Khutbah
Part of a series on |
Islam |
---|
Khutbah (
Such sermons occur regularly, as prescribed by the teachings of all legal schools. The Islamic tradition can be formally observed at the
Origins and definition
Religious narration (including sermons) may be pronounced in a variety of settings and at various times. The khutbah, however, refers to khutbah al-jum'a, usually meaning the address delivered in the mosque at weekly (usually Friday) and annual rituals. Other religious oratory and occasions of preaching are described as dars (a lesson) or waz (an admonition), and their formats differ accordingly.[1]
The khutbah originates from the practice of the
After the
Delivery
At the beginning of the service the adhan is given, during which the khatib (the individual who delivers the khutbah) remains sitting. The iqama is given when the khatib descends. The sermon is delivered in two parts. Both parts are delivered while khatib is standing and punctuated by a pause in between them when the khatib sits down. During the sermon itself, it is obligatory to pronounce the following:[3]
- the hamdala, or an expression to praise God and show gratitude towards him; saying al-hamdu li'llāh "Praise belongs to Allāh" at the beginning of the sermon is usually sufficient,[4]
- the salawaat, or invocations of peace and blessings on Muhammad,
- recitation of a part of the Qur'an in the first part of the sermon or, according to some doctrines, in both,
- admonitions to piety in both parts of the sermon,
- and dua (prayer) on behalf of the faithful.
Make your salat (prayer) long and your khutba (sermon) short.
The khatib must be in a state of
Historically, sermons were delivered in
Friday
One of the conditions for the validity of the Friday service is that it must be preceded by two sermons. The sermons are delivered when the number of auditors required for a valid j̲umu‘a are present.[clarification needed][3]
Traditionally, as instructed in classical Islamic legal treatises, Friday congregational prayers in which sermons were delivered were restricted to urban centers and normally to one major mosque in each city. Such a mosque is referred to as a masjid jami‘, that is, a "Friday Mosque" (or a "cathedral mosque"). These mosques were distinguished by their central location, large dimensions, monumental architecture, symbolic furnishings indicative of its exalted stature, and, the most demonstrative of all, the minbar (ritual pulpit).[1]
In contemporary times, Friday congregational prayers with sermons are common in mosques of all sizes and conditions, and not just restricted to a few central locations. Sermons are also dispensed through newspapers and broadcast on radio and television.[1]
Special occasions
Sermons on special occasions generally contain features that are relevant to the celebrations (e.g. Eid) or the natural phenomena for which they are delivered (e.g.
There is a slight difference in the sermon delivered on
Sovereign's name
In the pre-modern
The sovereign's name was also declared in khutbas during the Mughal rule;
Some Muslim monarchies practise this in their state-regulated sermons, including Brunei and Malaysia.[13][14]
Khutbah and the Ministries of Islamic Affairs in modern states
In a number of countries like
Related concept
See also
- Nahj al Balagha
- Qur'an reading
- The sermon for Necessities- a popular sermon in the Islamic world, particularly as the introduction to a khutbah during Jumu'ah.
Notes
- ^ a b c d "Khutba", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
- ^ "Khutba", Students' Britannica India, p.236
- ^ a b c d "Khutba", Encyclopaedia of Islam
- ^ "Ḥamdala", Encyclopaedia of Islam
- ^ Muslim, Ḏj̲umʿa, tr. 47, quoted in "Ḵh̲uṭba", Encyclopaedia of Islam
- ^ Usmani, Taqi (2001). Contemporary Fataawa. Idara-e-Islamiat. p. 31.
- ^ Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani. The Language of the Friday Khutab. Karachi, Pakistan. [https://ia800502.us.archive.org/34/items/TheLanguageOfTheFridayKhutbahByMuftiTaqiUsmani/TheLanguageOfTheFridayKhutbahBySheikhMuhammadTaqiUsmani.pdf Access via archive.org
- ^ p. 39. Aaliya Rajah-Carrim. 2010. "Mauritian Muslims: Negotiating Changing Identities Through Language." In Tope Omoniyi (Ed): The Sociology of Language and Religion (Change, Conflict, Accommodation), pp. 29-44. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
- ISBN 0-8166-2439-9.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Lewis p. 82-5
- ISBN 81-7156-820-3.
- ^ "Hentikan Segera Guna Nama Guan Eng Dalam Khutbah Jumaat" [Stop Immediately Using Guan Eng's Name in Friday Sermon]. mStar (in Malay). 20 August 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ "Sermon reader defends controversial prayer". The Star Online. 24 August 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ Egypt's new plan: 1 weekly sermon for over 80 million Muslims http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/egypt-unified-text-friday-sermon-criticism-mosques.html#ixzz4F2K6JT9k
- ^ https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/unified-friday-sermon-rings-out-across-egypt-first-time
- ^ https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230909-egypt-denies-artificial-intelligence-friday-khotba-claims
- ^ Hovannisian, p. 41-3
References
- Gaffney, Patrick D. "Khutba." Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Edited by Martin, Richard C. Macmillan Reference, 2004. vol. 1 p. 394. 20 April 2008
- Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu. Student's Britannica India. Popular Prakashan, 2000.
- Hovannisian, Richard G; Sabagh, Georges. Religion and Culture in Medieval Islam. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- Jones, Linda, Preaching and Sermons, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp. 478–482. ISBN 1610691776
- Lewis, Bernard. From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2004.
- Wensinck, A.J. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 20 April 2008
- Contemporary Fataawa, Idara-e-Islamiyat, 2001