Karaikal
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Karaikal
Karikal | |
---|---|
Town | |
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 609602 |
Telephone code | +91-04368 |
Vehicle registration | PY 02 |
Website | www |
Karaikal (
Etymology
The origin of the word Karaikal is uncertain. The Imperial Gazetteer of British India gives its meaning as 'fish pass'. Both the words 'Karai' and 'Kal' have several meanings, of which the more acceptable ones are 'lime mix' and 'canal' respectively. Hence it has been suggested that the name may mean a canal built of lime mix, however, no trace of such a canal is evident.
Geography
Karaikal is a small coastal enclave which was formerly part of
The main branches of Kaveri below Grand Anicut are the Kudamurutti, Arasalar, Virasolanar and the Vikramanar. Although Arasalar and its branches spread through Karaikal, the waters of Kudamurutti and Virasolanar also meet the irrigation needs of the region.
Forming a part of the fertile Kaveri delta, the region is completely covered by the distributaries of Cauveri. Covered completely by a thick mantle of alluvium of variable thickness, the lie of the region is flat having a gentle slope towards the Bay of Bengal in the east. It is limited on the north by the Nandalar and on the south-east by the Vettar. The group of rocks known as Cuddalore formations is met with in the area contiguous to Karaikal region in Nagapattinam district.
Climate
Climate data for Karaikal (1981–2010, extremes 1973–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
40.7 (105.3) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.6 (106.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.2 (102.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.9 (98.4) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.7 (90.9) |
42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 47.8 (1.88) |
36.5 (1.44) |
24.4 (0.96) |
24.9 (0.98) |
51.2 (2.02) |
51.1 (2.01) |
45.5 (1.79) |
87.6 (3.45) |
104.0 (4.09) |
269.7 (10.62) |
487.5 (19.19) |
233.9 (9.21) |
1,464.3 (57.65) |
Average rainy days | 2.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 8.4 | 55.9 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
75 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 66 | 67 | 70 | 76 | 78 | 81 | 79 | 73 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[3][4] |
Governance
The District Collector is the official representative to the Lieutenant Governor and Chief Co-ordinator and Liaison Officer to all Government departments of Karaikal district. District Collectorate, Karaikal is the functional headquarters of Karaikal District.
Karaikal region is made up of Karaikal municipality and the Communes of
- Nedungadu
- Kottucherry
- Neravy
- Thirunallar
- Tirumalarajanpattinam
- Poovam
- Varichikudy
Demographics
As of the
Culture
Economy
Most of the people in town are office goers and industrial workers. There are a number of iron and steel rolling mills, spinning mills, tiles, polythene, rubber and chemical industries in Karaikal. Other common sources of the people's income come from business. The prominent source of income of this district is agriculture and fishing. Karaikal is a coastal town with a total coastline of 26 kilometres (16 miles). There are 12 big fishing hamlets and around more than 25,000 fishermen (6,000 families) are living in these coastal villages. Their main employment is fishing, exporting and fishing related activities. The other main source is the liquor business, the tax being less and the cost almost half when compared to the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. Karaikal is one of the towns in South India with high cost of living due to French NRI's presence. Thousands of families of origin of Karaikal live in France. The ONGC's office Kaveri rig is at Karaikal.[8]
Transport
Airways
Karaikal Airport is being constructed as a greenfield project. It is the first airport in the country built entirely with private capital. The project received in-principle clearance from the Ministry of Civil Aviation in February 2011. Karaikal Airport's Air Traffic Control, however, will be operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI). The Airport, spread across 562 acres (227 ha), is being developed by Karaikal Airport Private Limited, a subsidiary of Super Airport Private Limited. The first phase of construction includes construction of a 1200-metre runway and a terminal building capable of handling 120 passengers during peak hours. The airport is expected to handle regional turboprop airliners like the ATR-42. The company plans to expand the airport after five years, extending the runway to 2,600 metres (8,500 feet) and increasing terminal building capacity to 500 passengers per hour. A further expansion is planned ten years down the line with a 3500-metre runway and a passenger capacity of 1,000 per hour.
Seaways
The recent warming of
Roadways
The National Highway NH 32 connects Chennai and Thoothukudi, passes through Karaikal. It is located at the distance 297 km (185 mi) from Chennai, 132 km (82 mi) from Puducherry, 154 km (96 mi) from Tiruchirapalli, 57 km (35 mi) from Kumbakonam and 20 km (12 mi) from Nagapattinam. Karaikal is connected with both National Highways and State Highways. Both Gov't. and Private buses available from Karaikal to Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Kumbakonam, Mayiladuthurai, Puducherry, Cuddalore, Chidambaram.
Railways
Karaikal having rail line connected from Tiruchirapalli via Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, and Nagore. Presently Rails are available from Karaikal to Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Ernakulam, Tiruchirapalli, Tanjore, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Nagore, Velanganni and currently Karaikal to Peralam Railway line work is under progress.
Education
According to the 2001 Census, Karaikal has literacy rate of 83%. There is a wide network of Educational Institutions right from the Elementary level to Collegiate level in Karaikal region.
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) was established in Karaikal in 2016 with an initial intake of 50 students. The students are selected through entrance exams conducted nationwide.
Notable people
See also
- French India
- French colonial empire
- French East India Company
- Municipal Administration in French India
- Marakkar
- Karaikal Carnival
- Serumavilangai
References
- ^ http://www.karaikal.gov.in/DistrictProfile/AAG_General.htm [dead link]
- ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Station: Karaikal Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 391–392. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M196. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "2011 Census of India: Search Details - Karaikal". Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ISBN 978-81-260-1645-7.
- ^ "Thirunallar Temple Website -". www.thirunallar.org.
- ^ "ONGC :: Contact Us :: ONGC Offices". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
- ^ a b Krishnamoorthy, R. (7 July 2021). "Karaikal-Jaffna Ferry Service Boost Tourism-". The Hindu.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "Ferry service between India and Sri Lanka begins from Nagapattinam to Kankesanthurai". newsonair.gov.in. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
External links
- Official website
- www.KaraikalPort.com