Kiel
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2020) |
Kiel | |
---|---|
Urban district | |
Subdivisions | 18 districts |
Government | |
• Lord mayor | Ulf Kämpfer[1] |
• Governing parties | SPD / Greens / South Schleswig Voter Federation |
Area | |
• City | 118.6 km2 (45.8 sq mi) |
Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[3] | |
• City | 247,717 |
• Density | 2,100/km2 (5,400/sq mi) |
• Metro | 643,594[2] |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 24103–24159 |
Dialling codes | 0431 |
Vehicle registration | KI |
Website | www.kiel.de |
Kiel (German: [kiːl] ⓘ) is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021).
Kiel lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of
Kiel has also been one of the traditional homes of the
Kiel's recorded history began in the 13th century. Before then, in the eighth century, it was a Danish village. Until 1864 it was administered by Denmark in personal union. In 1866 the city was annexed by Prussia and in 1871 it became part of Germany.
Kiel was one of the founding cities of the original
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2022) |
Middle Ages
The capital of the county (later duchy) of
Modern times
The
From 1773 to 1864, the town belonged to the king of
During the
When William I of Prussia became Emperor
Because of its new role as Germany's main naval base, Kiel very quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in 1864 to about 200,000 in 1910. Much of the old town centre and other surroundings were levelled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city. The
Kiel was the site of the
There were several bombing raids of the port area during the period 20 February – 20 April 1945 which successfully eliminated many
Like other heavily bombed German cities, the city was rebuilt after the war. In 1946, Kiel was named the seat of government for Schleswig-Holstein, and it officially became the state's capital in 1952.[citation needed]
Today, Kiel is once again an important maritime centre of Germany, with high-tech shipbuilding,
Geography
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2022) |
Climate
Kiel has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Kiel (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1940–present[a]) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.4 (93.9) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
1.6 (34.9) |
4.3 (39.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 66.8 (2.63) |
49.7 (1.96) |
49.9 (1.96) |
39.7 (1.56) |
51.4 (2.02) |
65.1 (2.56) |
83.8 (3.30) |
77.3 (3.04) |
65.6 (2.58) |
72.1 (2.84) |
63.7 (2.51) |
70.5 (2.78) |
754.2 (29.69) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 18.6 | 16.8 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 15.3 | 15.6 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 190.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 5.0 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 16.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
86.7 | 84.1 | 80.3 | 74.8 | 73.4 | 73.9 | 73.8 | 75.5 | 79.4 | 82.5 | 86.5 | 88.0 | 79.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 40.2 | 60.5 | 115.4 | 190.3 | 243.7 | 228.3 | 242.2 | 216.7 | 155.1 | 106.2 | 50.3 | 31.4 | 1,673.2 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[17] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: DWD (extremes)[18][19] |
Note
- ^ Temperature data for Kiel have been recorded since 1940. The weather station data used from 1 January 1940 to 15 October 1988 came from Kiel-Kronshagen, and temperature data from 1 January 1974 to the present are from Kiel-Holtenau.
Districts
Kiel has about 40 districts, but there is no standard division. The districts are traditionally grouped into 30 boroughs (Stadtteile)[1]. Another, more recent structure summarizes the districts in 18 political districts (Ortsteile)[2]. The city has 25 electoral districts.
The biggest districts, by population, are Gaarden (23,000), Mettenhof (20,000) and Elmschenhagen (17,000). Gaarden, located at the southern end of the fjord, is a traditional working-class district that used to be home to mainly shipyard workers. Mettenhof is a large housing estate (satellite town) that was built in the 1960s and 1970s on the western outskirts of the city. The city districts of Düsternbrook, Schreventeich, Ravensberg and Blücherplatz, north of the city centre, are popular places to live with many 19th century buildings, villas and tree-lined streets. The government offices, ministries and parliament of the state of
Main sights
The oldest building in the city is the 13th century Church of St. Nicholas, which has a sculpture by Ernst Barlach in front of it called Geistkämpfer.
