Kabarett
Kabarett (German pronunciation:
Difference from other forms
Kabarett is the German word for the French word cabaret but has two different meanings. The first meaning is the same as in English, describing a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre (often the word "cabaret" is used in German for this as well to distinguish this form). The latter describes a kind of political satire. Unlike comedians who make fun of all kind of things, Kabarett artists (German: Kabarettisten) pride themselves as dedicated almost completely to political and social topics of more serious nature which they criticize using techniques like cynicism, sarcasm and irony.[1][2][3]
History
The first Kabarett venue was the Le Chat Noir in France, founded in 1880 by Rodolphe Salis. It later inspired similar venues in Germany and Austria such as the "Überbrettl", the first Kabarett venue (Berlin, 1901) in Germany and the "Jung-Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin" in Vienna.
Ernst von Wolzogen founded in Berlin the first German cabaret called Überbrettl (literally Superstage, a play of words on Friedrich Nietzsche's Übermensch, Superman), later known as Buntes Theater (colourful theatre), in January 1901.[4] In the foundation of the Überbrettl , von Wolzogen was inspired by Otto Julius Bierbaum's 1897 novel Stilpe.
In Munich, the Die Elf Scharfrichter was co-founded by Otto Falckenberg and others, in April 1901. It is sometimes considered the first political kabarett.[citation needed]
All forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the
When the
When the war ended, the occupying powers ensured that the kabarett portrayed the horrors of the Nazi regime. Soon, various kabarett shows were also dealing with the government, the Cold War and the Wirtschaftswunder: Cabaret Ulenspiegel in Berlin,[5] the university cabaret Tol(l)leranten in Mainz,[6] the Kom(m)ödchen in Düsseldorf and the Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft in Munich.[5] These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret.
In the
In the 1960s, West German kabarett was centred on
In the 1990s and at the start of the new millennium, the television and film comedy boom and a lessening of public interest in politics meant that television kabarett audiences in Germany dropped.[citation needed] In order to increase interest again the Walk of Fame of Cabaret in Mainz is honoring selected cabaret celebrities; many past cabaret celebrities are honored by stars and each year a star for a living one is added.
As of 1999, contemporary active political kabarettists and satirists in Germany include: Urban Priol, Thomas Reis, Arnulf Rating, Heinrich Pachl, 3 Gestirn Köln 1, Bruno Jonas, Richard Rogler, Mathias Richling, Dieter Hildebrandt (died 2013), Henning Venske, Matthias Beltz (died 2002), Matthias Deutschmann and Volker Pispers.[7]
Other notable Kabarett artists
- Willy Astor
- Jürgen Becker
- Konrad Beikircher
- Martin Betz
- Gerhard Bronner, died 2007
- Karl Dall, died 2020
- Alfred Dorfer
- Gerd Dudenhöffer
- Max Ehrlich, died 1944
- Karl Farkas, died 1971
- Ottfried Fischer
- Lisa Fitz
- Egon Friedell, died 1938
- Andreas Giebel
- Rainald Grebe
- Christoph Grissemann
- Fritz Grünbaum, died 1941
- Günter Grünwald
- Josef Hader
- Dieter Hallervorden
- Peter Hammerschlag, died 1942
- Eckart von Hirschhausen
- Franz Hohler
- Jörg Hube, died 2009
- Hanns Dieter Hüsch, died 2005
- Georg Kreisler, died 2011
- Reiner Kröhnert
- Maren Kroymann
- Frank Lüdecke
- Uwe Lyko
- Rolf Miller
- Wolfgang Neuss, died 1989
- Maria Ney, died 1959
- Michael Niavarani
- Dieter Nuhr
- Günther Paal
- Rainer Pause
- Erwin Pelzig
- Sissi Perlinger
- Gerhard Polt
- Andreas Rebers
- Lukas Resetarits
- Hagen Rether
- Mathias Richling
- Helmut Schleich
- Wilfried Schmickler
- Werner Schneyder, died 2019
- Georg Schramm
- Horst Schroth
- Serdar Somuncu
- Emil Steinberger
- Dirk Stermann
- Ludger Stratmann
- Brother Theodore
- Mathias Tretter
- Max Uthoff
- Claus von Wagner
- Bodo Wartke
- Sigi Zimmerschied
Notable Kabarett shows and venues
- Cabaret Ulenspiegel (Berlin)
- Herkuleskeule (Dresden)
- Kom(m)ödchen (Düsseldorf)
- Mitternachtsspitzen (Cologne)
- Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft (Munich)
- Neues aus der Anstalt
- Notizen aus der Provinz
- Pantheon-Theater (Bonn)
- Scheibenwischer
- Science Busters (Vienna)
- Tol(l)leranten (Mainz)
See also
References
- ^ a b c (1997) The new encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 2, p.702 quote:
It retained the intimate atmosphere, entertainment platform, and improvisational character of the French cabaret but developed its own characteristic gallows humour. By the late 1920s the German cabaret gradually had come to feature mildly risque musical entertainment for the middle-class man, as well as biting political and social satire. It was also a centre for underground political and literary movements. [...] They were the centres of leftist of opposition to the rise of the German Nazi Party and often experienced Nazi retaliation for their criticism of the government.
