Karl Barth
Karl Barth | |
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University of Berlin University of Tübingen | |
Notable work | |
Title | Theologian, professor |
Spouse |
Nelly Hoffmann (m. 1913) |
Children | 5, including Swiss Reformed Church |
Theological work | |
Era | 20th century |
Tradition or movement |
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Part of a series on |
Reformed Christianity |
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Reformed Christianity portal |
Karl Barth (
Like many Protestant theologians of his generation, Barth was educated in a liberal theology influenced by Adolf von Harnack, Friedrich Schleiermacher and others.[8] His pastoral career began in the rural Swiss town of Safenwil, where he was known as the "Red Pastor from Safenwil".[9] There he became increasingly disillusioned with the liberal Christianity in which he had been trained. This led him to write the first edition of his The Epistle to the Romans (a.k.a. Romans I), published in 1919, in which he resolved to read the New Testament differently.
Barth began to gain substantial worldwide acclaim with the publication in 1921 of the second edition of his commentary, The Epistle to the Romans, in which he openly broke from liberal theology.[10]
He influenced many significant theologians such as Dietrich Bonhoeffer who supported the Confessing Church, and Jürgen Moltmann, Helmut Gollwitzer, James H. Cone, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Rudolf Bultmann, Thomas F. Torrance, Hans Küng, and also Reinhold Niebuhr, Jacques Ellul, and novelists such as Flannery O'Connor, John Updike, and Miklós Szentkuthy.
Among many other areas, Barth has also had a profound influence on modern Christian ethics,[11][12][13][14] influencing the work of ethicists such as Stanley Hauerwas, John Howard Yoder, Jacques Ellul and Oliver O'Donovan.[11][15][16]
Early life and education
Karl Barth was born on 10 May 1886, in
From 1911 to 1921, Barth served as a
Break from Liberal theology
Liberal theology (German, moderne Theologie) was a trend in nineteenth and early twentieth-century Protestant theology to reinterpret traditional beliefs in two ways. First, it adopted an historical-critical approach to the sources of Christianity. Second, it engaged with the questions that science, philosophy and other disciplines raised for the Christian faith.
In August 1914, Barth was dismayed to learn that his venerated teachers including Adolf von Harnack had signed the "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three German Intellectuals to the Civilized World".[22] As a result, Barth concluded he could not follow their understanding of the Bible and history any longer.[23] In 1915, Barth and Thurneysen visited Christoph Blumhardt, Leader of the Bad Boll Christian Community and Social Democratic politician. Their conversation made a deep impression on Barth. He later commented that "Blumhardt always begins with God's presence, power, and purpose,"[24] which indicates a likely influence in shaping his own theocentric starting-point. Barth also found in Blumhardt's pro-Socialist politics an inspiring encouragement for his own advocacy for the rights and unionization of Safenwil textile workers and alignment with Social Democratic values. These activities, and a public disagreement with a local factory owner, earned him local notoriety as the 'Red Pastor'.[25]
Barth's theological response was to adopt a Dialectical approach in which he deliberately sought to interrupt and destabilize the assumptions of Liberal theology by a method of negation and affirmation. In a lecture delivered in Arau in 1916, Barth argued that "God's righteousness is revealed like a trumpet blast from another world that interrupts one's obligation to nation, and also interrupts the nurturing of religious thoughts and feelings. A 'No' to these assumptions knocks one to the floor, but a 'Yes' to God's righteousness and glory sets one on one's feet again."[26] Although in one sense it is accurate to say that Barth's Dialectical approach sought deliberately to destabilize the assumptions of Liberal theology; in another sense it is important to acknowledge that Barth never totally repudiated the historical-critical approach to the Scriptures. In addition, he continued to engage with the questions that other disciplines raised for the Christian faith, typically responding with a robust theological and Christ-centered approach.
The Epistle to the Romans
Barth first began his commentary The Epistle to the Romans (German: Der Römerbrief) in the summer of 1916 while he was still a pastor in Safenwil, with the first edition appearing in December 1918 (but with a publication date of 1919).[9] On the strength of the first edition of the commentary, Barth was invited to teach at the University of Göttingen. Barth decided around October 1920 that he was dissatisfied with the first edition and heavily revised it the following eleven months, finishing the second edition around September 1921.[9][27] Particularly in the thoroughly re-written second edition of 1922, Barth argued that the God who is revealed in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus challenges and overthrows any attempt to ally God with human cultures, achievements, or possessions. The book's popularity led to its republication and reprinting in several languages.