Kiel is
As Kiel is situated near the sea, the beaches to the north of Kiel, such as
Kiel Week, also known in English as the Kiel Regatta, is the largest sailing event in the world and takes place every year in the last full week in June. Many thousands of boats and ships of all kinds and eras take part in the parade. Kiel Week is also a festival, Volksfest and fair as well as a maritime event. There are a number of yachting and sailing clubs in picturesque settings.
Kiel also features a number of museums, including zoological, geological, historical, fine art, industrial and military museums. Notable is the Stadt- und Schifffahrtsmuseum Warleberger Hof (City and Maritime Museum), which belongs to the association museen am meer. In addition to preserving architecture from the 16th century and historic rooms with painted stucco ceilings, it displays urban and cultural exhibits of the 19th and 20th centuries.[21] Particularly intriguing is the history of the carnival in Kiel.[21]
The Schifffahrtsmuseum is in the former fish market building in the harbour.[citation needed]
Laboe is home to the
-
Holstenstraße Kiel 1917, by Willy Lucas
-
Historic ships at Kiel Week
-
Old Botanical Garden, Kiel
-
U995 Laboe
-
Warleberger Hof
-
Maritime Museum in the former fish market
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1300 | 1,000 | — |
1450 | 2,000 | +100.0% |
1682 | 3,310 | +65.5% |
1750 | 4,500 | +36.0% |
1871 | 31,764 | +605.9% |
1900 | 107,977 | +239.9% |
1919 | 205,330 | +90.2% |
1925 | 213,587 | +4.0% |
1933 | 218,335 | +2.2% |
1939 | 273,735 | +25.4% |
1951 | 259,629 | −5.2% |
1956 | 256,727 | −1.1% |
1961 | 273,284 | +6.4% |
1966 | 270,309 | −1.1% |
1971 | 269,437 | −0.3% |
1976 | 259,403 | −3.7% |
1981 | 249,786 | −3.7% |
1986 | 243,626 | −2.5% |
1991 | 247,107 | +1.4% |
1996 | 243,728 | −1.4% |
2001 | 232,242 | −4.7% |
2006 | 235,366 | +1.3% |
2011 | 242,041 | +2.8% |
2016 | 247,941 | +2.4% |
2021 | 246,243 | −0.7% |
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:[22][circular reference] |
Kiel has a population of 247,000. In 1946, when Kiel became the capital of Schleswig-Holstein state, it had about population of 214,000. Kiel is not only the largest German city located on the sea, but the only state capital located on the sea. In the 1950s Kiel, with its marine port, attracted members of the navy. Kiel had its highest peak of population in 1973 at 273,000. The population declined since then. Many people moved away from this city and Kiel became very poor and had a big problems with unemployed people at that time. Kiel is now a city with universities and active marine stations which attracts many young students and marines to Kiel.
Rank | Nationality | Population (31 Dec. 2022) |
---|---|---|
1 | Syria | 4,810 |
2 | Turkey | 4,430 |
3 | Ukraine | 3,558 |
4 | Iraq | 2,240 |
5 | Poland | 2,095 |
6 | Bulgaria | 1,355 |
7 | Thailand | 1,287 |
8 | Croatia | 1,015 |
9 | Russia | 835 |
10 | Iran | 693 |
Politics
Mayor
The current mayor of Kiel is Ulf Kämpfer of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The most recent mayoral election was held on 29 October 2019, and the results were as follows:
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulf Kämpfer | Social Democratic Party | 48,033 | 65.8 | |||
Andreas Ellendt | Christian Democratic Union | 14,776 | 20.3 | |||
Björn Thoroe | The Left | 6,643 | 9.1 | |||
Florian Wrobel | Die PARTEI | 3,513 | 4.8 | |||
Valid votes | 72,965 | 99.3 | ||||
Invalid votes | 500 | 0.7 | ||||
Total | 73,465 | 100.0 | ||||
Electorate/voter turnout | 193,653 | 37.9 | ||||
Source: City of Kiel |
City council
The Kiel city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 6 May 2018, and the results were as follows:
Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 26,617 | 29.9 | 5.8 | 18 | 1 | |
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 20,987 | 23.5 | 6.2 | 14 | 1 | |
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 18,215 | 20.4 | 2.8 | 12 | 3 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | 6,437 | 7.2 | 3.8 | 4 | 2 | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 5,764 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 4 | 2 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 5,293 | 5.9 | New | 3 | New | |
South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW) | 2,521 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 2 | ±0 | |
Die PARTEI | 2,278 | 2.6 | New | 2 | New | |
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) | 1,011 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1 | 1 | |
Independent | 36 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
Valid votes | 89,159 | 99.1 | ||||
Invalid votes | 766 | 0.9 | ||||
Total | 89,925 | 100.0 | 59 | 6 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 196,334 | 45.8 | 8.7 | |||
Source: City of Kiel |
Culture
Sports
There are a number of sports venues in Kiel, most notably the
Education and scientific research
The
Noteworthy as departmental research institute is the federal institute for dairy research which was merged into the Max-Rubner-Institut together with other institutions in 2004. The state capital Kiel is a corporative sponsoring member of the Max Planck Society.[23]
The ARGE-SH, the oldest research institution of the republic of Germany, has its headquarters in Kiel.
