Kallol
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Kallol (
History
In 1921, Gokulchandra Nag, Dineshranjan Das, Sunita Debi, and Manindralal Basu set up the "Four Arts Club" at Hazra Road in Kolkata to discuss and practice literature, painting, music, and drama. The four members published an anthology of short stories in 1922 named Jhorer Dola ("The Sway of the Storm").[2]
The Four Arts Club did not last, but Dineshranjan Das and Gokulchandra Nag established a magazine and a literary circle in 1923, which they named Kallol. The regular adda, or literary discussion, would be held at Dineshranjan's house at Patuatola Lane, Kolkata.[1] The magazine folded in 1935.[3][4]
Influence
The Kallol circle was perhaps the first conscious literary movement to embrace modernism in Bengali literature. However, the general literary atmosphere was not entirely receptive of such a radical break from the critically and popularly acclaimed humanism of Tagore.[1] Another major literary establishment of the day, Shanibarer Chithi, began a famous literary feud with the young Kallol members which lasted for years. Tagore himself joined the debate and published an essay in Kallol where he mentioned that he appreciated the literary effort, but found that the demand for realistic literature was just "the flaunting of poverty" combined with the "unrestraint of lust".[1] He described the literary squabbles of the day in Shesher Kabita, where the protagonist Amit Ray is a modernist who abhors Tagore's humanism but espouses it later. The Kallol members, on the other hand, heavily influenced by Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx, did not deny that they loathed an idealist's version of a "higher" individual.[1] The discussions of the Kallol circle provided ideas for many of the progressive writers of the age.[5]
Perhaps, one of the greatest achievements of the Kallol group was in establishing a new generation of writers and thinkers in
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-563697-0.
- ISBN 978-0-19-563697-0.
- ^ "Avant-garde and modernist magazines". Monoskop. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ISBN 9780231542326.
- ISBN 978-0-19-563697-0.