Kalki

The Agni Purana describes Kalki's role:^[26]

Kalki, as the son of Viṣṇuyaśas, (and having) Yājñavalkya as the priest would destroy the non-Aryans, holding the astra and having a weapon. He would establish moral law in four-fold varṇas in the suitable manner. The people (would be) in the path of righteousness in all the stages of life.

— Agni Purana, Chapter 16, Verses 8 - 9

The

When almost all the persons in this world will turn out in future as Mleccas and when the wicked Kings will oppress them, right and left, Thou wilt then incarnate Thyself again as Kalki and redress all the grievances! We bow down to Thy Kalki Form! O Deva!

— Devi Bhagavata Purana, Chapter 5

Buddhist texts

In the Buddhist Text Kalachakra Tantra, the righteous kings are called Kalki (Kalkin, lit. chieftain) living in Sammu. There are many Kalki in this text, each fighting barbarism, persecution and chaos. The last Kalki is called "Rudra Cakrin" and is predicted to end the chaos and degeneration by assembling a large army to eradicate a barbarian army.^[11][12][28] A great war, which will include an army of both Hindus and Buddhists, will destroy the barbaric forces, states the text.^[11][12][13] This is most likely borrowed from Hinduism to Buddhism due to the arrival of Islamic kingdoms from the west to the east, mainly settled in West Tibet, Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.^[29][30] According to Donald Lopez – a professor of Buddhist Studies, Kalki is predicted to start the new cycle of perfect era where "Buddhism will flourish, people will live long, happy lives and righteousness will reign supreme".^[11] The text is significant in establishing the chronology of the Kalki idea to be from post-7th century, probably the 9th or 10th century.^[31] Lopez states that the Buddhist text likely borrowed it from Hindu vedic texts.^[11][12] Other scholars, such as Yijiu Jin, state that the text originated in Central Asia in the 10th-century, and Tibetan literature picked up a version of it in India around 1027 CE.^[31]

Sikh texts

The Kalki incarnation appears in the historic

While there is no mention of Kalki in the Vedic literature,^[34][35] the epithet "Kalmallkinam", meaning "Brilliant Remover Of Darkness", is found in the Vedic Literature for Rudra (later Shiva), has been interpreted to be "Forerunner Of Kalki".^[34]

Kalki appears for the first time in the great war epic Mahabharata.^[19] The mention of Kalki in the Mahabharata occurs only once, over the verses 3.188.85–3.189.6.^[1] The Kalki incarnation is found in the Maha Puranas such as Vishnu Purana,^[36] Matsya Purana, and the Bhagavata Purana.^[37][38] However, the details relating the Kalki mythologies are divergent between the epic and the Puranas, as well as within the Puranas.^[39][19]

In the Mahabharata, according to Hiltebeitel, Kalki is an extension of the

This Kalki concept may have further developed in the Hindu texts both as a reaction to the invasions of the Indian subcontinent by various armies over the centuries from its northwest, and in reaction to the mythologies these invaders brought with them.[1]^[43] Similarly, the Buddhist Literature dated to the late 1st millennium, a future Buddha Maitreya is depicted as Kalki.^[44][45][46] According to John Mitchiner, the Kalki concept owes "in some measure" to Jewish, Christian, Zoroastrian and other concepts.^[47] Mitchiner states that some Puranas such as the Yuga Purana do not mention Kalki and offer a different cosmology than the other Puranas. The Yuga Purana mythologizes in greater details the post-Maurya era Indo-Greek and Saka era, while the Manvantara theme containing the Kalki idea is mythologized greater in other Puranas.^[48][19] Luis Gonzales-Reimann concurs with Mitchiner, stating that the Yuga Purana does not mention Kalki.^[49] In other texts such as the sections 2.36 and 2.37 of the Vayu Purana, states Reimann, it is not Kalkin who ends the Kali Yuga, but a different character named Pramiti.^[50] Most historians, states Arvind Sharma, link the development of Kalki mythology in Hinduism to the suffering caused by foreign invasions.^[51] Unlike other messianic concepts, Kalki's purpose is to destroy the invaders and heretics in order to reverse the current age Kali Yuga, the age of evil.^[52]

Predictions about birth and arrival

In the Cyclic Concept Of Time (Puranic Kalpa),

Kalki's description varies with manuscripts. Some state Kalki will be born to Awejsirdenee and Bishenjun,[53] others in the family of Sumati and Vishnuyasha.^[55][56] In Buddhist manuscripts, Vishnuyasha is stated to be a prominent headman of the village called Shambhala. He will become the king, a "Turner Of The Wheel", and one who triumphs. He will eliminate all barbarians and robbers, end adharma, restart dharma, and save the good people.^[57] After that, humanity will be transformed and the golden age will begin state the Hindu manuscripts.^[57]

In the Kanchipuram temple, two relief Puranic panels depict Kalki, one relating to lunar (moon-based) dynasty as mother of Kalki and another to solar (sun-based) dynasty as father of Kalki.

Kali. He rides a white horse called Devadatta, ends evil, purifies everyone's minds and consciousness, and heralds the start of Satya Yuga.^[55]

People who claimed to be Kalki

• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, claimed to be the Kalki Avatar, as well as the Mahdi.^[58]
• In the
  Mashiach), Christianity (Messiah), Islam (Masih and Mahdi), Buddhism (Maitreya), Zoroastrianism (Shah Bahram), and other religions.^[59][60][61]
• Various Muslim missionaries in South Asia – such as Siddiq Hussain of Shia sect of Islam – seeking to convert Hindus to their sect of Islam; they either claimed themselves to be Kalki, or claimed that "all" the
  Shia Imams were Kalki, or claimed Muhammad was Kalki.^[62][63]
• Kalki Bhagavan, born Vijaykumar Naidu, born on 7 March 1949, founder of Oneness University.^[64]
• Samael Aun Weor, founder of the Universal Christian Gnostic Movement.^[65]
• Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi of Kalki Avatar Foundation.^[66]

See also

• Dashavatara
• Eschatology
• Kali
• Kalki (novel)
• Kalki Avatar and Muhammad
• Koka and Vikoka
• Lord of Light
• Mahabharata
• Mahdi
• Maitreya
• Paraclete
• Ramayana
• Second Coming
• Suchandra

References

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• Rao, Velcheru Narayana (1993). "Purana as Brahminic Ideology". In Doniger, Wendy (ed.). Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts. Albany: State University of New York Press.
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External links

• Media related to Kalki (category) at Wikimedia Commons
• Quotations related to Kalki at Wikiquote
• The dictionary definition of Narasangsa at Wiktionary
• Hinduism at
  Curlie