Sultan of Kelantan

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Kelantan Sultanate
)

Sultan of Kelantan
سلطان كلنتن
State
Arms of His Royal Highness the Sultan of Kelantan
Incumbent
Sultan Muhammad V
since 13 September 2010
Details
StyleHis Royal Highness
Heir presumptiveTengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra
First monarchRaja Sang Tawal (1267–1339)
Muhammad I (First modern Sultan of Kelantan)
Formation1267; 757 years ago (1267)
ResidenceIstana Negeri, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Websitepejsultan.kelantan.gov.my

The Sultan of Kelantan (سلطان كلنتن) is the constitutional head of

Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the monarch and head of state of Malaysia from 13 December 2016 to his abdication on 6 January 2019, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243rd (special) Conference of Rulers.[1]

History

Kelantan was historically a powerful state with trade links with early Chinese, Indian and Siamese civilisations. After being a

]

In 1760, the raja at Kubang Labu, variously identified by accounts as either Long Muhammad or Long Pandak, succeeded in reuniting the disparate territories under a single ruler.[citation needed] Four years later, he was overthrown by Long Yunus, an aristocratic warlord of Pattani origin, who seized the throne and proclaimed himself Raja of Kelantan. Following the death of Raja Yunus in 1795, control of the state was passed to Terengganu. In 1800, Long Muhammad, son of Yunus, declared himself Sultan Muhammad I. He was eventually accepted by the Siamese as ruler of a separate tributary, in 1812.[citation needed]

In September 2010, Sultan Ismail Petra was constitutionally deposed by the State Succession Council in favour of his eldest son, Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra (now the current sultan). The elder sultan had failed to sufficiently recover from a debilitating stroke from the previous May.[citation needed] This was followed by several months of litigations made by lawyers acting on behalf of the former sultan.

Residences

Palace of the Sultan of Kelantan, 1912.

Succession

The Sultan Ismail Petra Arch in Kota Bharu

The

Muslim. The crown prince is also subjected to the same rule. The constitution states that the Sultan must come from the line of Sultan Ismail Petra, only if there are no longer eligible descendant of him, then the Sultan should be chosen from the descendant of Sultan Yahya Petra
and so on.

The order of the descendants, in descending order of degree of kinship : Sultan Ismail Petra, Sultan Yahya Petra, Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Ismail, Sultan Muhammad IV.

Current order of succession

The current order of succession is as follow:

- previous Sultan - current Sultan

List of dynasties and rulers

Sultans and Rajas of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka Dynasty

  • 1267–1339: Raja Sang Tawal (Abdullah), Raja of
    Singgora
    , finally settling in Kelantan here he established a new capital
  • 1339–1362: Sultan Mahmud Shah ibnu 'Abdu'llah, Raja of Lankasuka and Kelantan, son of Paduka Sri Sang Tawal
  • 1362–1418: Sultan Baki Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Raja of Chermin, son of Sultan Mahmud ibnu Abdullah, Raja of Langkasuka and Kelantan
  • 1418–1429: Sultan Sadik Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Baki Shah [Maulana Nenggiri]
  • 1429–1467: Sultan Iskandar Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Baki Shah
  • 1467–1522: Sultan Mansur Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Iskandar Shah
  • 1522–1526: Sultan Gombak Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah
  • 1526–1547: Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Muda Mansur Shah II, son of Raja Muda Mansur Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Gombak Shah. Succeeded on the death of his grandfather
  • 1547–1561: Sultan Mansur Shah III ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Shah
  • 1561–1565: Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah III (first time)
  • 1565–1570: Raja Umar bin Raja Ahmad bin Raja Muhammad ibni Sultan Gombak Shah, Raja Muhammad bith in of (Terengganu)
  • 1570–1579: Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah III (second time)

Sultans and Rajas from Jembal Dynasty

  • 1579–1597: Sultan Addil ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-din (1 time)
  • 1597–1602: Sultan Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim
  • 1602–1605: Sultan Addil ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-din (2 time), Raja of Kelantan
  • 1605–1616: Sultan Samir ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-din, Raja of Kelantan, son of Nik Jamal ud-din bin Wan Abul Muzaffar, Deputy King of Champa
  • 1616–1637: Sultan 'Abdu'l Kadir ibni al-Marhum Sultan Samir ud-din
  • 1637–1649: Raja Sakti I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Kadir, Raja of Kelantan-Utara (Jembal) and
    Patani
  • 1649–1663: Raja Loyor bin Raja Sakti I
  • 1663–1667: Interregnum or queen Puteri Saadong
  • 1667–1671: Ratu Sa'adong I binti Raja Loyor, Putri Vijaya Mala, Raja of Jembal
  • 1671–1676: Sultan Abdul Rahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Samir ud-din Bahar
  • 1675–1721: Sultan Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I

