Khulna
Khulna
খুলনা | |
---|---|
KWASA | |
Literacy rate | 71.5%[3] |
Khulna (Bengali: খুলনা, [ˈkʰulna]) is the third-largest city in Bangladesh, after Dhaka and Chittagong.[4] It is the administrative center of the Khulna District and the Khulna Division. Khulna's economy is the third-largest in Bangladesh, contributing $53 billion in gross regional domestic product and $95 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2020. In the 2024 census, the city corporation area (Khulna City and its surrounding areas) had a population of 884,445.[5]
Khulna is on the
A colonial steamboat service, which includes the Tern, Osrich and Lepcha, operates on the river route to the city. Khulna is considered the gateway to the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger. It is north of the Mosque City of Bagerhat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[6][7]
History
Khulna was part of the ancient kingdoms of
After Ali's death, the city became part of the
Khulna was ruled by autonomous Bengali nawabs until 1793 when the British East India Company abolished nizamat (local rule) and took control of the city. Becoming part of Jessore District in 1842, it became the headquarters of Khulna District (the Khulna and Bagerhat subdivisions of Jessore District, the Satkhira subdivision of 24 Parganas district, and the Sundarbans) in 1882.[9] Khulna had a pouroshava (municipal council) in 1884, which became a municipal corporation in 1984.
Before 19 August 1947, Khulna District was part of undivided Bengal. Khulna first declared itself as part of India in 1947, and the Indian flag was flown on 15 August. Syed Mohammad Abdul Halim (an official of the Bengali civil service) requested Khulna's inclusion in Pakistan, and the boundary commission declared that the city was part of
During the
Geography
Khulna is Bangladesh's third-largest city, after Dhaka and Chittagong. It is in the southwestern part of the country, on the Rupsha and Bhairab Rivers. Even though the city corporation area is 45.65 square Kilometres, The total city area covers 150.57 square kilometres (58.14 sq mi),[12] and Khulna District covers 4,394.46 square kilometres (1,696.71 sq mi). Khulna is south of Jessore and Narail District, east of Satkhira District, west of Bagerhat and north of the Bay of Bengal. It is part of the Ganges Delta, the world's largest river delta. Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest, is in the southern part of the delta. Tidal-flat ecosystems are adjacent to the city.[13] Khulna is in the northern part of the district, and the Mayur River is the western boundary of its metropolitan area.
Climate
In the
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.6 (78.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
33.1 (91.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
29.9 (85.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.4 (52.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.3 (0.52) |
44.4 (1.75) |
52.1 (2.05) |
87.5 (3.44) |
200.0 (7.87) |
335.6 (13.21) |
398.8 (15.70) |
323.5 (12.74) |
254.7 (10.03) |
129.8 (5.11) |
32.1 (1.26) |
6.6 (0.26) |
1,878.4 (73.95) |
Average rainy days | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 95 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
78 | 74 | 73 | 76 | 79 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 80 | 79 | 81 |
Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department[14][15][16][17][18] |
Administration
Khulna Municipal Council was founded on 12 December 1884. It became a
The
Military
Khulna is one of two principal naval command centers for the Bangladesh Navy. The BNS Titumir naval base is in the city. Jahanabad Cantonment, containing the Army Service Corps Center and School (ASCC&S), is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Khulna.
Demographics
In the
Like the rest of Bangladesh, most of the city's population is
Most residents speak Bengali (the national language), its dialects, and regional languages. English is understood by a large segment of the population, especially in business. An Urdu-speaking population, descendants of Muslims displaced from Bihar in 1947 who sought refuge in East Bengal, lives in the city's Khalishpur area.
Islam is Khulna's major religion, practiced by 90.04% of the population. Other religions are Hinduism (practiced by 8.71%), and Christianity (1.23%).[19]
Economy
Khulna is Bangladesh's third-largest economic center. North of the
Transport
Road
Rickshaws are the most popular means of public transport in Khulna for short trips, and auto rickshaws are also common. Nagar Paribahan buses have frequent service between Rupsha and Phultala, with stops throughout Khulna. Motorcycles are popular among the middle class, but wealthier people prefer a private car.
The N7 highway connects Khulna with the rest of Bangladesh, and the Khulna City Bypass is a major road. The R760 connects Satkhira and western Khulna Districts. There are several nationwide bus services available in Khulna (most privately owned), and the Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation operates inter-district buses from the city. Sonadanga Bus Terminal is Khulna's main bus terminal. Major bus routes include Khulna-Jessore-Dhaka; Khulna-Goplaganj-Dhaka; Khulna-Jessore-Kushtia; Khulna-Satkhira; Khulna-Bagerhat; Khulna-Mongla; Khulna-Narail; Khulna-Barisal; Khulna-Rajshahi; Khulna-Faridpur; Khulna-Kuakata, and Khulna-Dhaka-Chittagong.
Rail
Air
Water
Several passenger launches and cargo services operate from the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority launch terminal in the city.
Public transport
There is public transportation in Khulna city through the mid 19's. Buses of that urban transportation of Khulna city were called 'Murir Tin'. Today besides the urban transportation buses,
Education
Educational institutions in the city include
Sports
Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium, the city's international sports venue (hosting test cricket, One Day International and Twenty20 International matches), became Bangladesh's seventh test-cricket venue on 21 November 2012; it also hosts several Bangladesh Premier League matches.[24] Khulna District Stadium hosts other domestic sports and cultural events.