There are twelve gymnasiums in Kiel, of which the Kieler Gelehrtenschule, founded in 1320 as a humanistic gymnasium, is the oldest. Other secondary schools include the Gymnasium Elmschenhagen and the Max-Planck-Schule with a focus on natural sciences. There are many comprehensive schools – partially with secondary schools – all over the city area, as well as private schools.
Economy and infrastructure
Kiel's economy is dominated by the service sector, transport and maritime industries. Kiel is also one of the major ports of the
Statistics
In 2005, the GDP per person was €35,618, which is well above the national average of Germany and 159% of the European Union average.[7]
2005 EUROSTAT[24] | Nominal GDP per capita |
---|---|
Kiel | €35,618 |
Schleswig-Holstein | €24,250 |
Germany | €27,219 |
EU28 | €22,400 |
Notable companies
Some of the most notable companies having branches or their headquarters in Kiel are:
Ferry operators
Military contractors
- Raytheon
- Rheinmetall
- ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (through their subsidiary Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft)
Engineering and industrial machinery
- Heidelberger Druckmaschinen
- Voith
- Vossloh
- Caterpillar Inc. (through their subsidiary MaK)
Others
- LaserSoft Imaging
- Schenker AG
- HSH Nordbank
Kiel is also home to several insurances and banks, most notably the
.There is also an active startup scene in Kiel with startup accelerator StarterKitchen and startups like SciEngines GmbH, Real-Eyes, myBoo, SealMedia, Cliplister, Druckpreis.DE, promotionbasis.de, Yoosello, GetAnEdge, Flowy Apps, fraguru, lokalportal, PianoMotion and ubique art.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
Kiel is home to several media companies, including a branch of the Norddeutscher Rundfunk producing one radio channel and several local programmes in Kiel, a station of the British Forces Broadcasting Service, the daily newspaper Kieler Nachrichten and several smaller local radio channels and magazines.
Transport
Kiel is situated near an important pan-European motorway, the A7, which connects northern Europe with central and southern Europe.
The central railway station, Kiel Hauptbahnhof, has hourly trains to Hamburg, Lübeck, Flensburg, and Husum. The Intercity Express (ICE) connects Kiel with Berlin, Frankfurt, Cologne and Munich. There are 8 regional railway stations within the city proper,[34][35] which are connected with each other, the main railway station Kiel Hbf and other stations by regional trains, which can be used within the boundaries of the city with a normal bus ticket.[36]
The city's bus service is provided by local company KVG. Autokraft and Verkehrsbetriebe Kreis Plön providing regional bus service, and the Schlepp- und Fährgesellschaft Kiel provides public transport on the fjord with ferries.
The
The nearest international airport is Hamburg Airport, which is situated approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the south of Kiel. There is a shuttle bus service (KIELIUS) operating between Hamburg Airport and Kiel central railway station. There is also an airport at Lübeck.
