Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel | |
---|---|
neogothic buildings | |
Signature | |
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (13 March 1781 – 9 October 1841) was a
.Biography
Schinkel was born in Neuruppin, Margraviate of Brandenburg. When he was six, his father died in the disastrous Neuruppin fire of 1787. He became a student of architect Friedrich Gilly (1772–1800) (the two became close friends) and his father, David Gilly, in Berlin. At that time, the architectural taste in Prussia was shaped in Neoclassical style, mainly by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the architect of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.
After returning to Berlin from his first trip to Italy in 1805, he started to earn his living as a painter. When he saw
From 1808 to 1817 Schinkel renovated and reconstructed Schloss Rosenau, Coburg, in the Gothic Revival style.[3] He also rebuilt the ruins of Chorin Abbey.
At age 60, on 9 October 1841, Schinkel died in Berlin, Province of Brandenburg.
Commemoration
His portrait appeared on the 1,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ banknote issued by the Reichsbank from 1936 until 1945.[4] Printing ceased in 1945 but the note remained in circulation until the issue of the Deutsche Mark on 21 June 1948.
Style
Schinkel's style, in his most productive period, is defined by a turn to Greek rather than Imperial Roman architecture, an attempt to turn away from the style that was linked to the recent French occupiers. (Thus, he is a noted proponent of the
His most famous extant buildings are found in and around Berlin. These include the Neue Wache (1816–1818), the National Monument for the Liberation Wars (1818–1821), the Schauspielhaus (1819–1821) at the Gendarmenmarkt, which replaced the earlier theatre that was destroyed by fire in 1817, and the Altes Museum on Museum Island (1823–1830). He also carried out improvements to the Crown Prince's Palace and to Schloss Charlottenburg. Schinkel was also responsible for the interior decoration of a number of private Berlin residences. Although the buildings themselves have long been destroyed, portions of a stairwell from the Weydinger House were able to be rescued and built into the Nicolaihaus on Brüderstr. and its formal dining hall into the Palais am Festungsgraben.[2]
Schinkel was extensively patronised by the Prussian royal family, producing designs for
Between 1825 and 1827, he collaborated with
Later, Schinkel moved away from classicism altogether, embracing the
Schinkel, however, is noted as much for his theoretical work and his architectural drafts as for the relatively few buildings that were actually executed to his designs. Some of his merits are best shown in his unexecuted plans for the transformation of the Athenian
It has been speculated, however, that due to the difficult political circumstances – French occupation and the dependency on the Prussian king – and his relatively early death, which prevented him from seeing the explosive German industrialization in the second half of the 19th century, he was not able to live up to the true potential exhibited by his sketches.
Paintings
-
View of Mont Blanc, 1813
-
Morning, 1813
-
Karl Friedrich Schinkel's stage set for Mozart's Magic Flute, 1815
-
Medieval City on a River, 1815
-
Rock Arch, 1818
-
Uranus and the Dance of the Stars, 1834
-
Christian Peter Wilhelm Beuth, 1837 (Allegory of Prussia's industrial renewal)
Buildings
-
Konzerthaus, Berlin
-
Friedrichswerdersche Kirche
-
Potsdam Nikolaikirche
-
Alexander Nevsky chapel, Peterhof, Russia
See also
References
Citations
- ^ Karl Friedrich Schinkel – Facts, information, pictures – Encyclopedia.com
- ^ ISBN 978-0-300-05165-0.
- ^ Charles Quest-Ritson, "Coburg: Schloß Rosenau", in Gärten in Deutschland, p. 64 online (in German).
- ^ "P-184".
- ^ Guratzsch, Dankwart (13 January 2016). "Wie Bürger für die Schönheit ihrer Städte kämpfen". Welt Online. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ISBN 978-3-930698-81-3.
- ^ Malgorzata Omilanowska DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Berlin (20, p. 71, at Google Books
General source
- Jörg Trempler: Schinkels Motive. Matthes & Seitz, Berlin, 2007, ISBN 978-3-88221-866-4.
- Christoph Werner: Schloss am Strom. Die Geschichte vom Leben und Sterben des Baumeisters Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Bertuch-Verlag, Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-937601-11-2.
- Christoph Werner: Castle by the River: The Life and Death of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Painter and Master Builder: A Novel. Tredition, Hamburg, 2020, ISBN 978-3-347-04274-2.
- Christoph von Wolzogen: Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Unter dem bestirnten Himmel. Biographie. Edition Fichter, Frankfurt, 2016, ISBN 978-3-943856-33-0.
- John Zukowsky (ed.): Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1781–1841: The Drama of Architecture. With essays by Kurt W. Forster and Wolfgang Pehnt, 2020 [2004], ISBN 0-86559-105-9.
External links
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Carter, Rand. "Karl Friedrich Schinkel, The Last Great Architect". Prefatory essay from Collection of Architectural Designs including those designs which have been executed and objects whose execution was intended by Karl Friedrich Schinkel (Chicago: Exedra Books Incorporated, 1981). Also used as a reference.