Sultans and Rajas of Patani Dynasty

18th century

  • 1721–1734: Raja Long Bahar bin Dato' Pengkalan Tua Wan Daim, son of a Bugis adventurer who arrived and settled in Patani around 1640. Styled Laksamana and Tuan Long Besar before his accession. Succeeded his father-in-law, as Regent 1715. Became Raja of
    Patani
    soon afterwards, but was expelled by Raja Bendang Badan in 1716. Succeeded on the death of his grand father-in-law, as Raja of Kelantan-Utara (Jembal), before 22 October 1721. Assumed the title of Sultan. He married his first wife, Raja Mas Kelantan of Patani (d. 1707), daughter of Raja Bakar of Patani. His second marriage was to Pah binti Raja Sakti, daughter of Raja Sakti II of Kelantan. His daughter is Sri Biji di-Raja of Patani.
  • 1734–1739; 1746–1756: Raja Long Sulaiman Bin Long Bahar, son of Long Bahar and his father's first wife Raja Mas Kelantan. Succeeded on the death of his father, 1734. Deposed by his cousin in 1739 and restored again in 1746 and lastly deposed by his son-in-law in 1756.
  • 1739–1746: Interregnum during the First Kelantanese Civil War between Raja Long Pandak of the western faction and Raja Long Sulaiman of the eastern faction.
  • 1756–1758: Raja Long Pandak bin Tuan Sulung Bin Dato' Pengkalan Tua Wan Daim. Succeeded as ruler of West Kelantan around 1717. Granted the title of Dato' Sri Maharaja by Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Syah of Johor on 1741. Later recognised as ruler of all Kelantan by his brother-in-law, Long Derahman, and installed at Fort Kubang Labu, 1756.
  • 1758–1763: Raja Long Muhammad bin Tuan Sulung. Appointed heir apparent (Raja Muda) by his brother in 1756. Proclaimed as Raja of Kelantan by Long Derahman, at Fort Kubang Labu, before 1758. Expelled from Kubang Labu by Long Yunus before 1763.
  • 1765–1795: Raja Long Yunus bin Raja Long Sulaiman. Expelled Long Muhammad and became Raja of Kelantan at Fort Kubang Labu, before 1763. Became Raja and Yang di-Pertuan of Kelantan, 1776 and installed as Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Kelantan by his father-in-law Sultan Mansur Shah I of Terengganu in 1793. Married his first wife before 1741, Jumat, Inche' Puan Balai Dua, daughter of Engku Tanang Wangsa of Trengganu. His second marriage around 1793 was to Inche' Encik Tuan Nawi, daughter of Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I of Terengganu.
  • 1795–1800: Tengku Muhammad ibni Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I of Terengganu. First marriage on 1764 to Engku Wan Teh, daughter of Paduka Sri Raja Long Yunus. Installed as second Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Kelantan in 1795 after his father-in-law's death. Defeated by Long Muhammad in 1800.

