Kadıköy
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Kadıköy | |
---|---|
Istanbul | |
Government | |
• Mayor | Mesut Kösedağı (CHP) |
Area | 25 km2 (10 sq mi) |
Population (2023)[1] | 467,919 |
• Density | 19,000/km2 (48,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Postal code | 34710 |
Area code | 0216 |
Website | www |
Kadıköy (Turkish pronunciation:
Kadıköy was known in classical antiquity and during the Roman and Byzantine eras as Chalcedon (Greek: Χαλκηδών). Chalcedon was known as the 'city of the blind'. The settlement has been under control of many empires, finally being taken by the Ottomans before the fall of Constantinople. At first, Chalcedon was rural, but with time it urbanized. Kadıköy separated from the Üsküdar district in 1928.
One of the most expensive places in Istanbul, Kadıköy is a residential and commercial area that, with its numerous bars, cinemas and bookshops, is the liberal cultural centre of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Kadıköy contains the Bağdat Avenue, which is one of the most significant shopping streets in Turkey and it spans through the entirety of the district. Some main transportation routes connecting various districts of Istanbul pass through Kadıköy.
While the borders of the district extend from Bostancı to Koşuyolu, the central town which gives its name to the district encompasses only the limited area made up of the Rasimpaşa, Osmanağa, and Caferağa neighbourhoods. Outside of the centre, it is possible to see calmer, highly developed seaside settlements such as Caddebostan and Fenerbahçe. The most populated neighbourhoods of the district apart from the core of Kadıköy are Göztepe and Kozyatağı.[5]
Kadıköy ranked 1st place in Human Development Index out the 188 most populated districts in Turkey.[6]
Etymology
Kadıköy was put under the administration of the courts of Constantinople which is where the name Kadıköy arised from, literally meaning "Village of the Judge". It is also commonly thought that the modern name was a Turkification from the Greek name, Chalcedon.
History
Chalcedon became known as the 'city of the blind', the story being that Byzantium was founded following a prophecy that a great capital would be built 'opposite the city of the blind' (meaning that the people of Chalcedon must have been blind not to see the obvious value of the peninsula on the Golden Horn as a natural defensive harbour). The fourth ecumenical church council, Council of Chalcedon, was held there in 451 AD.
Chalcedon changed hands time and time again, as
At the time of the conquest, Chalcedon was a rural settlement outside the protection of the city. It was soon put under the jurisdiction of the Constantinople courts, hence the name Kadıköy, which means Village of the Judge. In the Ottoman period, Kadıköy became a market for agricultural goods and in time developed into a residential area for people who would commute to the city by boat.
According to Ottoman estimations of 1882, the district of Kadıköy had a total population of 6,733, consisting of 2,695 Muslims, 1,831 Armenians, 1,822 Greeks, 249 Jews, 92 Latins, 28 Bulgarians and 16 Catholics.[7]
Kadıköy became a district in 1928 when it was separated from Üsküdar district. The neighbourhoods of Bostancı and Suadiye were also separated from the district of Kartal in the same year,[citation needed] and eventually joined the newly formed district of Kadıköy.
Geography
Composition
There are 21
Transport
The major
The Söğütlüçeşme railway station, the next station after Haydarpaşa Terminal, is the terminus of the Metrobus line to European side of Istanbul.
The M4 line of the Istanbul Metro runs from Kadıköy to Tavşantepe daily between 6:00 and 23:57.[10]
The centre of Kadıköy today is the
Public transportation with terminus in Kadıköy:
- 4 Kadıköy-Bostancı ring (via Bağdat Avenue)
- 8A West Ataşehir
- 10B Bostancı
- 16 Pendik (via Bağdat Avenue)
- 17 Pendik (via so-called minibus way)
- 19F Yeditepe University
- 19M Ataşehir via Ataşehir Boulevard.