Notable people
Twin towns – sister cities
- Aarhus, Denmark (2019)
- Antakya, Turkey (2012)
- Brest, France (1964)
- Coventry, United Kingdom (1947)
- Gdynia, Poland (1985)
- Kaliningrad, Russia (1992)
- Kherson, Ukraine (2024)
- Moshi Rural District, Tanzania (2009)
- Samsun, Turkey (2010)
- San Francisco, USA (2017)
- Sovetsk, Russia (1992)
- Stralsund, Germany (1987)
- Tallinn, Estonia (1986)
- Vaasa, Finland (1967)
See also
References
- ^ Landeshauptstadt Kiel. "Kiels Oberbürgermeister". Archived from the original on 2015-02-20.
- ^ "Growth – KielRegion – Association for Business Development Kiel / Germany". Archived from the original on 2015-11-29.
- Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein.
- ^ "General Information". Kieler Woche. Archived from the original on 2005-12-30. Retrieved 2006-03-13.
- ^ Kusch, Regina. "Eröffnung des Nord-Ostsee-Kanals Die meistbefahrene künstliche Wasserstraße der Welt". Deutschlandfunk. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "European Green Capitals". European Commission. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ^ a b "GDP per person 2005 in Euro". Archived from the original on December 27, 2008.
- ^ "A brief history of Kiel". Kiel – a portrait of the city. City of Kiel. Archived from the original on 2010-08-20. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
- ^ Hook, Alison. "Kiel, Germany - Coventry's twin towns and cities". Coventry City Council. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ Victor, Edward. "Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps". Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
- ^ "The Navy changed the face of Kiel". Kiel — a portrait of the city. City of Kiel. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
- ISBN 0-241-89746-7.
- ^ Campaign Diary: July 44 Archived 2007-07-06 at the UK Government Web Archive, Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary site Archived 2007-07-06 at the UK Government Web Archive. Accessed 4 May 2007
- ISBN 1-894263-50-2. Archived from the originalon 17 February 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
- ^ A diary of ‘T’ Force operations in KIEL Archived 2014-10-23 at the Wayback Machine ARCRE—Archive research & document copying
- ^ "Operation Eclipse". History Learning Site.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw" (in German). DWD. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw" (in German). DWD. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Kleiner Kiel Kanal". kleiner-kiel-kanal.de. Retrieved 2015-08-27.
- ^ a b "Kieler Stadtmuseum Warleberger Hof" Archived 2009-08-26 at the Wayback Machine, City of Kiel webpage, in German
- ^ Link
- ^ "Liste der korporativ fördernden Mitglieder der MPG, PDF" (PDF). 2011-01-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-14. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
- ^ "Regional GDP per inhabitant in the EU 27" (PDF). Eurostat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ "Imprint". real-eyes.eu. REALEYES GmbH. Archived from the original on 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "Imprint – my Boo". bamboo bike, bikes – Kiel, Germany. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "EDGE | Edge Impressum". light-instruments.de. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "Flowy Apps – Imprint". flowyapps.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-22. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "fraguru – the art of questioning our lives". fraguru.org. Archived from the original on 2015-08-01. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "Mein Ort. Meine Nachbarn. Mein Lokalportal". Lokalportal. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "Impressum |". pianomotion.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "Home | ubique art – Die Austellung ist überall". ubique-art.starterkitchen.de. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ "Firmensitze von Deutschen Startups | Gründerszene" [Headquarter Locations of German Startups | Gründerszene]. gruenderszene.de. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
- ^ Suchsdorf, Kronshagen, Kiel-Hassee CITTI-Park, Kiel-Russee, Melsdorf, Kiel-Schulen am Langsee, Kiel-Elmschenhagen, Raisdorf
- ^ "Liniennetzplan Kiel (Public Transport Plan Kiel)" (PDF). KVG Kiel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ^ "VRK Tarifzonenplan (Tariff Zone Plan Kiel)" (PDF). Verkehrsregion Kiel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ^ "Kiel international im Überblick". kiel.de (in German). Kiel. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
External links
- Official website (in German)
- Official tourism site