Kassala
Kassala
كسلا | |
---|---|
Town | |
Coordinates: 15°27′N 36°24′E / 15.450°N 36.400°E | |
Country | Sudan |
State | Kassala State |
Population (2002) | |
• Total | 957,000[1] |
Kassala (
The town was formerly a railroad hub, however, as of 2006 there was no operational railway station in Kassala and much of the track leading to and from the town has been salvaged or fallen into disrepair. Kassala's location along the main Khartoum-Port Sudan highway makes it an important trade center.
History
Neolithic
The ancient settlement of Mahal Teglinos flourished here during the Early Gash Group phase (ca. 2800–2500 BC). Egyptian jars dating from this period have been found here.[2] At that time, the inhabitants at Mahal Teglinos were already trading with Egypt, Nubia, and the southern Arabian Peninsula.[3]
Mahal Teglinos settlement continued after that, and also flourished during the late Gash Group phase (ca. 1900–1700 BC).[3]
Modern
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the town was a key node in the west–east trade route, linking the coastal ports of
In July 1940, during the
Climate
Kassala has a
Climate data for Kassala (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 41.7 (107.1) |
44.5 (112.1) |
45.5 (113.9) |
46.5 (115.7) |
47 (117) |
47.6 (117.7) |
43 (109) |
41.6 (106.9) |
43 (109) |
47 (117) |
42.7 (108.9) |
40.5 (104.9) |
47.6 (117.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
38.6 (101.5) |
41.0 (105.8) |
41.7 (107.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
36.6 (97.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
36.9 (98.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.6 (99.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.9 (85.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.2 (91.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
5 (41) |
8.9 (48.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
17 (63) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
5 (41) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.00) |
2.1 (0.08) |
12.9 (0.51) |
19.2 (0.76) |
68.6 (2.70) |
88.0 (3.46) |
42.4 (1.67) |
5.4 (0.21) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
238.9 (9.41) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 21.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
42 | 38 | 29 | 26 | 29 | 37 | 53 | 61 | 52 | 40 | 38 | 43 | 41 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 310.0 | 285.6 | 306.9 | 297.0 | 297.6 | 276.0 | 241.8 | 238.7 | 276.0 | 303.8 | 303.0 | 313.1 | 3,449.5 |
Source 1: NOAA[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[8] |
Current status
The Kassala region had a child mortality rate of 62 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2014, slightly higher than the national average of 52 child deaths per 1,000.[9]
The
Education
The city is home to
Notable people
- Bushara Abdel-Nadief (Footballer)
- Aisha Musa Ahmad(Singer)
- Hassan Al-Turabi(Politician)
- Muhannad El Tahir (Footballer)
- Nizar Hamid (Footballer)
- Noor Uthman Muhammed
See also
References
- ^ a b "GeoHive". Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
- ^ Manzo, A. (2017). Eastern Sudan in its setting: The archaeology of a region far from the Nile Valley. Oxford: Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology, p. 35
- ^ PMID 30880862.
- ^ Miran, Jonathan. "Red Sea Citizens." Indiana University Press, 2009. Page, 87
- ^ Map showing in detail the Kassala occupation by Italians (within a green line)
- ^ a b "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kassala". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Kassala Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ "Station Kassala" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ "MICS survey – Table CM.2".
- ^ "Kassala University". Sudan Daily Vision. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-09-17.