Khamag Mongol

Khamag Mongol Хамаг Монголын ханлиг
1130–1206
SONG DYNASTY PAGAN DALI KHMER AYYUBID SULTANATE SULTANATE OF RUM GO- RYEO ◁ ▷ The Mongol Confederation ( ) and contemporary polities in continental Asia circa 1200.
Ethnic groups		Mongols
Religion	Tengrism Mongolian Shamanism
Government	Elective monarchy
Khan
• 1130–1148	Khabul Khan (1st recorded Khan)
• 1148–1156	Ambaghai Khan (2nd)
• 1156–1160	Hotula Khan (3rd)
• 1160–1171	Yesugei (de facto)
• 1189–1206	Genghis Khan (last)
( Qarachar Barlas
• 1190s–1206	Shigi Qutuqu (last)
Legislature	Kurultai
Historical era	High Middle Ages
• Liao dynasty records the existence of the Khamag Mongol	10th–Century 1130
• Khabul Khan crowned	1130
• Death of Yesugei	1171
• Temujin becomes Khagan of the Khamag and given honorary name of Genghis Khan	1189
• Jamukha elected as a rival khan to Genghis	1201
• Jamukha defeated by Genghis Khan, who unifies the tribes and establishes the Mongol Empire	1206
Population
• 1200[1]	4,250,000
Preceded by Succeeded by Liao dynasty Proto-Mongols Mongol Empire
Today part of	China Mongolia Russia

History of Mongolia
Timeline States Rulers Nobility Culture Politics Geography Language Religion
Prehistoric period Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150 BC Deer stones culture 1400–700 BC Slab-grave culture 1100–300 BC Chandman culture 700–300 BC Pazyryk culture 600–300 BC
Ancient period Xiongnu 209 BC–93 AD Xianbei state 93–234 Rouran Khaganate 330–555 Göktürks (First, Eastern, and Second Turkic Khaganates) 555–630 682–744 Xueyantuo 628–646 Tang protectorate 647–682 Uyghur Khaganate 744–840 Liao dynasty 907–1125
Medieval period Mongol khanates 9th–12th century Khamag Mongol 1130–1206 Mongol Empire 1206–1368 Yuan dynasty 1271–1368 Northern Yuan 1368–1635 Oirat Confederation 1399–1634 Dzungar Khanate 1634–1757 Qing dynasty 1691–1911
Modern period National Revolution 1911 Bogd Khaganate 1911–1919 Chinese occupation 1919–1921 People's Revolution (Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate) 1921 1921–1924 People's Republic 1924–1992 Democratic Revolution 1990 Modern Mongolia 1990–present
v t e

Khamag Mongol (Mongolian: Хамаг монгол, romanized: Khamag mongol, lit. 'the whole Mongol'; Chinese: 蒙兀國) was a loose Mongolic tribal confederation (khanlig) on the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. It is sometimes considered to be a predecessor state to the Mongol Empire.^[2][3]

The existence of a somewhat mysterious tribal power known in Mongol tradition as Khamag Mongol Uls is recorded in sources of the

The first khan of Khamag Mongol recorded in history is Khabul Khan from the Borjigin clan. Khabul Khan successfully repelled the invasions of the Jurchen-led Jin armies. Khabul Khan was succeeded by Ambaghai Khagann of the Taichiud. Ambagai was captured by the Tatar confederation while delivering his daughter for marriage to their leadership. He was handed over to the Jin, who cruelly executed him. Ambaghai was succeeded by Hotula Khan, a son of Khabul Khan. Hotula Khan engaged the Tatars in 13 battles in an effort to obtain vengeance for the death of Ambagai Khan.

Khamag Mongol was unable to elect a khan after Hotula died. However, Khabul's grandson

Yesugei was poisoned by the Tatars and died shortly after in 1171, after which the Khamag Mongol began to disintegrate. Political anarchy and a power vacuum lasted until 1189 when Temujin became the Khan of the Khamag Mongol. War broke soon out between other Mongol tribes. Temujin's friend Jamukha was recognized by the rival tribes as Gurkhan (the universal ruler) in 1201 but he was defeated by the alliance of Khamag Mongol and Keraites.

When Tughril Khan refused to cement the alliance with the Khamag, Temujin's wars with the clans nearly destroyed him. Temujin united all clans on the Mongolian Plateau at last in 1206, when he was given the title Genghis Khan.

See also

• List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans
• Mongol Empire

Notes

References

Citations