Kanembu people

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Kanembu
كَنٜݦُ
Chari-Baguirmi)
Languages
Kanembu, Chadian Arabic, French
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Kanuri and Toubou

The Kanembu are an

Arabic
and sometimes nowadays French as a second language.

Etymology

The word Kanembu means "the people [bu] of Kanem."[5]

History

Kanembu chief, ca. 1851

For over a thousand years the

Kanem-Bornu Empire was a dominant power over central North Africa. Its sphere of influence covered Eastern Nigeria and Niger, the Northern half of Chad, Cameroon, and Libya. Its inhabitants traded with Egypt and sponsored Islamic schools as far as Alexandria. Its camel caravans reached the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Until the beginning of the 1900s and the French conquest of this area, the Kanem-Bornu Empire was the major power in the heart of central North Africa.[citation needed
]

At the end of the twelfth century, the Kanembu moved into what is today

Kanem Empire. The peak of this early kingdom came with the rule of Mai (King) Dunama Dabbalemi of the Sayfawa dynasty, who reigned from 1221 to 1259. He was the first of the Kanembu to convert to Islam, he declared jihad against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest. After consolidating their territory around Lake Chad they struck north at the Fezzan and west at the Hausa lands.[citation needed
]

By the end of the fourteenth century, however, internal division had severely weakened the Kanem empire, forcing the Sayfawa dynasty to relocate to Borno on the western shore of Lake Chad. The intermarriage of the Kanem with the local people of this area created a new ethnic group, the Kanuri; the Kanembu retain close family ties with the Kanuri to this day.[2]

Today the Kanembu people are one group of the descendants of this once highly successful empire, and their sultans and traditional rulers are still more influential than government authorities. Along with the related language group Kanuri, they make up the majority population found in a band between the Northern shores of Lake Chad and the Sahara Desert. Their culture of housing and clothing hasn't changed much since the imperial period.[citation needed]

Economy

The Kanembu are Chad's merchant tribe. 75 to 80% of all merchants in Chad are Kanembu, making them, one of Chad's wealthiest groups. They are a sedentary group who also engage in agriculture and raising livestock. Wheat, millet and corn are raised near the lake, but as the country is landlocked and has a poor road system, little agricultural trade has developed. As they live on the edge of the Sahara, famine is also a frequent threat to them with rain only coming during July, August and part of September.[citation needed]

Genetics

According to one study, just one (

Y-DNA haplogroup brougt by Baggara Arabs makes up 50% of the Kanembu.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Chad". 24 August 2023.
  2. ^ a b US Country Studies: Chad
  3. ^ "Chad". 24 August 2023.
  4. ^ Ethnologue entry on Kanembu
  5. JSTOR 24283579
    .
  6. PMID 30259956
    .

External links
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