Kaundinya I

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Kaundinya I
Kaundinya Varaman Deva
King of Funan
Reign1st century CE
Coronationlater 1st century CE
PredecessorSoma, Queen of Funan
SuccessorHun Pan-huang
BornIndian East Coast (likely Kalinga coast)
DiedFunan
SpouseSoma, Queen of Funan
ReligionHinduism

Kaundinya I (

Sanskrit: कौण्डिन्य, Kauṇḍinya), also known as Hùntián (混塡, Chinese), Hỗn Điền (混塡, Vietnamese) and Preah Thong (Khmer: ព្រះថោង),[1] was the second monarch of Funan (reigned c. 1st century) which comprises much of Cambodia located in mainland Southeast Asia centered on the Mekong Delta. He was the consort of the first monarch Soma, Queen of Funan,[2] also known as Liǔyè (Chinese) and Neang Neakii (Khmer) and together both were the co-founders of the kingdom of Funan with the capital located at Vyadhapura
.

Indian origins

Numerous sources and folklores talk about the arrival of the merchant Brahmin Kaundinya from India and the subsequent marriage with the Naga princess Soma leading to the establishment of the kingdom. But the sources mostly point to Kaundinya's arrival from India without clearly describing his origins which later acquires numerous legendary characteristics contributing to different folklores from numerous sources which is reflected from the Chinese and other regional Southeast Asian sources.[3][4][5] The union is symbolised in the personification of Khmer culture as Preah Thong and Neang Neak.

Modern theories

Newly discovered DNA evidence, suggest there is some truth to the Khmer creation mythology. DNA sample taken from a protohistoric individual from the Wat Komnou cemetery at the Angkor Borei site in Cambodia contains substantial level of South Asian admixture (ca. 40–50%).

Radiocarbon dating result on the human bone (95% confidence interval is 78–234 calCE) indicate that this individual lived during the early period of Funan.[6]

The history of maritime links along with the inscriptions analysis corresponding to the region can provide insights into the origins of Kaundinya in India.

Shaivite customs mentioned in the Chinese work History of the Southern Dynasties during the reign of Kaundinya's descendant Jayavarman Kaundinya with regards to Mount Mo-tan in Funan,[12][13] bearing affinity with the early Saivism and its relation to Mahendragiri mountain which was the prevalent religion during the reign of different dynasties of Kalinga[14] and the diplomatic relations between Funan and the Murunda dynasty of northern Kalinga during 3rd cen CE, when King Dhamadamadhara (Dharmatamadharasya) of Murunda received envoy Su-Wu representing King Fan Chan of Funan (225-250 CE).[15][16][14]

As per other legends, he was the son of king Adityavamsa “Intapah” who was banished from Indraprastha, located about 20 miles south of Delhi, India.[17]

Foundation of Funan and establishing the House of Kaundinya

As per the legends, an Indian merchant ship was attacked by the pirates led by Soma, daughter of the chieftain of the local

Khmer empire.[7][18][19]

References

  1. ^ "SEAlang Dictionary". www.sealang.net. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  2. ^ "The women who made Cambodia". The Phnom Penh Post. 19 May 2010.
  3. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1
    .
  4. ^ Rudiger Gaudes, Kaundinya, Preah Thong, and the Nagi Soma: Some Aspects of a Cambodian Legend
  5. JSTOR 45194224
    , retrieved 31 March 2021
  6. PMC 9800559
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-93-86057-61-7
    .
  8. ^ Sila Tripati (2002), Early Maritime Activities of Orissa on the East Coast of India: Linkages in Trade and Cultural Developments (PDF), Marine Archaeology Centre, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, retrieved 19 February 2021
  9. JSTOR 44158798
  10. ^ Sunil Kumar Patnaik, Sarita Nayak (November 2020), The Mountain Mahendragiri (PDF), Odisha Review, p. 20, retrieved 14 March 2021
  11. ISBN 978-81-208-1077-8
    .
  12. ISBN 9780824803681
    .
  13. ^ Le, Hien (22 September 2016), Indian Values in Oc Eo Culture Case Study – Go Thap, Dong Thap Province, American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), p. 174
  14. ^ a b Benudhar Patra (November 2011), Kalinga and Funan : A Study in Ancient Relations (PDF), Orissa Review, retrieved 4 April 2021
  15. doi:10.3406/befeo.1903.1216
    . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  16. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1
    .
  17. ^ Kenneth T. So. "Preah Khan Reach and The Genealogy of Khmer Kings" (PDF). Cambosastra. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-08. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  18. ISBN 9781139055482
    .
  19. ISBN 9780333241646
    .
Preceded by
King of Funan

1st century CE 		Succeeded by
Hun Pan-huang
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