Kedatuan

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Kota Kapur inscription contains the word kadatuan çrivijaya.

Kedatuan (

city-states or principalities throughout ancient Maritime Southeast Asia in the present-day Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. In a modern Indonesian/Malay sense, they could be described as kingdoms or polities.[1] The earliest written record mentioning the term kadatuan was the 7th-century Srivijayan Telaga Batu and Kota Kapur inscription from Sumatra, Indonesia.[2]

Etymology

Kedatuan and kadatuan are derived from the root word datu, which is derived from

Wayan (West Fijian); and lātū in Samoan. All of these have meanings related to leaders, heads of clans or ancestors, or men/women who are wealthy, respected, or skilled.[3]

In the

Muslim Filipinos, the datu was part of a more centralized political system (sultanates) that paid obeisance to a royal family of the sultans.[8][9][10]

The term kadatuan in

Kedatuan is known and widely spread in the

keraton (palace) complex. For example, there is the kedaton complex within the central part of Keraton Surakarta Palace in Central Java.[12]

Political relations

Smaller kedatuan often became subordinated to more powerful neighboring kedatuan, which in turn were subordinate to a central king (

suzerain and sometimes enjoyed times of independence, and in turn, might have subjugated neighboring kedatuan.[citation needed] Kedatuan, large and small, often shifted allegiance or paid tribute to more than one powerful neighbor.[citation needed
]

Some kedatuan, such as Srivijaya, rose to become empires. It is suggested that during its early formation, Srivijaya was a collection or some kind of federation consisting of several kadatuans (local principalities), all swearing allegiance to the central ruling kadatuan ruled by the Srivijayan maharaja.[2]

See also

  • Barangay
    , a specific term for the same system of independent and semi-independent city-states used in the Philippines
  • Mueang, a similar concept in mainland Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand and Laos
  • Mandala, political model in ancient Southeast Asia

References

  1. ^ Definition of 'Kedatuan'
  2. ^ a b c d Reynold Sumayku (September 2013). "Sriwijaya: Kadatuan atau Jaringan Pelabuhan". National Geographic Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  3. ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen. "Cognate Sets: *d". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  4. .
  5. .
  6. ^ Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, The Philippine Islands (1493–1898), Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XL
  7. .
  8. ^ Castro, Alex R. (27 April 2018). "Mindanao Royalty: In the Realm of Muslim Majesties". Town&Country. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  9. ^ Ibañez-Nolasco, Liberty (2004). "The Traditional Maranaw Governance System: Descriptives, Issues and Imperatives for Philippine Public Administration" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Public Administration. 48 (1 & 2): 155–203.
  10. ^ Bruno, Juanito A (1973). The Social World of the Tausug. p. 146.
  11. ^ The ancient Kadatuan or Tumao.(Philippine History Files)
  12. ^ "Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat Tata Ruang, Arsitektur dan Maknanya" (in Indonesian). Kamus Ilmiah. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.