Kasur
Kasur
قصور Qasūr | ||
---|---|---|
City | ||
Calling code 049 | | |
Website | kasur |
Kasur (
Etymology
Kasur derives its name from the Arabic and Persian word qasur (قصور),[10][11] meaning "palaces," or "forts." According to a legend, Kasur was founded by, and named for, Prince Kusha of the Ramayana,[12] son of the Hindu deities Rama and Sita. According to that account, the city was named Kashawar along with its neighbouring city, Lahore which was named Lahawar. Historical records reject an ancient founding of the city and date it to 1525, when it was found as a fortified settlement.[13][14][15]
History
Early
The Kasur region was an agricultural region with forests during the
Arrival of Islam
In 1005 CE, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, took over the region under the Ghaznavid dynasty. This led to the introduction of Islam in the Northern Punjab area, after being conquered.[citation needed] Sufi missionaries were sent to the region in order to preach Islam which made the Punjab region predominantly Muslim.[17] The city was later under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals.
Kheshgi Dynasty
Kasur was established as a city by the Kheshgi tribe of Pashtuns from Kabul who had migrated to the region in 1525 from Afghanistan[18][19] during the reign of Babur and built several small forts in the area, establishing the Kheshgi chieftaincy.[20][21][22] The city was built as an aggregation of about twelve fortified hamlets, known as kots (کوٹ) forming a considerable town. The 12 mahallahs (abodes) were built by the order of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, and named after the heads of various Pashtun families. Some of these forts have been severely damaged over time.[23][24]
Under Mughal rule, the city flourished and was notable for commerce and trade. It became the home of the legendary Sufi saint and celebrated poet, Bulleh Shah, who is buried in a large shrine in the city. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Kasur region fell into a power vacuum. Kasur was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani of the Durrani Empire.
Sikh
The Sikhs sacked the city in 1747 under
British
During the British Raj, the irrigation canals were built that irrigated large areas of the Kasur District. Communal disturbances between Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims erupted in 1908 over the issue of meat sales.[29] Riots erupted following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919, leading to the destruction of civic infrastructure, including the city's railway station.[30] Martial law was imposed on 16 April 1919 in response to the riots.[31]
Modern
After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, the minority
Kasur is one of the biggest market and trading hub in the country of hides collection and leather tanning and processing. In recent times, hide traders in Kasur were engaged in smuggling donkey hides, a medicinal demand, to China via Karachi Port.[33]
In January 2018, two protestors were killed in rioting over the
In November 2020,
Geography
Kasur is bordered to the north by Lahore, by India to the south and east, it also has borders with Okara and Nankana Sahab district. The city is adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala, a border with its own flag-lowering ceremony.
Ecoregion
Kasur is situated in a subtropical
Climate
Kasur has a
Climate data for Kasur, Pakistan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 27.0 (80.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
43.0 (109.4) |
47.0 (116.6) |
48.0 (118.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
48.0 (118.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
28.0 (82.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 14 (57) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
24 (75) |
27 (81) |
24 (75) |
21 (70) |
25 (77) |
30 (86) |
27 (81) |
20 (68) |
18 (64) |
22 (72) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
18.0 (64.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) |
3 (0.1) |
0 (0) |
3 (0.1) |
0 (0) |
5 (0.2) |
5 (0.2) |
6 (0.2) |
1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
6 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
30 (1) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279 | 252 | 341 | 360 | 403 | 390 | 341 | 310 | 330 | 341 | 300 | 310 | 3,957 |
Source 1: MyWeather2 [39] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Spark [40] |
Demography
The population of Kasur is 382,000 as of 2020. The principal tribes residing here include the
Religion
The population in Kasur is predominantly
Religious group |
1881[44][45]: 520 | 1891[46]: 68 [47] | 1901[48]: 44 [49]: 26 | 1911[50]: 23 [51]: 19 | 1921[52]: 25 [53]: 21 | 1931[54]: 26 | 1941[43]: 32 | 2017[55] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 13,852 | 79.9% | 15,406 | 75.93% | 16,257 | 73.82% | 18,588 | 75% | 22,290 | 71.86% | 36,658 | 78.3% | 39,295 | 74% | 469,635 | 96.12% |
Hinduism | 3,074 | 17.73% | 4,413 | 21.75% | 5,327 | 24.19% | 5,291 | 21.35% | 7,333 | 23.64% | 8,251[b] | 17.62% | 10,752[b] | 20.25% | 13 | 0% |
Sikhism | 242 | 1.4% | 382 | 1.88% | 295 | 1.34% | 631 | 2.55% | 987 | 3.18% | 1,529 | 3.27% | 2,034 | 3.83% | — | — |
Jainism | 168 | 0.97% | 89 | 0.44% | 97 | 0.44% | 169 | 0.68% | 265 | 0.85% | 144 | 0.31% | 452 | 0.85% | — | — |
Christianity | — | — | 0 | 0% | 43 | 0.2% | 101 | 0.41% | 141 | 0.45% | 227 | 0.48% | 562 | 1.06% | 18,719 | 3.83% |
Zoroastrianism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0.01% | 3 | 0.01% | 2 | 0.01% | 6 | 0.01% | — | — | — | — |
Ahmadiyya | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 212 | 0.04% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% |
Total population | 17,336 | 100% | 20,290 | 100% | 22,022 | 100% | 24,783 | 100% | 31,018 | 100% | 46,815 | 100% | 53,101 | 100% | 488,579 | 100% |
Notable people
- Aseff Ahmad Ali, former Foreign Minister
- Ram Nath Chawla, Indian Pilot
- Bawa Lal Dayal, 14th-century saint
- Irshad Ahmed Haqqani, journalist, writer
- Noor Jehan, singer and actress
- Rana Muhammad Iqbal Khan former speaker Punjab assembly