Barmen Declaration
In 1934, as the Protestant Church attempted to come to terms with Nazi Germany, Barth was largely responsible for the writing of the Barmen Declaration (Barmer Erklärung).[28] This declaration rejected the influence of Nazism on German Christianity by arguing that the Church's allegiance to the God of Jesus Christ should give it the impetus and resources to resist the influence of other lords, such as the German Führer, Adolf Hitler.[29] Barth mailed this declaration to Hitler personally. This was one of the founding documents of the Confessing Church and Barth was elected a member of its leadership council, the Bruderrat.
He was forced to resign from his professorship at the
Church Dogmatics
Barth's theology found its most sustained and compelling expression in his five-volume magnum opus, the Church Dogmatics (Kirchliche Dogmatik). Widely regarded as an important theological work, the Church Dogmatics represents the pinnacle of Barth's achievement as a theologian. Church Dogmatics runs to over six million words and 9,000 pages – one of the longest works of systematic theology ever written.[32][33][34] The Church Dogmatics is in five volumes: the Doctrine of the Word of God, the Doctrine of God, the Doctrine of Creation, the Doctrine of Reconciliation and the Doctrine of Redemption. Barth's planned fifth volume was never written and the fourth volume's final part-volume was unfinished.[35][36][37]
Later life and death
After the end of the
Barth wrote a 1960 article for The Christian Century regarding the "East–West question" in which he denied any inclination toward Eastern communism and stated he did not wish to live under Communism or wish anyone to be forced to do so; he acknowledged a fundamental disagreement with most of those around him, writing: "I do not comprehend how either politics or Christianity require [sic] or even permit such a disinclination to lead to the conclusions which the West has drawn with increasing sharpness in the past 15 years. I regard anticommunism as a matter of principle an evil even greater than communism itself."[40]
In 1962, Barth visited the United States and lectured at
Barth was featured on the cover of the 20 April 1962 issue of
Barth died on 10 December 1968, at his home in Basel, Switzerland. The evening before his death, he had encouraged his lifelong friend Eduard Thurneysen that he should not be downhearted, "For things are ruled, not just in Moscow or in Washington or in Peking, but things are ruled – even here on earth—entirely from above, from heaven above."[46]
Theology
Karl Barth's most significant theological work is his summa theology titled the Church Dogmatics, which contains Barth's doctrine of the word of God, doctrine of God, doctrine of reconciliation and doctrine of redemption. Barth is most well known for reorienting all theological discussion around Jesus.
Trinitarian focus
One major objective of Barth is to recover the doctrine of the Trinity in theology from its putative loss in liberalism.[47] His argument follows from the idea that God is the object of God's own self-knowledge, and revelation in the Bible means the self-unveiling to humanity of the God who cannot be discovered by humanity simply through its own intuition.[48] God's revelation comes to man 'vertically from above' (Senkrecht von Oben).
Election
One of the most influential and controversial features of Barth's Dogmatics was his doctrine of election (Church Dogmatics II/2). Barth's theology entails a rejection of the idea that God chose each person to either be saved or damned based on purposes of the Divine will, and it was impossible to know why God chose some and not others.[49]
Barth's doctrine of election involves a firm rejection of the notion of an eternal, hidden decree.
