Kapudan Pasha

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Hayreddin Barbarossa, Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Navy.

The Kapudan Pasha (

navy of the Ottoman Empire. Typically, he was based at Galata and Gallipoli during the winter and charged with annual sailings during the summer months.[1] The title of Kapudan Pasha itself is only attested from 1567 onwards; earlier designations for the supreme commander of the fleet include Derya Bey ("bey of the sea") and Re'is Kapudan ("head captain").[2]

The title Derya Bey as an official rank within the Ottoman state structure originated during the reign of

sanjak of Gallipoli (the principal Turkish naval base) and the kazas of Galata (until the Conquest a Genovese colony) and of İzmit (whose tax remittance consisted of ship timber).[1]

The success of

two-horsetail vizier for several centuries.[1]

Naval flag of the Kapudan Pasha.[3]

The official residence of the Kapudan Pasha was in the Divankhane in the

tax farmers (iltizam).[2]

The heyday of the post of Kapudan Pasha came in the 16th century, when a succession of capable holders brought Ottoman naval power to its height, and for a time ensured its supremacy in the Mediterranean.[2] Although in theory the post could only be filled by a serving admiral (Kapudan-i Hümayun), a chief of the Imperial Arsenal (Tersane Kethüdasi) or, at the very least, by the sanjak-bey of Rhodes, from the turn of the 17th century the appointment of court favourites and/or persons lacking in military or naval experience marked the beginning of Ottoman naval decline.[2]

Nasuhzade Ali Pasha, Kapudan Pasha during the early stages of the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s

As a part of the

Tanzimat reforms of 1839-1876, the Eyalet of the Archipelago was reduced in rank and granted to the wali
of Rhodes in 1848. The Kapudan Pashas retained their rank, but were thereafter solely military servicemen.

A total of 161 captains served until 13 March 1867 when the post of Derya Kaptan was abolished[4] and replaced by ministers (Bahriye Nazırı) of the Ottoman Naval Ministry. After 1877, these were replaced by the Fleet Commanders.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol. 1, pp. 131 ff. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 1976. Accessed 12 Sept 2011.
  2. ^
    OCLC 758278456
    .
  3. ^ Le Gras, Alexandre; le Gras, M.A. (1858). Album des pavillons, guidons, flammes de toutes les puissances maritimes [Album of the Flags, Guidons, Penoles of all the Maritime Powers] (in French). Au Dépot des cartes et plans de la marine. p. 65.
  4. ISBN 1-55750-659-0
    - "From 13 March 1867 the position of Derya Kaptan was abolished[...]."

Further reading
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