Museum, care was taken not to destroy the archaeological site. In 1929 a steel tower was built for the light, and in 1972 a new 32 foot (10m) concrete tower with solar power was built.[12][13]

A

KBA99 with callsign WWG27 on 162.55 MHz.[14] A weather station also monitors wind speed.[15]

Recent history

decrepit turbines
Old Kamaoa wind farm at South Point
South Point navigational marker
South Point Satellite Station

During

US Air Force built a landing strip called Morse Field on the point. The airfield was closed in 1953.[16] In 1961 South Point was on the list of final sites to be considered by NASA to launch crewed rockets to space, but was considered too remote[17] although it was later used to launch sounding rockets for testing of instruments at the Air Force's Maui Space Surveillance Center.[18] The low latitude of the location also made it (and nearby areas that are as remote) attractive as a site for private rocket launches, but these plans were dropped in the face of high costs and local opposition.[19]

A space tracking station was operated from 1964 to 1965, and in the 21st century the Swedish Space Corporation's Universal Space Network again established a remote ground station for space tracking and communications, now consisting of two 13-meter parabolic antennas on the east side of South Point Road.[20] Also at Ka Lae are the large shortwave radio antennas of World Harvest Radio International, which used callsign KWHR until 2009.[21]

In 1987 the Kamaoa Wind Farm began operation with thirty-seven Mitsubishi 250

Hawaii Electric Light Company.[23] The wind farm is operated by Tawhiri Power, LLC.[24] It is the southernmost wind farm in the United States.[25]
The turbines of the old wind farm have been disassembled.

Southernmost point

Ka Lae Point is the southernmost point of all fifty states in the

incorporated territory of the United States of America.[26]

See also

  • Great Pacific Garbage Patch

References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "South Point Complex". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
  3. University of Hawaii Press
    . Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  4. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kalae
  5. ^ "Kaʻu". Coffee Times.
  6. ^ "Marine Debris Removal from the Waiohinu-Ka Lae Coast Hawaii Island". Marine Debris Program. NOAA. September 18, 2006.
  7. ^ "Ka Lae, Ka'u, Kailua-Kona". Kailua-Kona Travel Guide. Virtual Tourist. October 5, 2002.
  8. ISBN 0-86442-489-2
    .
  9. OCLC 659366796
    .
  10. OCLC 659366796
    .
  11. OCLC 659366796
    .
  12. ^ "Minor light of Hawai'i - Ka Lae, HI". Lighthouse Friends web site. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  13. ISBN 978-0-8248-1319-2
    .
  14. ^ "NOAA Weather Radio WWG27". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  15. ^ "South Point, Hawaii ARC Wind Sensor". National Weather Service. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  16. ^ Pauk Freeman (January 1, 2010). "Morse Field, South Point, HI". Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Hawaii, Hawaii island. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  17. ^ Cliff Lethbridge (2000). "Space Program Has A Space Problem And A New Spaceport Is Born". History of Cape Canaveral. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  18. ^ "South Cape (Morse Field) Airport". Hawaii Aviation Archive. State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Airports Division. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  19. ^ Jonathan Eberhart (March 26, 1988). "Hawaii: A Stepping Stone to Space?". Science news.
  20. ^ "Universal Space Network Expands Satellite Ground Stations". SSC Group. September 19, 2007. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
  21. ^ "Station Record - KWHR". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  22. ^ "History of Wind Energy Projects in Hawaii". State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism web site. April 15, 2002. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  23. ^ Associated Press (July 20, 2007). "Big Isle wind farm boosts grid". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  24. ^ Tawhiri Power, LLC
  25. ^ "Pakini Nui Find Farm". Tawhiri Power LLC web site. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  26. ^ "GAO/OGC-98-5 – U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution". U.S. Government Printing Office. November 7, 1997. Retrieved March 18, 2018.

External links

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