Kabul River

Coordinates: 33°55′0″N 72°13′56″E / 33.91667°N 72.23222°E / 33.91667; 72.23222
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Kabul river
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Kabul River
Pashto)
Location
CountriesAfghanistan and Pakistan
CitiesKabul, Surobi, Jalalabad (Afghanistan);
Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera (Pakistan)
Physical characteristics
SourceHindu Kush Mountains
 • locationMaidan Wardak, Afghanistan
 • coordinates34°21′25″N 68°50′21″E / 34.357°N 68.8392°E / 34.357; 68.8392
 • elevation2,400 m (7,900 ft)
MouthIndus River
 • location
Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
 • coordinates
33°55′0″N 72°13′56″E / 33.91667°N 72.23222°E / 33.91667; 72.23222
Length700 km (430 mi)
Basin size70,500 km2 (27,200 sq mi)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftPanjshir River, Alingar River, Kunar River, Swat River
 • rightLogar River, Surkhab River, Bara River

The Kabul River (

Dari: دریای کابل), the classical Cophen /ˈkoʊfeɪn/, is a 700-kilometre-long (430 mi) river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in the northeastern part of Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. It is separated from the watershed of the Helmand River by the Unai Pass. The Kabul River empties into the Indus River near Attock, Pakistan. It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province of Pakistan.

Course

The Kabul River, which measures 700 kilometres or 430 miles long, passes through the cities of

tributaries of the Kabul River are the Logar, Panjshir, Alingar, Surkhab, Kunar, Bara, and Swat rivers.[2]

Sir Frederick Roberts occupied the city at the head of the Kabul Field Force

Hydrology

The Kabul River is little more than a trickle for most of the year, but swells in summer due to melting snows in the Hindu Kush Range. Its largest tributary is the Kunar River, which starts out as the

Nurestan
. The Kunar meets the Kabul near Jalalabad. In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the Kabul, the river continues as the Kabul River after this confluence, mainly for the political and historical significance of the name.

Dams

The Kabul River is impounded by several dams that were constructed in the 20th century. Three dams are located in the Kabul and Nangarhar provinces of Afghanistan, including the Surobi dam, a hydroelectric source for Kabul constructed 1957 with assistance by Germany, the Naghlu dam, which was later built by Soviet scientists in the 1960s, and the Darunta dam. The Warsak Dam is also in the Valley of Peshawar in Pakistan, approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar.[1]

History

Expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia

Main article: Cophen campaign

In

The Campaigns of Alexander, the River Kabul is referred to as Κωφήν Kōphēn (Latin spelling Cophen).[3][4][5][6]

Modern era

Since the 1990s, the river has experienced substantial droughts in summer.[1] In approximately March 2019, ten of thousands of gallons of untreated sewage from the Makroyan Waste Water Treatment Plant has been dumped into the Kabul River each month, reportedly causing gastrointestinal issues among the 3,000 families that live along the river.[7]

Etymology

In Sanskrit and Avestan

The word Kubhā which is the ancient name of the river is both a Sanskrit and Avestan word. The word later changed to Kābul.[8][9]

Al-Biruni

Al-Biruni a Persian polymath also called it "the River of Ghorwand".[10]

The Kabul River later gave its name to the region and to the settlement of Kabul.[10]

Institution Leadership

Kabul River Basin (KRB) is a government authority under the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA). Based on the Water Law it was created. The recent Director General of this major water institution was Jalal Naser Faqiryar, who brought positive changes, contributed a lot to the transparency, basin development, and applicable policies, especially river basin management which had positive impacts and results.

Gallery

  • The Kabul River in the city of Kabul, 1966
    The Kabul River in the city of Kabul, 1966
  • The Kabul River in the city of Kabul, 1982
    The Kabul River in the city of Kabul, 1982
  • The Kabul River in the city of Kabul in 2009, now dried up
    The Kabul River in the city of Kabul in 2009, now dried up
  • The dried river in the central city of Kabul
    The dried river in the central city of Kabul
  • Kabul River valley
    Kabul River valley
  • Gorge of the Kabul River, parallel to the Kabul-Jalalabad Road
    Gorge of the Kabul River, parallel to the
    Kabul-Jalalabad Road
  • Kabul River in Behsood Bridge Area, Jalalabad, 2009
    Kabul River in Behsood Bridge Area, Jalalabad, 2009
  • Kabul River in Behsood Bridge Area, Jalalabad, 2009
    Kabul River in Behsood Bridge Area, Jalalabad, 2009
  • Buddhist caves, which have been carved into a set of cliffs on the north side of the Kabul river
    Buddhist caves, which have been carved into a set of cliffs on the north side of the Kabul river
  • A dam on the river
    A dam on the river
  • Kabul River at Behsood Bridge , Jalalabad
    Kabul River at Behsood Bridge , Jalalabad

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Wilde, A (April 19, 2012). "Kabul River".
  2. ^ "One Land, Two Rules (9): Delivering public services in insurgency-affected Jalrez district of Wardak province". Afghan Analysts Network. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  3. ^ Arrian, John Rooke; Arrian (1813). "A brief account of all the authors who have touched upon the history of Alexander". Arrian's History of the expedition of Alexander the Great: and conquest of Persia. Translated by Rooke, John (2nd ed.). J. Davis.
  4. ISBN 1-904341-56-X
    .
  5. ISBN 0-415-96855-0
    .
  6. ISBN 0-87220-727-7
    .
  7. ^ Lawrence, J.P.; Babakarkhail, Zubair (September 12, 2020). "Sewage from US Embassy, NATO headquarters dumped into Kabul River due to aging infrastructure". Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  8. Indus a little above Attock and receives at Prang the joint flow of its tributaries the Swat (Swastu) and Gauri{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  9. Punjab and even beyond the Punjab on the borders of the Kubha river the Kowpher in Kabul. The gradual diffusion of these people from this point towards the east, beyond the Saraswati and Hindustan
    as far as the Ganges, can be traced almost step by step in the later portions of the Vedic writings
  10. ^ a b Bosworth, C.E. (1999). "Kabul". Encyclopaedia of Islam (CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kabul River.

33°55′0″N 72°13′56″E / 33.91667°N 72.23222°E / 33.91667; 72.23222

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