Barth's doctrine of objective atonement develops as he distances himself from Anselm of Canterbury's doctrine of the atonement.[54] In The Epistle to the Romans, Barth endorses Anselm's idea that God who is robbed of his honor must punish those who robbed him. In Church Dogmatics I/2, Barth advocates divine freedom in the incarnation with the support of Anselm's Cur Deus Homo. Barth holds that Anselm's doctrine of the atonement preserves both God's freedom and the necessity of Christ's incarnation. The positive endorsement of Anselmian motives in Cur Deus Homo continues in Church Dogmatics II/1. Barth maintains with Anselm that the sin of humanity cannot be removed by the merciful act of divine forgiveness alone. In Church Dogmatics IV/1, however, Barth's doctrine of the atonement diverges from that of Anselm.[55] By over-christologizing the doctrine, Barth completes his formulation of objective atonement. He finalizes the necessity of God's mercy at the place where Anselm firmly establishes the dignity and freedom of the will of God.[56] In Barth's view, God's mercy is identified with God's righteousness in a distinctive way where God's mercy always takes the initiative. The change in Barth's reception of Anselm's doctrine of the atonement is, therefore, alleged to show that Barth's doctrine entails support for universalism.[53][57]
Salvation
Barth argued that previous perspectives on sin and salvation, influenced by strict
Barth's view of salvation is centrally Christological, with his writings stating that in Jesus Christ the reconciliation of all of mankind to God has essentially already taken place and that through Christ man is already elect and justified.
Karl Barth denied that he was a
Barth, in the words of a later scholar, went a "significant step beyond traditional theology" in that he argued against more conservative strains of Protestant Christianity in which damnation is seen as an absolute certainty for many or most people. To Barth, Christ's
Understanding of Mary
Unlike many Protestant theologians, Barth wrote on the topic of Mariology (the theological study of Mary). Barth's views on the subject agreed with much Catholic dogma but he disagreed with the Catholic veneration of Mary. Aware of the common dogmatic tradition of the early Church, Barth fully accepted the dogma of Mary as the Mother of God, seeing a rejection of that title equivalent to rejecting the doctrine that Christ's human and divine natures are inseparable (contra the Nestorian heresy). Through Mary, Jesus belongs to the human race. Through Jesus, Mary is Mother of God.[60]
Criticism by reformed conservatives
Barth's doctrine of scripture was criticised by reformed theologians such as Cornelius Van Til, Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones and others in the confessional reformed tradition. Chapter VIII of Van Til's, Christianity and Barthianism (1962), critiques Barth's view of revelation and das Wort Gottes ('the Word of God').
Charlotte von Kirschbaum
Charlotte von Kirschbaum was Barth's theological academic colleague for more than three decades.[61][62][63] George Hunsinger summarizes the influence of von Kirschbaum on Barth's work: "As his unique student, critic, researcher, adviser, collaborator, companion, assistant, spokesperson, and confidante, Charlotte von Kirschbaum was indispensable to him. He could not have been what he was, or have done what he did, without her."[64]
In 2017 Christiane Tietz examined intimate letters written by Barth, Charlotte von Kirschbaum, and Nelly Barth, which discuss the complicated relationship between all three individuals that occurred over the span of 40 years.[65] The letters between von Kirschbaum and Barth from 1925 to 1935[66] made public "the deep, intense, and overwhelming love between these two human beings," through the lengthy period in which von Kirschbaum lived in the same house as Barth and his wife Nelly.[67] In them, Barth describes a permanent conflict between his marriage and his affections for von Kirschbaum: "The way I am, I never could and still cannot deny either the reality of my marriage or the reality of my love. It is true that I am married, that I am a father and a grandfather. It is also true that I love. And it is true that these two facts don't match. This is why we, after some hesitation at the beginning, decided not to solve the problem with a separation on one or the other side."[68] When Charlotte von Kirschbaum died in 1975, Barth's wife Nelly buried Charlotte in the family tomb. Nelly died the following year.
In literature
In John Updike's Roger's Version, Roger Lambert is a professor of religion. Lambert is influenced by the works of Karl Barth. That is the primary reason that he rejects his student's attempt to use computational methods to understand God.
Harry Mulisch's The Discovery of Heaven makes mentions of Barth's Church Dogmatics, as does David Markson's The Last Novel. In the case of Mulisch and Markson, it is the ambitious nature of the Church Dogmatics that seems to be of significance. In the case of Updike, it is the emphasis on the idea of God as "Wholly Other" that is emphasized.
In Marilynne Robinson's Gilead, the preacher John Ames reveres Barth's "Epistle to the Romans" and refers to it as his favorite book other than the Bible.
Whittaker Chambers cites Barth in nearly all his books: Witness (p. 507), Cold Friday (p. 194), and Odyssey of a Friend (pp. 201, 231).
