Kalaburagi
Kalaburagi
Gulbarga | ||
---|---|---|
City | ||
Telephone code 91(847)-2XXXXXX | | |
Vehicle registration | KA-32 | |
Website | kalaburagi |
Kalaburagi, formerly known as Gulbarga,
Kalaburagi city is governed by a Municipal Corporation and is in the Kalaburagi Urban Region. It is called a Sufi city. It has famous religious structures, like the Hazrath
The name Gulbarga means ‘(City of) ‘Flower Gardens’ ultimately from the Persian words gul ‘flower’ and bāgh ‘garden’.[9]
History
The history of Kalaburagi dates to the sixth century. The
The revolt of the officers appointed from
With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Kalaburagi passed under the Mughal Empire. In the early part of the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal Empire, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I, one of Aurangzeb's generals, formed the kingdom of Hyderabad, in which a major part of the Kalaburagi area was also included. In 1948, Hyderabad State became a part of the Indian Union, and in 1956, excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh, Kalaburagi district became part of the new Mysore State.
Gulbarga (Urdu) (city of flowers and gardens) was renamed Kalaburagi (Kannada) (Kal-means stone in Kannada, bur means thorns in Kannada the whole name represents "The Land of stones and thorns") effective 1 November 2014.[11]
Geography
The entire district is on the Deccan Plateau, and the elevation ranges from 300 to 750 m above MSL. Two main rivers, the
Climate
Kalaburagi has a
Climate data for Kalaburagi (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.2 (97.2) |
39.4 (102.9) |
43.0 (109.4) |
45.1 (113.2) |
46.1 (115.0) |
46.0 (114.8) |
38.4 (101.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.1 (95.2) |
46.1 (115.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.8 (100.0) |
40.2 (104.4) |
40.6 (105.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.5 (86.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 4.1 (0.16) |
1.9 (0.07) |
5.9 (0.23) |
17.2 (0.68) |
26.0 (1.02) |
109.4 (4.31) |
127.1 (5.00) |
152.8 (6.02) |
194.2 (7.65) |
99.9 (3.93) |
19.7 (0.78) |
4.2 (0.17) |
762.3 (30.01) |
Average rainy days | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 45.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
34 | 28 | 23 | 23 | 28 | 48 | 58 | 61 | 60 | 52 | 43 | 37 | 41 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[14][15] |
Demographics
As of the 2011 Indian census,[1] Kalaburagi city has a population of 533,587. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kalaburagi has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 70%, while that of females is 30%. In Kalaburagi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
At the time of the 2011 census, 55.04% of the population spoke Kannada, 35.78% Urdu, 3.56% Marathi, 2.37% Hindi, 1.20% Telugu and 1.14% Lambadi as their first language.[17]
Government and politics
Kalaburagi has been home to two ex-
Kalaburagi comes under
Kalaburagi city has two Vidhan Sabha constituencies:
Culture/Cityscape
Art and architecture
The largest collection of Islamic art is seen at the domed ceiling and walls are adorned with paintings containing calligraphy designs and floral, flower and plants and geometric patterns inside the 14th-century tomb of Sufi saint Syed Shah Qhabulullah Husayni with natural colours. By religious restrictions, the artist was prohibited from depicting living beings in the interior of tomb, and his imagination was therefore employed either in inventing new designs for religious texts or in adding further delicacy and subtleness to the geometric and floral devices by making the drawings more and more intricate. A small tomb beside the said Sufi's has an excellent work of painted flower plants on the ceiling. Another vacant Shore Gumbad outside the city has delicate designs on its domed ceiling is superb.[citation needed]
The walls and ceiling of the tomb of Sultan Firuz Shah Bahmani can be appreciated which, although monotone, represents faithfully the creepers and floral patterns, the numerous geometric devices and calligraphic styles. The most notable building, however, of this period is the Jama Masjid of Kalaburagi fort, built by a Persian architect named Rafi in 1367 during the reign of Bahmani King Mohammed Shah I.
The glory of the towns in north Karnataka waned with the decline of the Bahmani dynasty, although Barid Shahi and Adil Shahi Kings kept up its beauty during their chequered rule. It suffers from pollution through nickel and lead.
Royal patronage played an important role in the making of Islamic art, as it has in the arts of other cultures. From the 14th century onwards, especially in eastern lands, the books of art provide the best documentation of courtly patronage.
for more information about the rich culture of Gulbarga, the book titled, Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga, (A Cultural Study) by Dr. Md. Salahuddin Munshi can be referred.
Transport
By Air
Kalaburagi has its own airport named Kalaburagi airport which was inaugurated by Karnataka CM Yediyurappa on 22 November 2019 and started on the same day.[19] It is connected with Bangalore and Tirupati by Star Air and Alliance Air.
By Rail
Kalaburagi has a railway station named Kalaburagi Junction which comes under the Solapur division of Indian Railways. There are two railway lines that pass through Kalaburagi namely, Mumbai–Chennai line (Solapur–Guntakal section) and Kalaburagi - Bidar line.
Kalaburagi is directly linked through daily trains with Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Itarsi Junction, Mysore, Hassan, Hubli, Vijayawada, Coimbatore, Kochi, Kanyakumari etc.
Kalaburagi is planned to be a part of proposed high-speed rail corridor running from Mumbai to Hyderabad.[20]
By Road
Kalaburagi is the headquarter of the
Education
The Central University of Karnataka is located in Kalaburagi. The Gulbarga University, Sharnbasva University, and Khaja Bandanawaz University, are the other universities in the city. It also has an ESIC Medical College.
References
- ^ a b c "Gulbarga Population Census 2011 - 2019". Census 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Kalaburagi". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "Central Government The States Reorganisation Act, 1956" (PDF). indiaenvironmentportal.org.in. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "Remembering a Sufi saint". www.thehindu.com. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ "GULBARGA CITY CORPORATION". www.gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in/. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ "The Haft Gumbaz–Gulbarga". hariexploresindia.wordpress.com. 14 November 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ "Remains of a grand dream". www.deccanherald.com/. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
- ISBN 978-0-19-188291-3.
- ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ Variyar, Mugdha (1 November 2014). "Bangalore Wakes up to 'Bengaluru'; 11 Other Karnataka Cities Renamed". IBTimes. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ^ //http://www.cuk.ac.in//
- ^ "Unauthorized Request Blocked".
- ^ "Station: Kalaburagi Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 299–300. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M96. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Town): Karnataka". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ Khushboo (24 May 2019). "Lok Sabha Result 2019: कर्नाटक की गुलबर्गा सीट पर बीजेपी के उमेश जाधव ने कांग्रेस के मल्लिकार्जुन खड़गे को दी शिकस्त". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ "Kalaburagi airport inaugurated by Karnataka CM Yediyurappa; full flight schedule". The Indian Express. 22 November 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Mumbai-Hyderabad bullet train terminal could be at Navi Mumbai airport". Times of India. 27 December 2020.
- ^ "Bus staff strike total in Bangalore". The Hindu. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "16th Annual Administration Report 2015-16" (PDF). nekrtc.org. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga (A Cultural Study) by Dr. Md, Salahuddin Munshi The study entitled "Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga (A Cultural Study) 14th century to 17th century A.D" is about the rich culture of Gulbarga heritage, and the kingdoms ruled in this era and their significance, for the development of area's as their capital city of the kingdom.
- ^ Dr Md Salahuddin Munshi (2017). Dr (1st ed.). Bengaluru: Karnataka Historical Research Society.