Media
Print media include the Daily Purbanchal, Daily Janmabhumi, Daily Shomoyer Khobor and Dakhinanchal Protidin. The Daily Tribune is the only English-language newspaper. Electronic media include the Khulna Gazette,[25] Protidin Shebok,[26] Shomoyer Khobor.[27] Radio stations are Bangladesh Betar Khulna, Radio Today (89.6 MHz), Radio Foorti (88.0), and Radio Khulna FM (88.8).
Tourism
The Sundarbans, in Khulna District, is home to the Bengal tiger and the world's largest virgin mangrove forest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[28] The Mosque City of Bagerhat, in Bagerhat District about 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Khulna, is also a World Heritage Site.[29]
Rabindra Complex is in the village of Dakkhindihi, 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Khulna. Tagore visited the home of Rabindranath Tagore's father-in-law, Beni Madhab Roy Chowdhury, several times. The museum has been renovated and is administered by Bangladesh's Department of Archaeology.[30] The Khulna Divisional Museum, founded in 1998, was established by the country's Department of Archaeology.
2008 Corporation election
The 2008 Khulna City Corporation election was an election in Khulna held on 8 May 2008 to elect the Mayor of Khulna. Talukder Abdul Khaleque was elected as next mayor of the Khulna City Corporation in May 2008.[31][32]
Notable residents
- Khan Jahan Ali – Sufi saint
- Khan A Sabur – Politician
- Prafulla Chandra Ray – Chemist
- Jatiyo Sangsad
- Tanvir Mokammel – Filmmaker and writer
- Firoz Mahmud- Visual artist and painter
- Nilima Ibrahim- Educationist, littérateur and social worker
- Prafulla Chandra Sen – Former West Bengal chief minister
- Sheikh Abu Naser – Politician
- Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah - Poet
- Qazi Imdadul Haq – Writer
- Humayun Kabir Balu – Renowned journalist, Freedom fighter and Ekushey Padak winner in journalism
- SM Shafiuddin Ahmed – 17th Chief of Army Staff (CAS) of Bangladesh Army
- Sheikh Salahuddin – Former cricketer
- Bishnu Chattopadhyay – Freedom fighter and peasant leader
- Abdur Razzak – Cricketer
- Manjural Islam Rana – Cricketer
- Popy(Sadia Parvin Popy) – Actress, model
- Moushumi (Arifa Pervin Moushumi) – Actress, model
- Salma Khatun – Cricketer
- Jahanara Alam – Cricketer
- Rumana Ahmed – Cricketer
- Mehedi Hasan– Cricketer
- Bibhuti Roy – Engineer
- Puja Cherry Roy– Actress
- Afif Hossain – Cricketer
- Nurul Hasan Sohan – Cricketer
- Ayasha Rahman – Cricketer
- Shukhtara Rahman– Cricketer
- Tahin Tahera – Cricketer
- Shaila Sharmin – Cricketer
- Md. Rafiqul Islam- Editor/ Secretary General: Parliament Watch
- Ziaur Rahman – Cricketer
- Amit Majumder, Cricketer
- Sheikh Mohammad Aslam, Footballer
- Abdus Salam Murshedy, Footballer, Politician
- Mamun Joarder, Footballer
- Dibbendu Dwip, Writer
-
Prafulla Chandra Ray
-
Sheikh Razzak Ali meeting with Queen Elizabeth II
-
General SM Shafiuddin Ahmed
-
Firoz Mahmud
-
Tanvir Mokammel
References
- ^ "Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava −2001" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ "Basic Statistics". Khulna City Corporation.
- ^ Tapan Palit (2012). "Khulna City Corporation". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Bangladesh–10 Largest Cities". Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "Khulna City Corporation - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ISBN 9780761476313.
- ISBN 9780754609452.
- ^ "জেলার ঐতিহ্য". Khulna District Portal. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ a b Hunter, William Wilson (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 287.
- ^ Salik, Siddiq, Witness to Surrender, pp126
- ^ "War of Liberation, The". Banglapedia. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava – 2001 (pdf-file) Retrieved on 29 September 2008.
- doi:10.1890/130260.
- ^ "Monthly Maximum Temperature". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Monthly Minimum Temperature". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Normal Monthly Rainfall". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Normal Monthly Rainy Day". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Normal Monthly Humidity". Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ a b c "Community Series - Khulna District" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ "Khan Jahan Ali Airport no longer a priority project". 29 June 2021.
- ^ "Khulna University of Engineering and Technology".
- ^ "Khulna University". Archived from the original on 3 March 2019.
- ^ "Academic activities of Khulna Agricultural University commence". United News of Bangladesh. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "BPL 2013 to kick off on January 17". ESPN Cricinfo. 11 October 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ^ "Khulna Gazette" (in Bengali). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "Protidin Shebok Newsportal" (in Bengali). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "Shomoyer Khobor" (in Bengali). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "The Sundarbans". World Heritage List. UNESCO. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ "Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat". World Heritage List. UNESCO. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ "Rabindra museum draws huge crowd". The Independent (Bangladesh). Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ "Awami Leagues sweeps to victory in local elections". 8 May 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ "AL candidates rule city polls". The Daily Star. 5 August 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
External links
- Official Website of Khulna City Corporation
- Govt. website of Khulna
- Khulna District on Banglapedia
- Khulna Guide at Discovery Bangladesh
- [1]
- [2]