Khortytsia
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2014) |
Native name: Хортиця | ||
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Region Zaporizhzhia | | |
District | Zaporizhzhia city (Voznesenivskyi District) |
Khortytsia (Ukrainian: Хортиця, pronounced [ˈxɔrtɪtsʲɐ]) is the largest island on the Dnieper river, and is 12.5 km (7.77 mi) long and up to 2.5 km (1.55 mi) wide.[1] The island forms part of the Khortytsia National Park.[1] This historic site is located within the city limits of Zaporizhzhia,[2] Ukraine.
The island has played an important role in the history of Ukraine, especially in the history of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The island has unique flora and fauna, including oak groves, spruce woods, meadows, and steppe. The northern part of the island is very rocky and high (rising 30 m or 98 ft above the river bed) in comparison to the southern part, which is low, and often flooded by the waters of the Dnieper.
Geography and location
Zaporizhzhia (direct translation is "beyond the rapids") takes its name from a geographic area downstream of the Dnieper river past the ninth rapid (see Dnieper Rapids). In the 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station was built, these rapids were flooded. Only granite cliffs, rising to the height of 50 m (160 ft), testify to the original rocky terrain of the region.
On Khortytsia at Savutyn summit, near a ravine of the same name, are three 74.5-metre-tall (244 ft) electrical transmission towers, called Zaporizhzhia Pylon Triple, which are part of a 150 kV powerline crossing the Dnieper river.[3]
History
Khortytsia has been continuously inhabited during the last five millennia. Other islands in the immediate vicinity also contain indications of intensive occupation during the
In the
The earliest record about a stronghold known as a
There are eight of them: Bazavluk (1593–1630), Mykytyn (1628–1652), Chortomlyk (1652–1709), Kamin (1709–1711), Oleshkiv (1711–1734), Pidpilna (1734–1775). All these places were at river crossings. The uprising led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky was started at the Mykytyn Sich in 1648. Legends state that Cossacks wrote the notorious Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire on Khortytsia.
In 1775, the Sich was destroyed by the Russian general Tekhely on the order of
In 1830, many of these Cossacks moved and established a new sich on the Azov sea shore (between Mariupol and Berdiansk). The last Koshevoy Ataman (leader) of Zaporozhian Sich, Petro Kalnyshevsky, was imprisoned at Solovetsky Island Monastery aged 85. After 25 years in prison he was released and died almost blind at the monastery, aged 113.
In 1789,
In 1965, Khortytsia Island was "proclaimed a historical and cultural reserve".[1] The Dnieper Rapids state historical and cultural reserve was established in 1974; this included both Khortytsia Island, adjacent islands and rocks, and part of the right bank of the Dnieper.[1] The total area of the reserve is 2,359 ha (5,830.1 acres; 9.1 sq mi).[1] The reserve was given national status in 1993.[1]
National Reserve
The major part of the reserve (historic park) covers the Zaporizhian Cossack Museum that includes the Cossack horse show. The museum building is modern, nestling low in the landscape with dramatic views of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station to the north. The museum was opened in October 1983, as the Museum of Zaporizhzhia History. The museum project was approved by the Ministry of Culture and Derzhbud of Ukraine in December 1970. The expo area of the museum was 1,600 m2 (17,000 sq ft), and portrayed the following themes: Khortytsia in ancient times, the history of the Zaporizhian Cossacks, and the history of Zaporizhzhia at times of construction of socialism.
There were four dioramas: "Battle of Sviatoslav at rapids" (author M. Oviechkin), "Uprising of the impoverished cossacks at Zaporizhian Sich in 1768" (M. Oviechkin), "Construction of Dnieper HES" (V. Trotsenko), "Night storm of Zaporizhzhia city in October 1943" (M. Oviechkin). Part of the museum became the Zaporizhzhian Oak located at the Upper Khortytsia. In 1992 the exposition of the museum was redesigned.
The museum contains exhibits dating from the Stone Age through the
) down to the 20th century.See also
- Khortytsia District
- Russian Mennonite
Bibliography
- Bürgers, Jana (2006). "Mythos und Museum. Kosakenmythos und Nationsbildung in der postsowjetischen Ukraine am Beispiel des Kosakengeschichtsmuseums auf der Insel Chortycja". In Pietrow-Ennker, Bianka (ed.). Kultur in der Geschichte Russlands (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3-525-36293-5.
- Ganzer, Christian (2005). Sowjetisches Erbe und ukrainische Nation. Das Museum der Geschichte des Zaporoger Kosakentums auf der Insel Chortycja. Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society (in German). Vol. 19. Preface by Frank Golczewski. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3-89821-504-0.
References
- ^ a b c d e f ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ ОБЛАСНИЙ ТУРИСТИЧНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ЦЕНТР (in Ukrainian). Zaporizhzhia Regional Tourist Information Centre, National Park Khortytsia. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ ОБЛАСНИЙ ТУРИСТИЧНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ЦЕНТР (in Ukrainian). Zaporizhzhia Regional Tourist Information Centre, Zaporizhzhia. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ "Исторические переходы ЛЭП 150кВ на Хортице Dnipro river crossing 150kV (Zaporizhzhia Pylon Triple)" (in Russian and English). PowerLiner. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
External links
- Media related to Khortytsia at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website of Khortytsia National Reserve
- Official website of Historic Cultural Complex Zaporizhian Sich
- website of Lapidarium