- 130A Tuzla
- 222 Pendik (via Bağdat Avenue)
- E-10 Sabiha Gökçen Airport
- ER1 Ring Erenköy (passes through Bağdat Avenue)
- ER2 Ring Erenköy (passes through Bağdat Avenue)
- FB1 Ring Fenerbahçe (passes through west point of Bağdat Avenue)
- FB2 Ring Fenerbahçe (passes through west point of Bağdat Avenue)
- GZ1 Ring Göztepe (passes through Bağdat Avenue)
- GZ2 Ring Göztepe (passes through Bağdat Avenue)
To European side,
- 110 Taksim
- 112 Taksim
- 500A Edirnekapı
For more lines, visit: http://www.iett.istanbul/en/main/hatlar
- M4 Kadıköy-Sabiha Gökçen (Sabiha Gökçen International Airport)
- M8
- Marmaray
- T3 (Ring) Mühürdar-Bahariye-Moda (in centrum)
Traditional ferries,[11]
- Eminönü
- Karaköy
- Kabataş
- Beşiktaş
- Princes' Islands
Sea buses,[12]
Kadıköy today
Politics
The main opposition party, Republican People's Party (CHP) is usually successful in Kadıköy in both local and national elections.[citation needed] Since the mid-1990s the mayor has been from the CHP. Kadıköy ranks 1st place on the Human Development Index scale, among all the other districts of Turkey, according to a 2020 report[6] and ranks 4th place in socio-economic development.[13]
Education
Marmara University has most of its buildings in Kadıköy, including the large and elegant Haydarpaşa Campus, while the largest private university in Istanbul, Yeditepe University, is located on the hill named "Kayışdağı" at the easternmost edge of the borough (Which later connected to Ataşehir). A new state university, İstanbul Medeniyet University, opened in 2010. It has its main building in Göztepe, Merdivenköy, and has begun to develop campuses in both Kadıköy and Üsküdar. The campuses are divided by the D-100 Highway. Each have a metro station close by.
Another private institution for higher education, the Doğuş University, is situated in the Acıbadem neighborhood of Kadıköy.
Remarkable and important high schools in the area include
Shopping
Kadıköy is a busy shopping district, with a wide variety of atmospheres and architectural styles. The streets are varied, some being narrow alleyways and others, such as Bahariye Caddesi, being
At the top of the shopping district there is an intersection, with a statue of a bull, called Altıyol (Six Ways), where a road leads to the civic buildings and a huge street market called Salı Pazarı (Tuesday Market). The working-class residential districts of Hasanpaşa and Fikirtepe are located behind the civic buildings.
Housing
There is a lot of residential property in the centre of Kadıköy, mostly somewhat dilapidated today, but there are still quiet suburban streets. The area is home to many students as well as a small number of foreign residents.
Attractions, entertainment and eating
Kadıköy has many narrow streets filled with cafés, bars and restaurants, as well as many cinemas. Süreyya Opera House is a recent redevelopment of the same named historic movie theatre.
The market area is mostly closed to traffic and contains a wide variety of fast food restaurants serving toasted sandwiches, hamburgers and döner. There are also traditional Turkish restaurants and patisseries, bridge schools, wine houses, bars with jazz, folk and rock music, as well as working class tea and backgammon houses.
Behind the coast, lies a large shopping and residential district winding uphill to the Bahariye Caddesi pedestrian zone. This area was transformed during the economic boom of the 1990s and shops were opened and bars at surrounding.
Kadıköy's entertainment is generally not of the affluent type. It has a more working class ambiance; therefore, it is easier to find food of the like of kebab and fried mussels than haute cuisine, although one of Istanbul's most traditional Turkish cuisine representatives, Yanyalı Fehmi Lokantası and the foreign tourist attracting Çiya is found here. Also, the oldest recorded maker of Turkish delight, Hacı Bekir[14] and chocolate maker Baylan[15] are located in Kadıköy.
Kadıköy does not have as much nightlife as
Surrounding residential areas
Coastal areas
Along the coast, away from the centre of Kadıköy, there are many expensive shops and the area becomes more upmarket in neighbourhoods near the Bağdat Avenue. There is also the Moda quarter located south of central Kadıköy.
Moda is an old, quiet, cosmopolitan
Beyond this area, the huge
Inland areas
Inland from the coast there is a great deal of housing development: Most are expensive, especially in areas such as Kozyatağı. These districts house many of Istanbul's upper-middle class residents.[citation needed] These neighbourhoods are mainly built around wide avenues and tree-lined streets, with four to six-storey apartment buildings that have sizable gardens and car-parking around them. Especially in Kozyatağı, there are old Ottoman houses nearly in every houses' garden. Kozyatağı, Suadiye and Kazasker used to be one of the most popular summer areas for wealthy Istanbul residents. Today, Kozyatağı has tree-lined streets, especially magnolia, linden and fruit trees such as medlar trees, plum trees, cherry, mulberry and quince trees, many large greenfields, parks, children parks. These areas, Suadiye, Bağdat Avenue, Kalamış, Kozyatağı, Fenerbahçe have today, upper-middle or upper class residents. There are many schools, hospitals, shops and restaurants in these areas. Another smart new neighbourhood is Acıbadem. This area has one of the best-known private hospitals in the city and a long avenue of cafés, restaurants and ice cream parlours. In the late 1990s, new luxury housing developments such as Ataşehir began to be constructed in the previously undeveloped area north of the E5 highway. These have their own shops, private colleges, sports centres and other facilities. Ataşehir separated from Kadıköy in 2009 elections.