- Ahmad Raza Khan Kasuri, former member of National Assembly of Pakistan
- Fauzia Kasuri, a Pakistani politician and women's activist
- Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, former Foreign Minister
- Mahmud Ali Kasuri, a Pakistani politician, lawyer and human rights activist
- Nawab Muhammad Ahmed Khan Kasuri, Pakistani judge, allegedly assassinated by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
- Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, classical vocalist of British India
- Barkat Ali Khan, classical vocalist of British India
- Yousuf Khan (actor), actor
- Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza, spiritual murshid of Bulleh Shah and Waris Shah
- Sardar Asif Nakai, Member of the Punjab Provincial Assembly
- Sardar Talib Hassan Nakai, Member of National Assembly of Pakistan
- Najam Sethi, journalist, writer, Pakistan Cricket Board chairman
- spiritual poet
- Pran Kumar Sharma, Indian cartoonist
- Basit Jehangir Sheikh, Politician, youngest founder member of the Pakistan Peoples Party (P.P.P)
- Fateh Muhammad Sial, first Ahmadi missionary sent from India
Notes
- ^ 1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Kasur, which included Kasur Municipality.[43]: 32
- ^ a b 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
References
- ^ "Administrators appointed: Dissolution of local govts notified". Dawn (newspaper). 1 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ^ "Punjab CM appoints juniors as DCs in 22 districts". Pakistan Observer (newspaper). 6 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ^ "Kasur, Pakistan Metro Area Population 1950-2020". www.macrotrends.net.
- ^ "Kasur | Punjab Portal". punjab.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
- ^ "Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ Chopra, Gulshan Lall (1940). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab. Government Printing.
- ISBN 978-0-429-75777-8.
... Kheshgi, which was the name of the Afghān tribe to which Naz̤r Bahādur Khān belonged (M.U. III. 777, l. 14). The Kheshgis were famous for their piety and integrity and were settled round about Lāhor and Kāsūr
- ISBN 978-1-349-11556-3.
The third family, the Kheshgi Afghans of Kasur, had held distinguished posts under the Mughals since ...
- ^ "Kasur | Pakistan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
- ^ Singh, Maya; Clark, Henry Martyn (1895). The Panjábí Dictionary. Munshi Gulab Singh & sons.
Kasur.
- ^ Chopra, Gulshan Lall (1940). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab. Government Printing.
- ISBN 9789695034347. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ISBN 9789695032831.
- ^ Chopra, Gulshan Lall (1940). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab. Government Printing.
- ^ "History of Lahore and Kasur تاریخ لاہور، قصور". Salaam One سلام. 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
- ^ Cunningham, Sir Alexander (1871). The Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang. Trübner and Company.
- ^ "History | DPO Kasur". dpokasur.punjabpolice.gov.pk. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ Chopra, Gulshan Lall (1940). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab. Government Printing.
- ISBN 978-0-429-75777-8.
... Kheshgi, which was the name of the Afghān tribe to which Naz̤r Bahādur Khān belonged (M.U. III. 777, l. 14). The Kheshgis were famous for their piety and integrity and were settled round about Lāhor and Kāsūr
- ISBN 9789352141326.
- ISBN 9789695032831.
- ISBN 978-1-349-11556-3.
The third family, the Kheshgi Afghans of Kasur, had held distinguished posts under the Mughals since ...
- ^ "Kasur City Profile | PDF | Water Resources | Sewage". Scribd. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ^ "Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan". Travel My Pakistan. 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ISBN 9788170102588.
- ISBN 9781598847604.
- ISBN 9781598847604.
- ISBN 978-1-4456-2038-1.
- ^ Khawaja, Sarfraz (1985). Sikhs of the Punjab, 1900-1925: a study of confrontation & political mobilization. Modern Book Depot.
- ^ Chopra, Gulshan Lall (1940). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab. Government Printing.
- ISBN 9788176257381.
kasur.
- ISBN 9781617878275.
- ^ Ansari, Afzal (2016-11-14). "Some Kasur traders run racket: Donkey hide still 'a rage'". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Zainab murder: Riots in Pakistan's Kasur after child rape and killing". BBC News. 10 January 2018.
- ^ "Pakistani anchor goes on air with daughter to protest minor's brutal rape and murder". The Times of India. 11 January 2018.
- ^ Mustafa, Khalid (19 November 2020). "Karachi-Kasur gas pipeline project: Pakistan, Russia sign amended gas pipeline accord". The News International.
- ^ "North-South Gas Pipeline Project to be called 'Pakistan Stream Gas Pipeline'". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
- ^ "Climate | Punjab Portal".
- ^ "Kasur Climate History". Weather2. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
- ^ "Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Kasūr". WeatherSpark. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
- ^ "Our History | Kasur". kasur.punjab.gov.pk. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ CENSUS OF RAKISTAN, 1951 (PDF).
- ^ a b "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25318666. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25318669. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25352838. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25393779. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25394121. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 27 January 2024.
External links
Media related to Kasur at Wikimedia Commons
- Hasan Saeed Kasur Safe City Project
- Minister inspects progress on Kasur Safe City Project July 27, 2019
- Kasur Safe City Project: PSCA connects CCTV cameras with IC3 Lahore June 26, 2019 CM inaugurates three mega projects in Kasur July 26, 2019
- Failsal Saeed Punjab govt all set to launch safe city project in yet another district April 16, 2019