Kappa organism
In biology, Kappa organism or Kappa particle refers to inheritable
symbionts, occurring in some strains of the ciliate Paramecium. Paramecium strains possessing the particles are known as "killer paramecia". They liberate a substance also known as paramecin[1][2] into the culture medium that is lethal to Paramecium that do not contain kappa particles. Kappa particles are found in genotypes of Paramecium aurelia syngen 2 that carry the dominant gene K.[3][4]
Kappa particles are
Giemsa after acid hydrolysis. The length of the particles is 0.2–0.5μ.[5]
While there was initial confusion over the status of kappa particles as
organelles,[6] or mere nucleoprotein,[7] the particles are intracellular bacterial symbionts called Caedibacter taeniospiralis.[8] Caedibacter taeniospiralis contains cytoplasmic protein inclusions called R bodies
which act as a toxin delivery system.
References
- ^ Sonneborn, T. M. (1950). "Paramecium in modern biology". BIOS. 21 (1): 31–43.
- PMID 14119554.
- ISBN 0-582-22708-9.
- ISBN 0-387-07668-9.
- PMID 14780133.
- ^ Kappa Particles in mediLexicon
- ^ Kappa Particles in McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Dictionary
- PMID 2651865.
External links
- Preer, L. B.; Jurand, A.; Preer Jr, J. R.; Rudman, B. M. (1972). "The classes of kappa in Paramecium aurelia". Journal of Cell Science. 11 (2): 581–600. PMID 5076362.
- Preer Jr, J. R.; Preer, L. B.; Jurand, A. (1974). "Kappa and other endosymbionts in Paramecium aurelia". Bacteriological Reviews. 38 (2): 113–163. PMID 4599970.
See also