19th century

20th century

Sultan Muhammad IV ibni Sultan Muhammad III, c. 1909–1910
  • 1899–1920: Sultan Muhammad IV Ibni Sultan Muhammad III. Born in Kota Bharu on 23 May 1870, son of Sultan Muhammad III and his wife Tengku Sofia. He was granted the title of Tengku Sri Indra on 23 September 1890. Appointed as heir presumptive(as Raja Muda) on 25 July 1898 and then granted the title of Phaya Bpakdi Sri Sultan Muhammad Ratna Nuchit Siti Santun Wiwangsa Pia Kelantan by the
    King of Siam
    . Succeeded on the death of his childless uncle on 17 June 1899. Installed as Raja Kelantan and Yang di-Pertuan on 9 February 1900. Kelantan was transferred to British Protection on 19 July 1909. Crowned as Paduka Sri Baginda Sultan Muhammad IV on 22 June 1911. Altered the name of the state to Negeri Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, July 1916. Founded the Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat di-Hormatai (Royal Family Order) and the Paduka Mahkota Kelantan al-Muhammad (the Order of the Crown of Kelantan of Muhammad) on 1916. Married his first wife in 1888, Nik Wan Zainab binti Nik Wan Muhammad Amin (1877–1928) whom was crowned as sultanah on 15 February 1916. He died at the Istana, Kota Bharu, 23 December 1920 and buried at the Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar.
  • 1920–1944: Sultan Ismail ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV. Born in Kota Bharu on 20 August 1880, eldest son of Sultan Muhammad IV. Granted the title of Tengku Sri Jaya Raja and prom. to Tengku Sri Indra Mahkota 11 March 1901. Granted the title of Phra Rattasadana Adipati Putra by the King of Siam 1901. Appointed as heir apparent and formally invested with the title of Raja Kelantan on 22 June 1911. Succeeded on the death of his father on 23 December 1920. Crowned at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 28 April 1921. Married his first wife Tengku Petri binti Tengku Long. While his second wife was Tengku Nik bin Tengku Kaya Pahlawan and third wife was Wan Mek, from Bukit Marak. His fourth wife was Tengku Sri Mariam binti Tengku Ahmad. He died from tuberculosis, at Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu on 20 June 1944 and was buried in the Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar.
  • 1944–1960: Sultan
    cerebral haemorrhage
    at Istana Sri Cemerlang, Kota Bharu on 9 July 1960 and buried at the Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar.
Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Sultan Ibrahim
Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Sultan Yahya Petra
  • 1979–2010: Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra Sultan. Born at Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu on 11 November 1949, eldest son Yahya Petra and Tengku Zainab. Educated privately and at Sultan Ismail College, Kota Bharu. Installed as heir apparent (as Tengku Mahkota) on 11 November 1967. Served as regent during the absence of his father from the state (6–25 July 1974; 12 July–28 August 1975; 21 September–29 March 1979). Succeeded on the death of his father on 29 March 1979. Crowned at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu on 30 March 1980. He was formally deposed in favour of his eldest son by the Kelantan Royal Succession Council of State, on the grounds of incapacity after failing to fully recover from a debilitating stroke on 13 September 2010 (after an amendment to the state constitution gazetted 22 July 2010). Thereafter styled Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Ismail Petra. He was Maj TA (1 November 1974), prom Hon Lieut-Col (1 January 1976), Hon Col (15 March 1988), and Hon Maj-Gen, Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Artillery Regt (1997), and of the Royal Intelligence Corps. Hon D.Phil. from the University Malaysia Sabah (2007). He was patron of the Royal Kelantan Club until 1992. Rcvd: DK, SPMK, SJMK, SPKK, SPSK, DMN, SMN (25 February 1959), DK of Negri Sembilan, Selangor (13 November 1988), Johor, Kedah, Perak, Terengganu, and Perlis, DKMB of Brunei, DPSS of Sarawak, DP of Sarawak. His first marriage was on 4 December 1968 (for nikah) and 12 March 1969 (for zifaf), to Tengku Anis binti Tengku Abdul Hamid (born 1949). His second marriage to Cik Puan Elia Suhana binti Ahmad (born 1979) was at Kota Bharu, Kelantan on 23 December 2007 but they divorced on 12 February 2010. He died of heart failure at Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu on 28 September 2019 and was buried at the Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar.

21st century

List of modern Kelantan sultans (1899–present)

Name
Duration of reign Portrait
(Coronation, when available)
Birth
Date, location, parents
Birth Name Marriage Death Age House Ref.
20th century
Muhammad IV
Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III
10 February 1899

23 December 1920
21 years, 318 days 23 May 1870 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, British Malaya
Son of Sultan Muhammad III ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad and Tengku Ampuan Sofia binti al-Marhum Tengku Putih
Sultanah Zainab binti Nik Muhammad Amin

1888

9 children

23 December 1920
Kota Bharu, Kelantan
50 years, 214 days Long Yunus [3]
Ismail
Sultan Ismail ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV
23 August 1920

20 June 1944
23 years, 303 days 20 August 1880
Kota Bharu, Kelantan, British Malaya
Son of Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III and Sultanah Zainab binti Nik Muhammad Amin
Tengku Petri binti Tengku Long
13 March 1910
2 children
20 June 1944
Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
63 years, 305 days Long Yunus [4]
Ibrahim
Sultan Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad IV
21 June 1944

