Kaiser

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Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth (called Sisi)

Kaiser is the German word for "

Wilhelm II, German Emperor
—thus gained considerable negative connotations in English-speaking countries.

Especially in Central Europe, between northern Italy and southern Poland, between western Austria and western Ukraine and in Bavaria, Emperor Franz Joseph I is still associated with "Der Kaiser" (the emperor) today. As a result of his long reign from 1848 to 1916 and the associated Golden Age before the First World War, this title often has still a very high historical respect in this geographical area.[1][2][3]

Etymology and language usage

Like the

Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar, the forebear of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, belonged. It has been suggested, on the grounds of an anecdote reported in e.g. Suetonius (Divus Julius 79.2), that Caesar himself once used his cognomen by way of a title; but this is ultimately unlikely.[4]

Although the British monarchs styled "

Kaisar-i-Hind in Hindi and Urdu, this word, although ultimately sharing the same Latin origin, is derived from the Persian Kaysar, not the German Kaiser.[5]

"Kaiserwetter" (Weather of the emperor) is a colloquial expression and means in German "Sunny weather" with a deep blue, cloudless sky. According to Duden, this proverb goes back to the mostly bright sunshine on 18 August, the birthday of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.[6] Kaiserschmarrn (Emperor's Mess) is a lightly sweetened pancake that takes its name also from Franz Joseph I.[7] Also with the Austrian Kaisersemmel ("Kaiser roll"), Kaiserfleisch ("Kaiser meat") or Kaisersuppe ("Kaiser soup") the word "Kaiser" is supposed to denote the ultimate highest increase, the best of its kind.[8] Kaiserjäger and Kaiserschützen were special elite units of the Imperial and Royal (k.u.k.) Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces, especially expressed by the part of the name Kaiser.[9]

"Der Kaiser" is the nickname of both

Franz I
.

German history and antecedents of the title

The Holy Roman Emperors (962–1806) called themselves Kaiser,

Habsburg
family were "Holy Roman Emperors".

In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, but the title of Kaiser was retained by the House of Habsburg, the head of which, beginning in 1804, bore the title of Emperor (Kaiser) of Austria.[11] After 1273, the Habsburgs provided most of Holy Roman Kings or Emperors, so they saw themselves as legitimate heirs to the title they adopted. Despite Habsburg ambitions, however, the Austrian Empire could no longer claim to rule over most of Germany, although they did rule over large areas of lands inhabited by non-Germans in addition to Austria. According to the historian Friedrich Heer, the Austrian Habsburg emperor remained an "auctoritas" of a special kind. He was "the grandson of the Caesars", he remained the patron of the holy church, but without excluding other religions. In this tradition, the Austrian emperor saw himself as the protector of his peoples, minorities and all religious communities.[12] In this regard, minorities in the Habsburg Monarchy, but also the Jews [13] on the one hand and the Muslims [14] on the other hand were particularly loyal to the emperor (German: "kaisertreu").

In 1867 the Austrian Empire was divided into the state of Austria-Hungary (the so-called Danube Monarchy), with

Habsburg dynasty. They had an official list of crowns, titles, and dignities (Grand title of the emperor of Austria
).

The Kaisers of the Austrian Empire (1804–1918) were:

Karl von Habsburg is currently the head of the House of Habsburg.

With the

Hohenzollern
dynasty, which, as kings of Prussia, and had been de facto leaders of lesser Germany (Germany excluding Austria).

The Kaisers of the German Empire (1871–1918) were:

  • Wilhelm I (1871 - 1888);
  • Friedrich III
    (9 March - 15 June 1888), who ruled for 99 days;
  • Wilhelm II (1888 - 1918), during whose reign the monarchy in Germany ended near the end of World War I.[16]

Georg Friedrich Ferdinand
, Prince of Prussia, is currently head of the House of Hohenzollern, which was the former ruling dynasty of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.

See also

References

  1. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: Der ewige Kaiser
  2. ^ Der verklärte Kaiser Franz Joseph I. als Symbol einer Epoche
  3. ^ This is how dutifully Emperor Franz Joseph I died.
  4. ^ Krebs, C.B. (2023), "‘IT’S CAESAR [KAISER/TSAR], NOT MR. KING.’ (MIS)UNDERSTANDING A CAESARIAN PUN (SUET. IUL. 79.2) AND ITS IRONIES," Histos 17: 43–51
  5. ^ Witzel, M. "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Persian Texts", p. 29, 12.1 (as Urdu kaisar).
  6. ^ Duden: Kaiserwetter
  7. ^ Jürgen Herrmann "Lehrbuch für Köche." Hamburg (1999) p 317.
  8. ^ Stefan Hebenstreit: Hitlerweck und Kaisersemmel. Wahlkampfgeschenke und politisch-propagandistische Devotionalien aus dem Backofen. In: Thomas Gimesi, Werner Hanselitsch "Geben, Nehmen, Tauschen." Münster (2010), ISBN 978-3-643-50211-7, p 74.
  9. ^ Anton Graf Bossi-Fedrigotti: Kaiserjäger – Ruhm und Ende. Graz 1977, pp 3.
  10. ^ Manuel Neukirchner: "Spieler Beckenbauer wird Kaiser Franz." FAZ.NET, 6 September 2015.
  11. ^
    New International Encyclopedia
    (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  12. ^ Friedrich Heer "Der Kampf um die österreichische Identität" (1981), p 259.
  13. ^ Marta S. Halpert "Mutig hinaus für Kaiser und Vaterland", In: Wina, June 2014.
  14. ^ Mit dem Fes auf dem Kopf für Österreich-Ungarn
  15. ^ Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich. 3rd edition, Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, p. 750-753.
  16. ^ "Kaiser Wilhelm II - World War I - HISTORY.com". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 17 January 2018.

External links

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