In Flannery O'Connor's letter to Brainard Cheney, she said, "I distrust folks who have ugly things to say about Karl Barth. I like old Barth. He throws the furniture around."
Center for Barth Studies
Princeton Theological Seminary, where Barth lectured in 1962, houses the Center for Barth Studies, which is dedicated to supporting scholarship related to the life and theology of Karl Barth. The Barth Center was established in 1997 and sponsors seminars, conferences, and other events. It also holds the Karl Barth Research Collection, the largest in the world, which contains nearly all of Barth's works in English and German, several first editions of his works, and an original handwritten manuscript by Barth.[69][70]
Writings
- The Epistle to the Romans (Der Römerbrief I, 1st ed., 1919)
- The Epistle to the Romans (Der Römerbrief. Zweite Fassung, 1922). E. C. Hoskyns, trans. London: Oxford University Press, 1933, 1968 ISBN 0-19-500294-6
- The Word of God and The Word of Man (Das Wort Gottes und die Theologie, 1928). New York: Harper & Bros, 1957. . Amy Marga, trans. New York: T & T Clark, 2011.
- Preaching Through the Christian Year. H. Wells and J. McTavish, eds. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1978. ISBN 0-8028-1725-4
- God Here and Now. London: Routledge, 1964.
- Fides Quaerens Intellectum: Anselm's Proof of the Existence of God in the Context of His Theological Scheme (written in 1931). I. W. Robertson, trans. London: SCM, 1960; reprinted by Pickwick Publications (1985) ISBN 0-915138-75-1
- Church and State. G.R. Howe, trans. London: SCM, 1939.
- The Church and the War. A. H. Froendt, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1944.
- Prayer according to the Catechisms of the Reformation. S.F. Terrien, trans. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1952 (Also published as: Prayer and Preaching. London: SCM, 1964).
- The Humanity of God, J.N. Thomas and T. Wieser, trans. Richmond, VA: John Knox Press, 1960. ISBN 0-8042-0612-0
- Evangelical Theology: An Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1963.
- The Christian Life. Church Dogmatics IV/4: Lecture Fragments. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1981. ISBN 0-8028-3523-6
- The Word in this World: Two Sermons by Karl Barth. Edited by Kurt I. Johanson. Regent Publishing (Vancouver, BC, Canada): 2007
- "No Angels of Darkness and Light," The Christian Century, 20 January 1960, p. 72 (reprinted in Contemporary Moral Issues. H. K. Girvetz, ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1963. pp. 6–8).
- The Göttingen Dogmatics: Instruction in the Christian Religion, vol. 1. G.W. Bromiley, trans. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991. ISBN 0-8028-2421-8
- Dogmatics in Outline (1947 lectures), Harper Perennial, 1959, ISBN 0-06-130056-X
- A Unique Time of God: Karl Barth's WWI Sermons, William Klempa, editor. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
- On Religion. Edited and translated by Garrett Green. London: T & T Clark, 2006.
The Church Dogmatics in English translation
- Volume I Part 1: Doctrine of the Word of God: Prolegomena to Church Dogmatics, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05059-9(German: 1932)
- Volume I Part 2: Doctrine of the Word of God, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05069-6(German: 1938)
- Volume II Part 1: The Doctrine of God: The Knowledge of God; The Reality of God, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05169-2(German: 1940)
- Volume II Part 2: The Doctrine of God: The Election of God; The Command of God, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05179-X(German: 1942)
- Volume III Part 1: The Doctrine of Creation: The Work of Creation, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05079-3(German: 1945)
- Volume III Part 2: The Doctrine of Creation: The Creature, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05089-0(German: 1948)
- Volume III Part 3: The Doctrine of Creation: The Creator and His Creature, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05099-8(German: 1950)
- Volume III Part 4: The Doctrine of Creation: The Command of God the Creator, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05109-9(German: 1951)
- Volume IV Part 1: The Doctrine of Reconciliation, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05129-3(German: 1953)
- Volume IV Part 2: Doctrine of Reconciliation: Jesus Christ the Servant As Lord, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05139-0(German: 1955)
- Volume IV Part 3, first half: Doctrine of Reconciliation: Jesus Christ the True Witness, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05189-7(German: 1959)
- Volume IV Part 3, second half: Doctrine of Reconciliation: Jesus Christ the True Witness, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05149-8(German: 1959)
- Volume IV Part 4 (unfinished): Doctrine of Reconciliation: The Foundation of the Christian Life (Baptism), hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05159-5(German: 1967)
- Volume V: Church Dogmatics: Contents and Indexes, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-05119-6
- Church Dogmatics, 14 volume set, softcover, ISBN 0-567-05809-3
- Church Dogmatics: A Selection, with intro. by H. Gollwitzer, 1961, Westminster John Knox Press 1994, ISBN 0-664-25550-7
- Church Dogmatics, dual language German and English, books with CD-ROM, ISBN 0-567-08374-8
- Church Dogmatics, dual language German and English, CD-ROM only, ISBN 0-567-08364-0
Audio
- Evangelical Theology, American lectures 1962 – given by Barth in Chicago, Illinois and ISBN 0-9785738-0-3
See also
References
- ^ "Barth". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (4 April 2018). "Karl Barth and the Barmen Declaration (1934)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ "Karl Barth – Christian History".