- ^ ISBN 9783826032417.
- ISBN 978-3-638-92652-2.
- ISBN 0-271-00928-4.
- ^ ISBN 9783577102926. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ Hans Dieter Hüsch biography hüsch.org Retrieved 24 January 2012 (in German)
- ^ Pispers, Volker (1999) Damit müssen Sie rechnen, Teil 1, pp. 9–10, in Gefühlte Wirklichkeiten (2001)
Further reading
- Ambesser, Gwendolyn von: Schaubudenzauber – Geschichte und Geschichten eines legendären Kabaretts, Verlag Edition AV, Lich/Hessen 2006, ISBN 3-936049-68-8
- Arnbom, Marie-Theres, Wacks, Georg: Jüdisches Kabarett in Wien. 1889 – 2009, Armin Berg Verlag, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-9502673-0-3
- Budzinski, Klaus: Pfeffer ins Getriebe – So ist und wurde das Kabarett, Universitas Vlg., München 1982, ISBN 3-8004-1008-7
- Budzinski, Klaus/Hippen, Reinhard: Metzler Kabarett Lexikon, Vlg. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart-Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-476-01448-7
- Deißner-Jenssen, Frauke: Die zehnte Muse – Kabarettisten erzählen, Henschel Verlag, Berlin (DDR) 1982
- Finck, Werner: Spaßvogel – Vogelfrei, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-548-22923-9
- Fink, Iris: Von Travnicek bis Hinterholz 8 : Kabarett in Österreich ab 1945, von A bis Zugabe, Verl. Styria, Graz; Wien; Köln, 2000, ISBN 3-222-12773-5
- Glodek, Tobias/Haberecht, Christian/Ungern-Sternberg, Christoph: Politisches Kabarett und Satire. Mit Beiträgen von Volker Kühn, Henning Venske, Peter Ensikat, Eckart v. Hirschhausen u.a., Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, Berlin 2007. ISBN 3-86573-262-3
- Greul, Heinz: Bretter, die die Zeit bedeuten – Die Kulturgeschichte des Kabaretts, Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln-Berlin 1967
- Henningsen, Jürgen: Theorie des Kabaretts, Düsseldorf-Benrath 1967
- Hippen, Reinhard: Es liegt in der Luft. Kabarett im Dritten Reich, Zürich 1988
- Jacobs, Dietmar: Untersuchungen zum DDR-Berufskabarett der Ära Honecker, Frankfurt/M., Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Wien, 1996. 309 S. Kölner Studien zur Literaturwissenschaft Vol. 8, Edited by Neuhaus Volker, ISBN 978-3-631-30546-1
- Kühn, Volker: Deutschlands Erwachen. Kabarett unterm Hakenkreuz 1933–1945 (= Kleinkunststücke. Eine Kabarett-Bibliothek in fünf Bänden, Hrsg. Volker Kühn, Band3), Berlin 1989, S. 20.
- Otto, Rainer/Rösler, Walter: Kabarettgeschichte, Henschelverlag, Berlin (DDR) 1977
- Doris Rosenstein: Fernseh(schwäbisches) Kabarett [: Mathias Richling]. In: Suevica 7 (1993). Stuttgart 1994 [1995], S. 153–192 ISBN 3-88099-311-4
- Siegordner, Martin: Politisches Kabarett- Definition, Geschichte und Stellung. GRIN Verlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-638-72669-6
- Schumann, Werner: Unsterbliches Kabarett, Richard Beeck Vlg., Hannover 1948
- Vogel, Benedikt: Fiktionskulisse – Poetik und Geschichte des Kabaretts, Mentis Vlg., Paderborn 1993, ISBN 3-89785-105-9
- Wacks, Georg: Die Budapester Orpheumgesellschaft. Ein Varieté in Wien 1889–1919. Vorwort: Gerhard Bronner, Holzhausen Verlag, Wien 2002, ISBN 3-85493-054-2
- Zivier, Georg/Kotschenreuter, Hellmut/Ludwig, Volker: Kabarett mit K – Siebzig Jahre große Kleinkunst, Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-87061-242-8