Kamal Adham

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Kamal Adham
Turki Al Faisal
Personal details
Born
Kamal Ibrahim Adham

1929
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

Kamal Adham (

King Khalid
.

Early life and education

Kamal Adham was born in

Albanian origin.[3] His mother, Asia, was Turkish.[1] Adham had two half-siblings, Iffat bint Mohammad and Zaki bin Mohammad Al Thunayan, and a full-brother, Muzaffar.[3]

Adham went to Jeddah with his father when he was one year old.[1][2] He was raised by King Faisal, spouse of his sister Iffat.[4]

Adham studied at Victoria College in Alexandria and then at Trinity College, Cambridge.[5]

Career

Kamal Adham joined the Saudi government as the chief of external intelligence agency in 1964.

King Khalid's term.[10]

Adham served as royal counsellor to King Faisal and then, to King Khalid.[11][12][13] Adham was among the close advisors to King Khalid from 1975 to 19 January 1979.[8]

King Faisal with Anwar Sadat and Kamal Adham in Cairo in the early 1970s

Activities as the GIP head

Adham was very crucial in improving the Saudi Arabia's relations with the United Kingdom which had become tense after the

Nixon.[18]

Adham acted as a liaison between the GIP, which reported to the king, and the US administration.[19] Additionally he was the primary liaison of the CIA for the Middle East as a whole from the mid-1960s to 1979 when he left the GIP.[14] He fostered and maintained nascent ties with several Arab intelligence services, as many were slowly creating independent institutions to serve their respective governments. Adham closely worked with George H. W. Bush, who was appointed CIA director in 1976.[20][21]

Adham signed the charter of the

anti-communist foreign policy initiative on behalf of Saudi Arabia that was proposed and realized by French intelligence chief Alexandre de Marenches in 1976.[22] The other participating countries of the Club were Egypt, Iran and Morocco.[23] The first meeting of the group was held in Saudi Arabia in 1976.[22] Adham became a significant figure in the Club and worked for it for a long time.[2]

Business activities

Adham also had business activities, for which he used his connections with the House of Saud.[21] His business dealings began in 1957, long before his post as the head of the GIP.[2]

He founded the Kamal Adham Group in Saudi Arabia, which became one of the biggest companies in the country.[24][25] Raymond Close, a former CIA station chief in Saudi Arabia, left CIA and began to work for Adham in 1977 when he was the head of the GIP.[2][26] Adham was also one of the major shareholders of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI).[27] In 1972, he met the founder of the BCCI, Agha Hasan Abedi.[2] The same year Adham founded a contracting firm, Almabani, in Saudi Arabia.[28]

He was one of the early shareholders of the influential media company,

Jihan Sadat, and other members of the Sadat family.[2] In 1978, Adham founded a construction company, Freyssinet, in Saudi Arabia.[30] Adham along with Adnan Khashoggi was one of the founders of the gold company, Barrick Gold Corporation that was established in 1983.[31]

In 2001, his son Mishaal was named as the chairman of the Kamal Adham Group.[24]

Controversy

In 1961 Saudi oil minister Abdullah Tariki claimed on evidence that Adham, who was dealing with business at that time, got 2% of the profits from the Arabian Oil Company that had been cofounded by Saudi Arabia and Japan.[32] On 23 January 1962 the ministry reported that the secret agreement between Adham and the Arabian Oil Company had been cancelled.[33] As a result of this clash Tariki was removed from the office in March 1962.[34]

Adham involved in the huge BCCI scandal at the beginning of the 1990s.[35] The US prosecutors accused him of playing a key role in the secret and illegal takeover of First American bank by BCCI.[14][36] Adham and Sayed Al Jawhary agreed to pay a staggering amount of $105 million fine in return for a reduced sentence.[37][4] As a result of this incident, Adham was barred from the finance sector.[37]

Personal life and death

Kamal Adham wed in 1957 and fathered four children, three sons and a daughter.[38] His wife, Nadia, was from the Samaqiyya family of Syrian and Egyptian origins.[38] One of Adham's mansions was in Marbella where other senior Saudi and Gulf royals have owned properties.[39]

