Killing of Benno Ohnesorg
Benno Ohnesorg | |
---|---|
Born | Freie Universität Berlin | 15 October 1940
Occupation | Student |
Benno Ohnesorg (German pronunciation:
Incident
Protest
On 2 June 1967, Ohnesorg participated in a student protest held near the
Violence and shooting
The protest turned violent after pro-Shah demonstrators, including agents of the Shah's intelligence service,[2] began battling with students and the police overreacted, employing brutal tactics in their attempts to control the crowd.[4] In the ensuing tumult, demonstrators dispersed into the side streets.[2] In the courtyard of Krumme Straße 66, Ohnesorg was then shot in the back of the head by police officer Karl-Heinz Kurras.[2] Ohnesorg died before he could be treated at a hospital.[2] Kurras stood trial the same year and was acquitted, on 27 November 1967.[2][3] Ohnesorg was a student of Romance and German studies. He was married and his wife was pregnant with their first child.[5]
A week after Ohnesorg's death, a funeral caravan accompanied his coffin as it was transported from West Berlin through checkpoints in East Germany to his hometown of Hanover in West Germany, where he was buried.[6]
Re-investigation
More than forty years later, in 2009, it was revealed that at the time of the events Kurras had been an
On the basis of the 2009 revelations about Kurras, the German
Following up in January 2012, Der Spiegel magazine reported that research carried out by federal prosecutors, as well as by the magazine, found that the shooting was not in self-defense as always claimed by Kurras and that it was certainly premeditated. Newly examined film and photographic evidence also implicated fellow officers and superiors, demonstrating that the police covered up the truth in subsequent investigations and trials. Additionally, medical staff who carried out the autopsy on Ohnesorg were ordered to falsify their report. However, the Spiegel report indicated that the new information was still unlikely to be sufficient for the case to be reopened.[11]
Legacy
Ohnesorg's death served as a rallying point for
Student activist Rudi Dutschke led student protest actions in the period following Ohnesorg's death.[13] Just after Ohnesorg's burial in Hanover, Dutschke, speaking at "The University and Democracy: Conditions and Organization of Resistance" conference held at the university, clashed with philosophy professor Jürgen Habermas over the future of the movement, with Dutschke advocating radical action that might include illegality and violence if necessary, although his first proposed action was a peaceful sit-down strike. The conflict prompted Habermas, who had urged a more moderate approach, famously to characterize Dutschke's ideology as amounting to "left fascism",[6] a formulation that he later retracted.[14][15]
The student movement that swelled and, in part, became radicalised in the late 1960s, after Ohnesorg's death, influenced many future German politicians who were in their teens and twenties at the time.[citation needed]
A monument next to the Deutsche Oper Berlin, which was designed by Austrian sculptor
In film
The opening scene of the 2008 film
See also
References
- ^ a b Böttcher, Dirk (2002). "Ohnesorg, Benno" (in German), in: Hannoversches biographisches Lexikon: von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Hannover: Schlütersche. p. 275.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Gedenktafeln für Benno Ohnesorg Archived 18 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine" [Memorial plaques for Benno Ohnesorg] (in German). Bezirksamt Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. BerlinOnline Stadtportal (official Berlin website). berlin.de. Note: Includes a downloadable PDF document "Infotafel zur Erschießung Benno Ohnesorgs am 2. Juni 1967" with text in both German and English. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ . Retrieved 1 June 2017 via Project Muse database.
- ^ Spiegel Online International. spiegel.de. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ a b c Kulish, Nicholas (26 May 2009). "Spy Fired Shot That Changed West Germany Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine". New York Times. nytimes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ a b Berman, Russell A. (Summer 2008). "From 'Left-Fascism' to Campus Anti-Semitism: Radicalism as Reaction". Democratiya. pp. 14–30; here: pp. 15–16. Link to PDF available via Dissent Magazine Archived 23 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ Küpper, Mechthild (21 May 2009). "Stasi-Mitarbeiter erschoss Benno Ohnesorg Archived 8 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine" (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine. faz.net. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ "1968 Revisited: The Truth about the Gunshot that Changed Germany Archived 5 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine". Spiegel Online International. spiegel.de. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ Beeg, Rena; Betz, Malte; Hellwig, Marcus; Nachtsheim, Katharina; and Uhlenbroich, Burkhard (10 July 2009). "Karl-Heinz Kurras: Gab Mielke ihm de Schießbefehl? Archived 27 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine" (in German). Bild. bild.de. Retrieved 1 June 2017. With photo gallery of the event as well as of Kurras and Ohnesorg.
- ^ a b "Fall Ohnesorg zu den Akten gelegt" (in German). Frankfurter Rundschau. fr.de. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ "Police Covered Up Truth Behind Infamous Student Shooting". Spiegel Online International. spiegel.de. 23 January 2012. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ Rethmann (2006), pp. 76, 87.
- ^ "West Berlin Gunman Wounds Leader of Left-Wing Students Archived 29 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine" (preview only; subscription required). New York Times. 12 April 1968. "It was Mr. Dutschke who led the Berlin students in their activities against the authorities following a shooting incident [in June 1967] in which a policeman shot and killed Benno Ohnesorg, another West Berlin student."
- ^ DeGroot, Gerard J. (1998). Student Protest: The Sixties and After. London: Routledge. pp. 104–105.
- ^ Ingram, David (2010). Habermas: Introduction and Analysis. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 8, footnote 17.
- ^ Kaplan, Fred (12 August 2009). "A Match That Burned the Germans Archived 4 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine" [review of the film The Baader Meinhof Complex]. New York Times. nytimes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
External links
- Photograph of Benno Ohnesorg's death (Deutsches Historisches Museum)
- Short video about Ohnesorg's death, in English, with contemporary footage, in The Berlin Wall: A Multimedia History, RBB (Berlin-Brandenburg broadcaster)