Karim Sanjabi

the University of Tehran.^[2]

CIA-MI6 coup d'état overthrew Mossadegh in August 1953, Sanjabi, along with other Mossadegh supporters, went into opposition against the Shah's regime. He was heavily involved in the formation of the Second National Front in 1960. The reconstituted National Front was to remain active for five years, but under increasingly worsening circumstances. Despite its moderate^{[according to whom?]} demands for electoral reforms and a Shah that would "reign and not rule", the Shah refused to tolerate the Front's activities. His powerful security forces, most notably the SAVAK, silenced the likes of Sanjabi and other secular democrats. Due to this and a variety of other factors, it had dissolved by 1965. The Front was to remain dormant until the late 1970s. It was revived in late 1977 by Sanjabi as its leader.^[4]

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in France.^[5] He had gone there hoping to convince Khomeini to support the creation of a coalition government headed by the National Front. Despite the rising revolutionary fervor, Sanjabi and many other liberals had remained loyal to the idea of a constitutional monarchy with the Shah as ceremonial figurehead and they wished to bring Khomeini over to their point of view. Khomeini, however, refused to budge and reiterated his demand for the overthrow of the monarchy. In the end, Sanjabi, acting as head of the National Front, capitulated to Khomeini's demands. In addition, he accepted the leadership of Khomeini and opposed to the alliance with the Tudeh party.^[6] Sanjabi emerged from his meeting "with a short declaration that spoke of both Islam and democracy as basic principles",^[7] and Sanjabi declared his support for Khomeini and joined his forces.^[5]

Shahpour Bakhtiar for accepting the Prime minister position offer by the Shah. He was replaced by Ebrahim Yazdi as minister of foreign affairs in April.^[8][9]