9 July 1960
16 years, 19 days 9 October 1897
Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Unfederated Malay States
Son of Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III and Sultanah Zainab binti Nik Muhammad Amin
Raja Perempuan Zainab binti Tengku Zainal Abidin
1914
27 children
9 July 1960
Istana Sri Cemerlang, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Federation of Malaya
62 years, 274 days Long Yunus [4]
Yahya Petra
Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim
10 July 1960

29 March 1979
18 years, 263 days 10 December 1917
Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Unfederated Malay States, British Malaya
Son of Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV and Che Puan Besar Embong Binti Daud
Tengku Yahya Petra ibni Tengku Ibrahim Tengku Zainab Binti Tengku Muhammad Petra
1939
5 children

Tengku Alexandria Binti Tengku Yusuf
1 child

29 March 1979
Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
61 years, 109 days Long Yunus [4]
Ismail Petra
Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra
30 March 1979

Abdicated

13 September 2010

31 years, 168 days 11 November 1949
Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaya
Son of Sultan Yahya Petra Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim and Tengku Zainab Binti Tengku Muhammad Petra
Tengku Ismail Petra ibni Tengku Yahya Petra Tengku Anis Binti Tengku Abdul Hamid

1968
4 children
Elia Suhana Binti Ahmad 2007–2010

28 September 2019
Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
69 years, 321 days Long Yunus [4]
21st century
Muhammad V
Sultan Muhammad V
13 September 2010

Present

13 years, 197 days 6 October 1969
Istana Batu, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Son of Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra and Tengku Anis Binti Tengku Abdul Hamid
Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra ibni Tengku Ismail Petra Tengku Zubaidah Binti Tengku Norudin (née Kangsadal Pipitpakdee) 2004–2008

Sultanah Nur Diana Petra Abdullah
(née Jana Jakoubková) 2010–present Rihana Oksana Gorbatenko 2018–2019

Alive 54 years, 173 days Long Yunus [4]

Timeline of Kelantan monarchs

Muhammad V of KelantanSultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra SultanSultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim SultanSultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IVSultan Ismail ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IVSultan Muhammad IV Ibni Sultan Muhammad III Sultan Muhammad III ibni Sultan Ahmad Ibni al-Marhum Sultan AhmadSultan Ahmad ibni Long Senik Mulut MerahSultan Muhammad II ibni al-Marhum Tengku Temenggong Long Tan bin Raja Long YunusTengku Long Zainal Abidin ibni al-Marhum Raja Long YunusSultan Muhammad ITengku Muhammad ibni Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I of TerengganuRaja Long Yunus bin Raja Long SulaimanRaja Long Muhammad bin Tuan SulungRaja Long Pandak bin Tuan Sulung Bin Dato' Pengkalan Tua Wan DaimRaja Long Sulaiman Bin Long BaharFirst Kelantanese Civil WarRaja Long Sulaiman Bin Long BaharRaja Long Bahar bin Dato' Pengkalan Tua Wan DaimSultan Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti ISultan Abdul Rahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Samir ud-din BaharinRatu Sa'adong I binti Raja LoyorPuteri SaadongRaja Loyor bin Raja Sakti IRaja Sakti I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l KadirSultan 'Abdu'l Kadir ibni al-Marhum Sultan Samir ud-dinSultan Samir ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-dinSultan Addil ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-dinSultan Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan IbrahimSultan Addil ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-dinPaduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan MansurRaja Umar bin Raja Ahmad of TerengganuSultan Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan MansurSultan Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad ShahSultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja MansurSultan Gombak ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur ShahSultan Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Iskandar ShahSultan Iskandar Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Baki ShahSultan Sadik Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Baki ShahSultan Baki Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan MahmudSultan Mahmud ibnu 'Abdu'llahRaja Sang TawalSultans and Rajas of Patani DynastySultans and Rajas from Jembal DynastySultans and Rajas of the Malay Kingdom of Jambi Dynasty

See also

References

  1. ^ Nst
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Muhammad Ismail Ibrahim (17 March 2011). Kelantan's Castle: The Royal Palace. The Kelantan Times. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  3. ^ "Anne (r. 1702–1714)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e "George I (r. 1714–1727)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.