Kalmar
Kalmar | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 39x xx |
Area code | (+46) 480 |
Website | kalmar |
Kalmar (
From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, Kalmar was one of Sweden's most important cities. Between 1602 and 1913 it was the
The city plays host to the Live at Heart festival, one of Sweden's largest musical showcase events.
Kalmar is adjacent to the main route to the island of Öland over the Öland Bridge.
History
The area around Kalmar has been inhabited since
In the 12th century the first foundations of a castle were established, with the construction of a round tower for guard and lookout. The tower was continuously expanded in the 13th century, and as such, Queen
In the 1540s, first King
Kalmar became a diocese of the Church of Sweden in 1603, a position it held until 1915. In 1634, Kalmar County was founded, with Kalmar as the natural capital. In 1660, the Kalmar Cathedral was begun by drawings of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder. It would be inaugurated in 1703.
In 1611–1613, it suffered in the Kalmar War, which began with a Danish siege of Kalmar Castle. 1611 is mentioned as the darkest year of Kalmar's history, but by no means the only dark year; much blood has been shed in the vicinity of the castle. The last was during the Scanian War in the 1670s, so there have been 22 sieges altogether; however the castle was never taken.
After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, the strategic importance of Kalmar gradually diminished as the borders of Sweden were redrawn further south. In 1689, the King established his main naval base further south in Karlskrona and Kalmar lost its status as one of Sweden's main military outposts.
Kalmar Cathedral
The new city of Kalmar was built on Kvarnholmen around the mid-1600s. The transfer from the old town was largely completed by 1658. The new, fortified town was planned following current
The cathedral was designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Elder and is one of the foremost examples of baroque classicism in Sweden. Its design reflects the complex interaction between the new style, liturgical considerations, tradition and the fortress-city requirements. The work began in 1660, but it was interrupted on several occasions, including when the Scanian War (1675–1679) raged. Construction resumed, and Kalmar Cathedral stood finished in 1703.
Today
In more recent times, Kalmar has been an industrial city with
Kalmar has embarked on a comprehensive program to reduce fossil fuel use. A local trucking firm, which employs nearly 450 people, has installed computers that track fuel efficiency and have cut diesel use by 10 percent, paying off the cost of the devices in just a year. The company is now looking to fuel its future fleet with biodiesel.[4]
A large
In 2011 Guldfågeln Arena was initiated. It is the new stadium of the football team of the city, Kalmar FF. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 people and it is currently one of the newest stadiums in Sweden. The stadium was also built to host concerts and did so in the summer of 2011 when Swedish artists Håkan Hellström and The Ark performed.
Climate
Kalmar has an oceanic climate using the -3°C isotherm or a warm-summer humid continental climate using the 0°C isotherm.[6] Summers are warm and winters are fairly cold with temperatures normally hovering around zero. Kalmar is among the hottest Swedish cities, with an all-time record set at 35.2 °C (95.4 °F).[7] The average summer temperatures however are typical for southern Sweden.
Climate data for Kalmar (2002–2020); extremes since 1901 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
35.2 (95.4) |
33.1 (91.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
35.2 (95.4) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
2.8 (37.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.2 (43.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
4.6 (40.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
8.0 (46.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
4.6 (40.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
3.8 (38.9) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −14.9 (5.2) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−17.7 (0.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −31.0 (−23.8) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−27.6 (−17.7) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.3 (1.43) |
33.9 (1.33) |
27.1 (1.07) |
24.8 (0.98) |
37.8 (1.49) |
42.1 (1.66) |
75.3 (2.96) |
60.2 (2.37) |
32.9 (1.30) |
53.4 (2.10) |
57.1 (2.25) |
42.3 (1.67) |
523.2 (20.61) |
Source 1: SMHI[8] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002–2020[9] OGIMET[10] |
Gallery
History
-
The seal of Kalmar, 13th century
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Engraving fromSuecia antiqua et hodierna, circa 1700
-
Town plan, 1906
Main sights
-
Town hall
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In 1972, the 6 km (4 mi) longÖland bridge was built from Kalmar to the town of Färjestaden on Öland
-
Kalmar County Museum
General views
-
Main square
-
Houses on the main square
-
Street in Kalmar
-
Square in Kalmar
-
Scenic photograph of Kalmar Castle in the summer sun
-
Mermaid sculpture Kalmar
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Kalmar:
- Kalmar FF
- Lindsdals IF
- Kalmar AIK
- IFK Berga
- IFK Kalmar
- Kalmar Södra IF
Notable people
- Khamzat Chimaev - UFC Fighter
- Mikael Adolphson – historian
- Charlotta Djurström – theatre director
- Helena Josefsson – musician, lead singer in Sandy Mouche
- industrialist
- Jangir Maddadi – designer living in Kalmar
- Carl Gustaf Mosander – chemist who discovered lanthanum, erbium, terbium
- Anna-Stina Nilstoft – painter
- Jenny Nyström – painter and illustrator
- Henrik Strindberg – composer
- Hans Villius – historian
Twin towns – sister cities
Kalmar is
- Árborg, Iceland
- Arendal, Norway
- Entebbe, Uganda
- Gdańsk, Poland
- Kaliningrad, Russia
- Panevėžys, Lithuania
- Samsun, Turkey
- Savonlinna, Finland
- Silkeborg, Denmark
- Wilmington, United States
- Wismar, Germany
See also
- Kalmar Municipality
- Kalmar Airport
- Kalmar Verkstad
- Spawn of Possession
- Linnaeus University
- Kalmar Nyckel, historical ship named after the city of Kalmar
- Kalmar FF, premier division football club from the city
- Ragnarök
Notes
- ^ a b c "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ "Kalmar"[dead link] (US) and "Kalmar". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022.
- ^ "Kalmar". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ a b c Going green: Entire Swedish city switches to biofuels to become environmentally friendly Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Kalmar, Sweden Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly Weather Data - July 2014 (all-time records section)" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ "SMHI Open Data" (in Swedish). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Yearly and Monthly Statistics" (in Swedish). SMHI. 3 June 2021.
- ^ "02670: Kalmar Flygplats (Sweden)". OGIMET. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Våra vänorter". kalmar.se. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
References
- (in Swedish) Article Kalmar, Nordisk familjebok, Kalmar domkyrkas historia
External links
- Kalmar Municipality – Official site
- iKalmar – a social network for citizens of Kalmar
- Kalmar Castle
- Kalmar City – pictures from nightlife in Kalmar
- University of Kalmar
- Barometern Oskarshamns-Tidningen – daily newspaper from Kalmar and Oskarshamn