- ^ "The Life of Karl Barth: Church Dogmatics Vol IV: The Doctrine of Reconciliation 1953–1967 (Part 7)". The PostBarthian. 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ Name (Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Western Theology). People.bu.edu. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (21 April 2016). "Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics Original Publication Dates". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ "Theologian Karl Barth", Time, 20 April 1962, retrieved 23 February 2019
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (18 April 2018). "The Life of Karl Barth: Early Life from Basel to Geneva 1886–1913 (Part 1)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ a b c Houtz, Wyatt (3 October 2017). "The Romans commentary by the Red Pastor of Safenwil: Karl Barth's Epistle to the Romans". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (18 April 2018). "The Life of Karl Barth: Early Life from Basel to Geneva 1886–1913 (Part 2)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ a b Parsons, Michael (1987). "Man Encountered by the Command of God: the Ethics of Karl Barth" (PDF). Vox Evangelica. 17: 48–65. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-8028-6570-0.
- ^ Matthew J. Aragon-Bruce. Ethics in Crisis: Interpreting Barth's Ethics (book review) Princeton Seminary Library. Retrieved on 15 July 2012. Archived 9 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Oxford University Press: The Hastening that Waits: Nigel Biggar Archived 20 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Oup.com. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Journal – The Influence of Karl Barth on Christian Ethics. www.kevintaylor.me (7 April 2011). Retrieved on 15 July 2012. Archived 23 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Choi Lim Ming, Andrew (2003). A Study on Jacques Ellul's Dialectical Approach to the Modern and Spiritual World. wordpress.com
- ^ a b Houtz, Wyatt (18 April 2018). "The Life of Karl Barth: Early Life from Basel to Geneva 1886–1913 (Part 1)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ Gary J. Dorrien, The Barthian Revolt in Modern Theology: Theology Without Weapons, 2000: "Barthian "crisis theology" movement came into being. Karl Barth was the son of a conservative Reformed pastor and theological professor at the University of Berne, Fritz Barth..."[page needed]
- ^ Church Dogmatics, ed. T. F. Torrance and G. W. Bromiley (1932–67; ET Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1956–75).
- ISBN 0-8264-5937-4.
- ISBN 0-567-09339-5.
- ^ Manifesto of the Ninety-Three German Intellectuals, 1914.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (21 April 2018). "The Life of Karl Barth: The Red Pastor of Safenwil 1909–1921 (Part 2)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ISBN 0-87486-954-4.
- ISBN 978-0-19-885246-9.
- ISBN 978-0-567-08227-5.
- ^ Kenneth Oakes, Reading Karl Barth: A Companion to Karl Barth's Epistle to the Romans, Eugene: Cascade, 2011, p. 27.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (4 April 2018). "Karl Barth and the Barmen Declaration (1934)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-567-48994-4.
- ISBN 3-261-04536-1.
