Mount Kazbek

Coordinates: 42°41′57″N 44°31′06″E / 42.69917°N 44.51833°E / 42.69917; 44.51833
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Kazbek
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Mount Kazbek
Mount Kazbek
Highest point
Elevation5,054 m (16,581 ft)[1][2]
Prominence2,353 m (7,720 ft)[1]
Isolation113.6 km (70.6 mi) Edit this on Wikidata
ListingUltra
Coordinates42°41′57″N 44°31′06″E / 42.69917°N 44.51833°E / 42.69917; 44.51833[1]
Naming
Native name
  • მყინვარწვერი (Mqinvartsveri),
  • ყაზბეგი (Kazbegi)
  • Башлам (Bashlam)
  • Бешлоам (Beshloam)
  • Сӕна (Sæna)
  • Казбек (Kazbek)
Geography
Kazbegi is located in Caucasus mountains
Kazbegi
Kazbegi
Location of Mount Kazbegi within the Caucasus Mountains
Kazbegi is located in Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Kazbegi
Kazbegi
Kazbegi (Mtskheta-Mtianeti)
Location
CountriesRussia and Georgia
Parent rangeLateral Range
Caucasus
Geology
Mountain typeStratovolcano (dormant)
Last eruption750 BCE ± 50 years
Climbing
First ascentYosif Buzurtanov (late 18th century)[4][5]
Easiest routeBasic snow/ice climb

Mount Kazbek or Mount Kazbegi[a] is a dormant stratovolcano and one of the major mountains of the Caucasus, located in Georgia, just south of the border with Russia.[6]

Lying at 5,054 meters (16,581 ft) above at sea level, Mount Kazbek is the highest mountain in Eastern Georgia. It is also the third-highest peak in the country (after Mount Shkhara and Janga). Kazbegi is the second-highest volcanic summit in the Caucasus, after Mount Elbrus. The summit lies directly to the west of the town of Stepantsminda and is the most prominent geographic feature of the area.[6] The last eruption occurred c. 750 BCE.[6]

Origin of the name

The name Kazbeg is disputed; some claims are it is named after a Circassian nobleman who lived on it, other claims are it is named after local nobleman Dimitri Chopikashvili (grand father of the Georgian writer Aleksandre Kazbegi) got the title of "Kazbeg" from Georgian king Erekle II. The word "Kazbek" means a "nobleman" in Kabardian language. The title appeared under Georgian king Rostom in the 17th century. The name of the mountain in Georgian, Mqinvartsveri, translates to "Glacier Peak" or "Freezing Cold Peak".[7] The Ingush name Beshloam and Chechen name Bashlam translates as "Molten Mount".

Location

Kazbek is located on the

Kazbegi volcanic group which also includes Mount Khabarjina
(3,142 metres).

Owing to the steepness of its slopes, the glaciers of Kazbek are not very large.

solfatara
volcanic activity along the northern slope of the mountain, although there was no eruption. In addition to the 2002 event, a massive collapse of the Devdaraki Glacier on the mountain's northeastern slope which occurred on August 20, 2014, led to the death of seven people. The glacier collapse dammed the Terek River in the Daryal Gorge and flooded the Georgian Military Highway.

From 24 to 28 May 2019 Caucasus Skitouring Network organized an expedition to survey Mt. Kazbegi's height. On 27 May 2019 at 12:22 GMT+4, for the first time, a survey team placed a GPS receiver on the Mt. Kazbegi peak. The new height is defined with the WGS 84 datum. Height was determinate with 5mm accuracy. Defined height is 5053.927m.[citation needed]

Legend

Mount Kazbegi is associated in Georgian folklore with

Orthodox hermitage located in a cave called "Betlemi" (Bethlehem) at approximately the 4,000-meter level. According to legends, this cave housed many sacred relics, including Abraham's tent and the manger of the infant Jesus.[9]

According to

D. W. Freshfield, A. W. Moore, and C. Tucker[8] of the Alpine Club, with the guide François Devouassoud, guided by local Gveletians climbers, among them Tsogol Buzurtanov (son of Yosif Buzurtanov).[5] They were followed by Russian alpinists Vladimir Kozmin and Maria Preobrazhenskaya, who made the climb nine times starting in 1900.[citation needed
]

Mount Kazbek in Kazbegi, Georgia

Kazbegi nature reserve

The area around Mount Kazbegi was designated a nature reserve by the

alpine meadows
. Many of the plants and animals in the reserve are endemic to the Caucasus region.

Climate

Climate data for Kazbek, 5034 m asl (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		2.0
(35.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		7.8
(46.0) 		14.0
(57.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		15.0
(59.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		8.0
(46.4) 		21.0
(69.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −10.9
(12.4) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		4.7
(40.5) 		6.9
(44.4) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−1.4
(29.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.0
(6.8) 		−12.3
(9.9) 		−10.2
(13.6) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		1.7
(35.1) 		4.6
(40.3) 		5.5
(41.9) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−10.7
(12.7) 		−4.3
(24.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		2.3
(36.1) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−7.3
(18.9)
Record low °C (°F) −24.9
(−12.8) 		−28
(−18) 		−28
(−18) 		−20.4
(−4.7) 		−11
(12) 		−11.2
(11.8) 		−4
(25) 		−5
(23) 		−14
(7) 		−16
(3) 		−18
(0) 		−27
(−17) 		−28
(−18)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 88.0
(3.46) 		68.1
(2.68) 		56.8
(2.24) 		73.4
(2.89) 		123.3
(4.85) 		75.3
(2.96) 		96.9
(3.81) 		99.8
(3.93) 		65.5
(2.58) 		82.0
(3.23) 		107.0
(4.21) 		73.8
(2.91) 		1,009.9
(39.75)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 8.1 6.5 6.9 9.4 13.6 11.6 10.6 8.7 10.0 10.3 10.0 8.3 114
Source 1: Météo climat stats[10]
Source 2: Météo Climat [11]

See also

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^ Georgian: მყინვარწვერი, romanized: mq'invarts'veri, ყაზბეგი, romanized: q'azbegi; Chechen: Башлам, romanized: Bashlam; Ingush: Бешлоам, romanized: Beshloam; Ossetian: Сӕна, romanized: Sæna; Russian: Казбек, romanized: Kazbek

References

  1. ^ a b c "European Russia and the Caucasian States: Ultra-Prominence Page". peaklist.org. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
  2. ^ "Gora Kazbek, Georgia". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2015-05-25.
  3. ISBN 978-5-94849-423-4
    .
  4. ^ a b Арджеванидзе 1954, p. 227.
  5. ^ a b Дахкильгов 1989, p. 99.
  6. ^ a b c "Kazbek". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  7. ^ "მყინვარი", Donald Rayfield et al., A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary (2006)
  8. ^ a b c d  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kasbek". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 685.
  9. ISBN 962-217-748-4
    .
  10. ^ "Moyennes 1981-2010 Géorgie" (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Météo Climat stats for Kazbek". Météo Climat. Retrieved 11 November 2019.

Sources

  • Арджеванидзе, И.А. (1954). Военно-грузинская дорога: Краеведческий очерк с приложением схематической карты маршрута и библиографии [Georgian Military Road: Local history essay with the appendix of a schematic map of the route and bibliography] (in Russian). Tbilisi: Госиздат Грузинской ССР. pp. 1–250.
  • Дахкильгов, Ш.Э. (1989). Слово о родном крае (Записки краеведа) [A word about the native land (Notes of a local historian)] (in Russian).
    ISBN 5-7666-0023-2
    .

External links

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