Kamal Adham died of a heart attack in Cairo on 29 October 1999.[10][11] He was 71.[40] His body was brought back to Saudi Arabia for burial.[41]

Adham was fluent in four languages, namely

French.[1][42]

Awards and legacy

Adham was awarded the

Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1967 when he was part of King Faisal's entourage in his state visit to the United Kingdom.[38]

The Kamal Adham Center for Television and Digital Journalism was founded under the American University in Cairo in 1985. The center was financially supported by Kamal Adham who was a member of Board of Trustees of the University.[43]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Joseph A. Kechichian (12 February 2010). "The man behind the scenes". Gulf News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  2. ^ .
  3. ^ a b Joseph A. Kéchichian (20 January 2012). "Self-assurance in the face of military might". Gulf News. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. ^ a b c David Leigh; Rob Evans (8 June 2007). "BAE Files: Kamal Adham". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Obituary. Kamal Adham". The Daily Telegraph. 11 November 1999. p. 31. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  6. ^ Dean Baquet (30 July 1992). "After Plea Bargain by Sheik, Question Is What He Knows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  7. ^ "Prince Nawaf new intelligence chief". Arab News. 1 September 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  8. ^ a b Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs (1789-1975). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 68.
  9. ProQuest 303295482
    .
  10. ^ a b "Kamal Adham". Edward Fox. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  11. ^ a b "Adham Center Founder Sheikh Kamal Adham Remembered". Adham Center. 15 December 1999. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  12. ^ Nick Luddington (5 April 1975). "King Faisal's eight sons". Lewiston Evening Journal. Jeddah. AP. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  13. The News-Dispatch
    . Washington, DC. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  14. ^ a b c "BCCI, the CIA and foreign intelligence". Federation of American Scientists. 1992.
  15. ^ .
  16. ^ "Obituaries in the News". AP. Riyadh. 30 October 1999. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  17. ProQuest 303523652
    .
  18. ^ a b Joseph Trento; Susan Trento (27 July 2009). "The United States and Iran: The Secret History Part One: Carter and the Shah". DC Bureau. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  19. ^ "The ghost of a Saudi billionaire haunts U.S. war on terror". The United Jerusalem Foundation. 13 June 2002. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  20. ^ "Bush: Middle East ties deserve to be part of 2004 political debate". Eugene Register Guard. 18 January 2004. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  21. ^ .
  22. ^ .
  23. .
  24. ^ a b Saud Al Tuwaim (18 February 2001). "Mishaal gets control of Adham Group". Arab News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  25. ^ "Kamal Adham Group". Zawya. 27 August 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  26. ^ "Dangerous Times". The New York Sun. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  27. ^ Christopher Byron (28 October 1991). "The Senate look at BCCI". New York Magazine: 20–21.
  28. ^ Christopher Sell (17 March 2010). "Almabani General Contractors" (PDF). Almabani. Archived from the original (Press release) on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  29. ^ Jon B. Alterman (1998). "New Media New Politics?" (PDF). The Washington Institute. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  30. ^ "KSA's Big 25 list of construction companies". Construction Weekly. 31 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  31. .
  32. .
  33. .
  34. .
  35. ^ "Adham The Untouchable". New York Magazine: 25–26. 7 October 1991.
  36. ^ Dean Baquet (28 December 1993). "Saudis Pay $225 Million To Settle a B.C.C.I. Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  37. ^ .
  38. ^ a b c "Kamal Adham". The Times. No. 66684. 29 November 1999. p. 21. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  39. ^ Christopher Clover (22 January 2014). "Marbella of the 1970's: Our First Years". Panorama Marbella. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Kamal Adham, 71, an adviser to the late Saudi Kings Faisal". The Baltimore Sun. 1 November 1999. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  41. ^ "Saudi advisor to Kings dies". Associated Press News. Riyadh. 30 October 1999. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  42. .
  43. ^ "The Kamal Adham Center for Television and Digital Journalism". The American University in Cairo. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

External links