- ^ Original photo by Joshua Cook
- ^ The T & T Clark Blog: Church Dogmatics. Tandtclark.typepad.com. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Myers, Ben. (27 November 2005) Faith and Theology: Church Dogmatics in a week. Faith-theology.com. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- S2CID 170778170. Archived from the originalon 21 August 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
- ^ "The Life of Karl Barth: Church Dogmatics Vol IV: The Doctrine of Reconciliation 1953–1967 (Part 7)". The PostBarthian. 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (23 June 2017). "Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics Ended At A Single Stroke". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ Green, Garrett. "Introduction" to On Religion by Karl Barth, Trans. Garrett Green. (London: T&T Clark, 2006) p. 3
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- Schwabe Verlag. p. 55. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ Barth, Karl. "No Angels of Darkness and Light", The Christian Century, 20 January 1960, pp. 72 ff.
- ISBN 978-0-664-24031-8.
- ^ TIME Magazine Cover: Karl Barth – 20 April 1962 – Religion – Christianity. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (18 April 2018). "The Life of Karl Barth: Early Life from Basel to Geneva 1886–1913 (Part 1)". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-19-875247-9
- . Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Biography | Center for Barth Studies". barth.ptsem.edu. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ Braatan, 80–81
- ^ Gorringe, 135-36.
- ^ Mangina, 76.
- ^ Chung, 385-86.
- ^ Webster (2000), 93–95.
- ISBN 978-0-567-08332-6.
- ^ a b Brunner, Emil, The Christian Doctrine of God: Dogmatics: Volume 1, (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1950)
- ISBN 978-0802863638. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ISBN 0687202256. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ^ Hasel, Frank M. (Autumn 1991). "Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics on the Atonement: Some Translational Problems" (PDF). Andrews University Seminary Studies. 29 (3): 205–211. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ^ Woo, B. Hoon (2014). "Karl Barth's Doctrine of the Atonement and Universalism". Korea Reformed Journal. 32: 243–291.
- ^ Busch, Eberhard. Karl Barth: His Life from Letters and Autobiographical Texts. Trans. John Bowden. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2015. 394. Print. "Karl Barth's Rejection of Universalism". The PostBarthian. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ a b Richard Bauckham, "Universalism: a historical survey", Themelios 4.2 (September 1978): 47–54.
- ISBN 0728300737.
- ISBN 978-0-271-01864-5.
- ^ Stephen J. Plant, "When Karl met Lollo: the origins and consequences of Karl Barth's relationship with Charlotte von Kirschbaum." Scottish Journal of Theology 72.2 (2019): 127-145 online.
- ^ Susanne Hennecke, "Biography and theology. On the connectedness of theological statements with life on the basis of the correspondence between Karl Barth and Charlotte von Kirschbaum (1925–1935)." International Journal of Philosophy and Theology 77.4–5 (2016): 324–336.
- ^ George Hunsinger's review of S. Seliger, Charlotte von Kirschbaum and Karl Barth: A Study in Biography and the History of Theology. Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (9 October 2017). "A Bright and Bleak Constellation: Karl Barth, Nelly Barth and Charlotte von Kirschbaum". The PostBarthian. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ "A Bright and Bleak Constellation: Karl Barth, Nelly Barth and Charlotte von Kirschbaum". The PostBarthian. 9 October 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- S2CID 171520544.
- ^ Karl Barth, Vorwort, xxii n. 3, letter of 1947 cited by Christiane Tietz, "Karl Barth and Charlotte von Kirschbaum," Theology Today 2017 Vol. 74(2), 109.
- ^ "Princeton Theological Seminary Library". Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2014.. Princeton Seminary Library. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Center for Barth Studies website – http://barth.ptsem.edu
Sources
- "Witness to an Ancient Truth". Time. 20 April 1962. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- Bradshaw, Timothy. 1988. Trinity and Ontology: A Comparative Study of the Theologies of Karl Barth and Wolfhart Pannenberg. Rutherford House Books, reprint, Lewiston; Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press for Rutherford House, Edinburgh, 1992.
- Braaten, Carl E. (2008). That All May Believe: A Theology of the Gospel and the Mission of the Church. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802862396. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- Bromiley, Geoffrey William. An Introduction to the Theology of Karl Barth. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1979.
