Karin dialect

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The spread of the Karin dialect
  today[1]            before 1915–1920[2]
not all areas where the Karin dialect was/is spoken had/have Armenian majority

The Karin dialect (Armenian: Կարնոյ բարբառ, Karno barbař) is a Western Armenian dialect originally spoken in and around the city of Erzurum (called Karin by Armenians), now located in eastern Turkey.

Before

Kars Oblast of the Russian Empire. After the Armenian genocide of 1915, most of Erzurum's Armenian population took refuge to the Russian-controlled parts of Armenia. The city of Kars and its Russian oblast became part of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918, but was occupied by Kemalist Turkey as a result of the Turkish–Armenian War
in fall 1920.

Today, it is one of the most widely spoken Western Armenian dialects, most of which became virtually extinct after the genocide.

Samtskhe-Javakheti province.[4]

History

According to Prof. Haykanush Mesropyan of the Armenian State Institute of Linguistics, the first reference to the provincial dialect (զբառսն զեզերականս) dates back to the 8th century work by Stepanos Syunetsi, who refers to it as զՍպերացն zSperatsn "of Sper". The dialect was also mentioned in the 13th century by Hovhannes Yerznkatsi and in the 17th century by Hakob Karnetsi.[1] In 1887, Alexander Thomson,[5] in his Linguistic studies (Лингвистические исследования) briefly discussed the Akhaltsikhe dialect.[1]

Area spoken

Akhaltsikh
population: 15,000
60% Armenian (1897)[9]

According to the prominent Armenian linguist

Javakhk (in and around the cities of Akhalkalak and Akhaltsikh) and Shirak.[11][12]

Today

In the Republic of Armenia, Karin dialect is chiefly spoken in the cities of

Aragats and Nor Artik. Residents of three villages in northern Aragatsotn (Geghadzor, Lernapar, Geghadir) also speak in Karin dialect. Karin dialect is spoken in the villages of Martuni (Gegharkunik), Urtsadzor (Ararat), Buzhakan and Kaputan in Kotayk.[1]

The Karin dialect is also spoken by the

Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia.[4]

Pronunciation

Hrachia Adjarian called the pronunciation of Karin dialect "soft and pleasing."[14] According to him, the dialect has three degrees of consonants, mutated as follows:[15][16]

բ [bʰ] — պ [b] — փ [pʰ]
դ [dʰ] — տ [d] — թ [tʰ]
գ [ɡʰ] — կ [ɡ] — ք [kʰ]
ձ [dzʰ] — ծ [dz] — ց [tsʰ]
ջ [dʒʰ] — ճ [dʒ] — չ [tʃʰ]

Famous speakers

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b c d Mesropyan, Haykanush. "Հայրենակցական միութիւնները և հայերէնի բարբառները (Patriotic associations and Armenian dialects)" (in Armenian). Armenian State Institute of Linguistics. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  2. Classification des dialectes arméniens can be seen here
  3. ISBN 9780080877754
    . The destruction of the Armenian homeland and more than a million Armenians by the Ottoman government in 1915–1920 rendered most nonstadard varieties of modern Armenian moribund; with few exceptions the Armenians in the diaspora (primarily Lebanon, France, and notably in the Los Angeles area of the United States) speak only Standard Western Armenian.
  4. ^
    ISBN 9781568591513
    . Thus, even today the Erzerum dialect is widely spoken in the northernmost districts of the Armenian republic as well as in the Akhalkalak (Javakheti; Javakhk) and Akhaltskha (Akhaltsikh) districts of southern Georgia
  5. ^ "Alexander Thomson, a prominent Russian linguist and the first phonetics researcher in Odessa, was born 150 years ago". The press service of the I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  6. ^ Hakobyan, Tadevos (1987). Պատմական Հայաստանի քաղաքները (Cities of historical Armenia) (in Armenian). Yerevan: "Hayastan" Publishing. p. 163–164.
  7. 1897 Russian Census
    Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  8. 1897 Russian Census
    Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  9. 1897 Russian Census
    Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  10. ^ Adjarian 1909, pp. 44–45:Le centre de ce grand dialecte, celebre par sa prononciation douce et agreable, est la ville d'Erzeroum. Il' s'etend au sud jusqu'a Xnus, a l'ouest jusqu'a Erzinghan et Baiburt; les grandes emigrations d'Armeniens d'Erzeroum pendant la derniere guerre russo-turque on elargi les frontiers de ce dialecte a l'est at au nord jusqu'a Eerivan et Tiflis. Quatre autres villes du Caucase (Kars, Alexandropol, Axalkalak et Axalcxa) ont ete fondees par ces emigrants et ont actuellement tout a fait le meme dialecte que les habitants d'Erzeroum.
    The center of this great dialect, famous for its soft and pleasing pronunciation, is the city of Erzurum. It 'extends south until Xnus, west and up Erzinghan Baiburt, large emigrations of Armenians of Erzurum during the last Russo-Turkish war on the frontiers of this broadened dialect is at the north to Eerivan and Tiflis. Four other cities of the Caucasus (Kars, Alexandropol Axalkalak and Axalcxa) were founded by these emigrants and currently have quite the same dialect as the people of Erzurum.
  11. ISBN 9780231511339
    .
  12. ISBN 9780203641682
    .
  13. ^ Baghdassarian-Thapaltsian, S. H. (1970). "OA Portal in Armenia" Շիրակի դաշտավայրի բարբառային նկարագիրը. Լրաբեր հասարակական գիտությունների (Bulletin of Social Sciences) (in Armenian) (6): 51–60. Retrieved 24 March 2013. {{cite journal}}: External link in |journal= (help)
  14. ^ Adjarian 1909, p. 45.
  15. ^ Adjarian 1909, pp. 46.
  16. ^ Hodgson, Katherine. "Armenian Dialects".
Bibliography
  • Classification des dialectes arméniens
    (in French). Paris: Librairie Honore Champion.
  • Mkrtchyan, H. (1952). Կարնո բարբառը [Karin dialect]. Yerevan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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