Karluk languages
| Karluk | |
|---|---|
| Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic, Turkestan Turkic | |
| Geographic distribution | Central Asia |
| Linguistic classification | Turkic
|
Early forms | |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | uygh1241 |
 Uzbek Uyghur Ili | |
The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.[1]
Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.
Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the
Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.[2]
Classification
Languages
- Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers [3]
- Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8–11 million speakers [4]
- Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turkis, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
- Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
- Middle Turkic.[5]
- Khorezmian – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.
Proto-Turkic
|
Common Turkic | Karluk | Western | |
| Eastern | ||||
| Old |
|
Glottolog v.5.0 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan Turkic" and classifies them as follows:[6]
| Turkestan |
| ||||||||||||
References
- ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.
- ISBN 978-1-4008-6196-5.
- ^ Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Uyghur". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
- ^ Glottlog 5.0 places this with Old Turkic.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Karluk languages". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