- Buclin, Hadrien, Entre culture du consensus et critique sociale. Les intellectuels de gauche dans la Suisse de l'après-guerre, Thèse de doctorat, Université de Lausanne, 2015.
- Busch, Eberhard. Karl Barth: His Life from Letters and Autobiographical Texts. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1976.
- ——— (2004), The Great Passion: An Introduction to Karl Barth's Theology, Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans.
- Chung, Paul S. Karl Barth: God's Word in Action. James Clarke & Co, Cambridge (2008), ISBN 978-0-227-17266-7.
- Chung, Sung Wook. Admiration and Challenge: Karl Barth's Theological Relationship with John Calvin. New York: Peter Lang, 2002. ISBN 978-0-820-45680-5.
- Chung, Sung Wook, ed. Karl Barth and Evangelical Theology: Convergences and Divergences. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008.ISBN 978-0-801-03127-4.
- ISBN 0-940931-51-6.
- Fiddes, Paul. 'The status of women in the thought of Karl Barth', in Janet Martin Soskice, ed., After Eve [alternative title After Eve: women, theology and the Christian tradition], 1990, pp. 138–55. Marshall Pickering
- Fink, Heinrich. "Karl Barth und die Bewegung Freies Deutschland in der Schweiz." [Doctoral dissertation.] "Karl Barth und die Bewegung Freies Deutschland in der Schweiz : Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor scientiae theologiae (Dr.sc.theol.), vorgelegt dem Senat des Wissenschaftlichen Rates der Humboldt-Universitaaet zu Berlin." Berlin, H. Fink [Selfpublisher], 1978.
- Galli, Mark (2000). "Neo-Orthodoxy: Karl Barth". Christianity Today.
- Gherardini, Brunero. "A domanda risponde. In dialogo con Karl Barth sulle sue 'Domande a Roma' (A Question Answered. In Dialogue with Karl Barth on His 'Questions in Rome')". Frigento (Italy): Casa Mariana Editrice, 2011. ISBN 978-88-9056-111-5.
- Gignilliat, Mark S (2009). Karl Barth and the Fifth Gospel: Barth's Theological Exegesis of Isaiah. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0754658566. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- Gorringe, Timothy. Karl Barth: Against Hegemony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
- Hunsinger, George. How to Read Karl Barth: The Shape of His Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Jae Jin Kim. Die Universalitaet der Versoehnung im Gottesbund. Zur biblischen Begruendung der Bundestheologie in der kirchlichen Dogmatik Karl Barths, Lit Verlag, 1992.
- Mangina, Joseph L. Karl Barth: Theologian of Christian Witness. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2004.
- McCormack, Bruce. Karl Barth's Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology: Its Genesis and Development, 1909–1936. Oxford University Press, USA (27 March 1997), ISBN 978-0-19-826956-4
- McKenny, Gerald. "The Analogy of Grace: Karl Barth's Moral Theology." Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 0-19-958267-X.
- Oakes, Kenneth. Karl Barth on Theology and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- Oakes, Kenneth. Reading Karl Barth: A Companion to Karl Barth's Epistle to the Romans. Eugene: Cascade, 2011.
- Webster, John. Barth. 2nd ed., London: Continuum, 2004.
- Webster, John, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
External links
a
- Publications by and about Karl Barth in the catalogue Helveticat of the Swiss National Library
- "Top Ten Theologians: Karl Barth", Reclaiming the mind, Parchment & Pen, August 2011, archived from the original on 15 December 2018, retrieved 12 August 2011
- The Center for Barth Studies, Princeton Theological Seminary, archived from the original on 25 January 2013
- Barth Literature Search Project, NL: PTHU, archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Complete bibliography of literature by and about Karl Barth.
- Karl Barth Reading Room, with extensive links to on-line primary and secondary sources, CA: Tyndale Seminary
- "Karl Barth". Time. 20 April 1962. Archived from the original on 1 March 2005.
- Karl Barth-Archiv
- Primer on Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics
- One Year With Karl Barth A year-long project promoting discussion and application of Barth's Church Dogmatics.
- Article on Barth and Visual Art
- Karl Barth: Courageous theologian article from Christianity Today
- Karl Barth Hub to organizations and resources associated with Karl Barth
- Newspaper clippings about Karl Barth in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW