Kaskaskia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the tribe. For the village in Illinois, see Kaskaskia, Illinois. For other uses, see Kaskaskia (disambiguation).
Georges-Henri-Victor Collot, 1796[1]

The Kaskaskia were one of the

mission station.[citation needed
]

Post-contact history

European explorers

Further information: Jesuit missions in North America
Michigamea, when they reached present-day Arkansas
.

They began their return trip from the Michigamea village about July 17, following the Illinois River eastward to Lake Michigan rather than taking the more northern route along the Wisconsin River. Near modern Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois, across from Starved Rock, they met the Kaskaskia at the Grand Village of the Illinois (now a State Historic Site, also known as the Zimmerman site). The land controlled by the allied Illinois groups extended north from modern Arkansas, through Eastern Missouri and most of Illinois, and west into Iowa, where Des Moines was named after the Moingwena.[2]

New France missions

In 1703, the French established a permanent mission, settlement and fort (Fort Kaskaskia State Historic Site) at Kaskaskia, Illinois, a part of their New France colonization of North America.,[3][4] which was part of the French Illinois Country, later made part of French Louisiana (New France).

French settlers moved in to farm and to exploit the lead mines on the

Prairie du Rocher. In the same year, the French imported African slaves from Saint-Domingue (Santo Domingo) to work in the lead mines.[5]
From its beginning, Kaskaskia was a French/Native American settlement, consisting of a few French men and numerous Kaskaskia and other Illinois Indians.

In 1707, the population of the community was estimated at 2,200, the majority of them Illinois Indians who lived somewhat apart. A visitor, writing of Kaskaskia about 1715, said that the village consisted of 400 Illinois men, "very good people," two

St. Louis, Missouri (a city created later, in 1764, by French traders and settlers who came from New Orleans).[8]

French and Indian War

Male descendants of the French, Indians, and mixed bloods at Kaskaskia became the voyageurs and

immunity
.

Decline

The causes of decline are many and varied.

Pontiac
.) The Ottawa, Sauk, Fox, Miami, Kickapoo and Potawatomi devastated the Illiniwek and occupied their old tribal range along the Illinois River.

In 1766, the British arrived and established a small detachment from

18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot, left a small detachment of four officers and 50 men at Kaskaskia as an effort to retain British control over the Illinois Country. Captain Hugh Lord, of the 18th Foot, was the last British commander in Illinois. The detachment of the 18th Foot was ordered to Detroit in May 1776 and never returned to Illinois. Lord's detachment was garrisoned in the former Jesuit compound at Kaskaskia. The post was called Fort Gage only after Fort de Chartres was abandoned in 1772.[10]

On July 4, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, George Rogers Clark captured the town and Fort Gage.[11]

End April 1824,

Saint Louis (Missouri) (Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States), as a salute to two towns which were part of the former French Louisiana
which was acquired by the United States in 1803.

Etymology

The name 'Kaskaskia' derives from the old

Miami-Illinois word for a katydid, phonetically kaaskaaskia. This name later appeared in the modern Peoria and Miami dialects as kaahkaahkia.[12]
This is already seen in Gravier's early-18th century Illinois dictionary, where for the word "caskaskia", he gives "cigale. item nation Ilinoise, les Kaskaskias".

Today

The descendants of the Kaskaskia, along with the

federally recognized tribe in Oklahoma.[13]

Namesakes

The name and term "Kaskaskia" lives on in Illinois:

See also

References

  1. ^ Warren, Robert E. "Illinois Indians and French Colonists." Illinois Periodicals Online. Retrieved 14 Dec 2013.
  2. ^ Stelle, Lenville J.; et al. (2005). "Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1673 -1700". Champaign, Illinois: Center For Social Research, Parkland College. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  3. ^ Kaskaskia Under the French Regime. libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-18
  4. ^ Conference paper nps.gov Retrieved Apr 14, 2010 [permanent dead link]
  5. ^ "Charles Claude Du Tisne". Kansas Genealogy. Retrieved Apr 14, 2010.
  6. ^ Norall, Frank. Bourgmont, Explorer of the Missouri, 1698-1725. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1988, 107
  7. ^ Ekberg, Carl J. French Roots in the Illinois Country: The Mississippi Frontier in Colonial Times, Chicage: University of Illinois Press, 2000: 153-154
  8. ^ Barkwell, Lawrence, Leah Dorion and Darren Préfontaine. "The Metis Homeland: Its Settlements and Communities". PDF. Sixth edition, 2012.
  9. ^ See the work of Emily Blasingham, M.A. Indiana University, published in Ethnohistory journal)
  10. ^ S.M. Baule, The 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot, NWTA Courier, July 1997.
  11. ^ "Fort Kaskaskia State Historic Site". Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
  12. ^ Costa, David J. 2000. "Miami-Illinois Tribe Names", In John Nichols, ed., Papers of the Thirty-first Algonquian Conference, pp. 30-53. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba.
  13. ^ House, Office of the Law Revision Counsel. United States Code 2006, Volume 15. §1224, page 986

External links

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