Climate
Kadıköy experiences a Mediterranean climate (Csa/Cs) according to both Köppen and Trewartha climate classifications, with cool winters and warm to hot summers. Its milder winters allow it to be classified in USDA hardiness zone 9b, while its summers are hot enough to be classified as AHS heat zone 4.[16]
Climate data for Göztepe, Istanbul | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.5 (65.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
8.1 (46.6) |
14.1 (57.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.4 (50.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 87.9 (3.46) |
70.2 (2.76) |
62.5 (2.46) |
43.2 (1.70) |
30.2 (1.19) |
27.0 (1.06) |
23.9 (0.94) |
29.7 (1.17) |
46.7 (1.84) |
69.2 (2.72) |
90.5 (3.56) |
111.5 (4.39) |
692.5 (27.25) |
Source: [17] |
Architecture
Kadıköy has many houses from the Ottoman and some from Roman period which are hidden in its side streets. Some of them have been turned into cafés, pubs and restaurants, particularly serving seafood and rest of them waiting for restoration. Yeldeğirmeni is an important neighbourhood in terms of architecture.
Sport
The district is home to the major Turkish multi-sport club
The multi-purpose arena of
The district was also home to KadıköySpor, a basketball club that evolved into the current top-level club Anadolu Efes.
Religion
Kadıköy has been always a place with population belonging to the three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. There are still many examples of mosques, Greek and Armenian Orthodox churches, and Ottoman–Jewish synagogues, as with the rest of Istanbul.
The town serves as the Holy See for the Metropolis of Chalcedon, one of the four remaining metropolises of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in Turkey today. Hemdat Israel Synagogue, situated in Yeldeğirmeni neighbourhood close to Haydarpaşa Terminal, is one of the oldest Jewish houses of prayer in Istanbul.[18]
There are a high number of non-believers in Kadıköy, especially among the youth,[19] as the Atheism Association, the only atheism-related institution in Turkey is located here.[20]
Twin towns – sister cities
- Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (Berlin), Germany
- Petah Tikva, Israel
See also
- Hasanpaşa Gasworks, 1892 built gasworks, today a museum
- History of Istanbul
References
- ^ "Kadıköy Nüfusu İstanbul". www.nufusu.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Kadıköy Nüfusu İstanbul". www.nufusu.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ "Kadıköy Mahalleleri Nüfusu İstanbul". www.nufusu.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ a b "Çok Yüksek İnsani Gelişme İlçeleri Belli Oldu – İNGEV" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-03-06.
- The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 204–205.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Haydarpaşa Station like a museum of history". 25 May 2014.
- ^ "Metro İstanbul". Archived from the original on 2017-04-21.
- ^ "Sefer Tarifeleri | www.sehirhatlari.com.tr". Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri A.Ş." Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ Acar, Salih; Şahin Cinoğlu, Deniz; Karagöz, Tansel; Kayğısız, Gamze; Meydan, Mustafa Caner; Işık, Mustafa. "İLÇELERİN SOSYO-EKONOMİK GELİŞMİŞLİK SIRALAMASI ARAŞTIRMASI" (PDF). T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı.
- ^ "Hacı Bekir - Asırlara meydan okuyan lezzet".
- ^ "Anasayfa | Baylan Pastaneleri".
- ^ "Bitki Soğuğa ve Sıcağa Dayanıklılık". www.mgm.gov.tr. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
- ^ "Climate Explorer: Time series". climexp.knmi.nl. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
- ^ "Chief Rabbinate of Turkey (Türkiye Hahambaşılığı)". Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
- ^ Erdem, Ali Kemal. "Ateizm Derneği Başkanı Özkohen: Türkiye'de dinsizlik artmış görünmekte".
- ^ "First legal atheist organisation formed in Turkey – Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain". 2017-09-18. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ^ "Kardeş Şehirlerimiz" (in Turkish). Kadıköy. Retrieved 2023-10-19.