Kincardineshire

Coordinates: 56°55′N 2°30′W / 56.917°N 2.500°W / 56.917; -2.500
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"The Mearns" redirects here. For other uses, see Mearns.

Kincardineshire
A' Mhaoirne
Historic county
CountryScotland
County townStonehaven
Area
 • Total380 sq mi (984 km2)
 Ranked 22nd of 34
Chapman code
KCD
Websitehttps://www.kincardineshirelieutenancy.co.uk/

Kincardineshire or the County of Kincardine, also known as the Mearns (from the Scottish Gaelic A' Mhaoirne meaning "the Stewartry"), is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area on the coast of northeast Scotland. It is bounded by Aberdeenshire on the north and west, and by Angus on the south.

The name "Kincardine" is also used in

committee area of the Aberdeenshire Council
, although this covers a smaller area than the county.

History

Map of Scotland showing roughly the historic district of the Mearns (Gowrie is shown wider, and further to the east, than it should be; Angus actually reached the border with Marr)

Anciently, the area was the Province of Mearns, bordered on the north by Marr, and on the west by Angus. The name of the province simply refers to its status; the more important provinces were governed by a great steward (Mormaer), while the less important ones were governed by a mere steward (Maer).

It included the

Royal Burgh of Torry (on the south bank of the Dee) was incorporated into Aberdeenshire
.

The introduction of sheriffs in the 11th century created a parallel authority over the area, based at the town of

Phesdo.[1]

In 1296, King John Balliol wrote a letter of surrender from the castle to Edward I of England after a short war that marked the beginning of the Wars of Scottish Independence. In 1600, the Estates of Parliament ordered the shrieval governance of Kincardineshire to be conducted at the Stonehaven Tolbooth.

In the mid-19th century, local government reforms replaced the ancient provinces by

new Counties (shires), aligned to sheriffdom boundaries; hence, Mearns became Kincardineshire. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established a uniform system of county councils in Scotland and realigned the boundaries of many of Scotland's counties. Subsequently, Kincardineshire County Council was created in 1890. Kincardine County Council held its meetings at County Buildings in Stonehaven.[2] There were additional offices at 33 Evan Street in Stonehaven from around 1920.[3][4]

The county lost its administrative status in 1975. The area of

unitary council areas in 1996, the district was absorbed into the Aberdeenshire
council area.

Geography

Clachnaben
Countryside around Glenbervie

Roughly triangular in shape, Kincardineshire consists of the largely flat

Strathmore area running parallel with the coast, with hillier, forested country in the interior, the latter forming part of the Grampian Mountains. The highest point is Mount Battock
at 778 m (2,552 ft), lying on the border with Angus.

Rivers

Among the rivers are Cowie Water, Carron Water, Luther Water, Burn of Muchalls, Burn of Pheppie, Burn of Elsick, Burn of Monboys, Bervie Water and the lower reaches of the River Dee.

Structures and sites

Coat of arms

The county's coat of arms displayed and reflected the history of the Honours of Scotland, which were kept at Dunnottar Castle and later at Kinneff, both within the historical boundaries of the county, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It was: Gules, the Sceptre and Sword of Scotland crosswise in saltire, with the Crown of Scotland in chief and a ruined castle on a mound in base, all or. The motto was LAUS DEO, Latin for "Praise God". It was originally the motto of the Viscounts of Arbuthnott, whose seat is in the county, and the 14th Viscount was Lord Lieutenant of Kincardine at the time of the arms' matriculation by the Lord Lyon in 1927.[6]

Constituency

There was a

parliamentary burgh of Inverbervie. Inverbervie was a component of the Aberdeen District of Burghs from 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose District of Burghs
from 1832 to 1950.

In 1918 the Kincardineshire constituency was merged with part of the

Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire constituency
.

In 1950 Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire was divided between the West Aberdeenshire constituency and the North Angus and Mearns constituency. North Angus and Mearns then covered the whole of the county of Kincardineshire, including the former parliamentary burgh of Inverbervie, and part of the county of Angus, the latter being previously within the Forfarshire constituency.

In 1983, eight years after the abolition of the local government county of Kincardineshire, North Angus and Mearns was replaced by new constituencies.

The county currently makes up part of the West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine constituency of the House of Commons.

Transport

Rail

Stonehaven railway station

The

Edinburgh-Aberdeen railway line
runs parallel to the coast and through the towns of Laurencekirk, Stonehaven and Portlethen.

Historic transport routes

The ancient

Covenanter army of 9,000 men in the first battle of the Bishops' Wars in 1639.[7]

trackway used by the Caledonian tribes as well as the Roman army in their northern invasion of the Scottish Highlands.[8]

Settlements

  • Balnagask
    Balnagask
  • Bridge of Muchalls
    Bridge of Muchalls
  • Catterline
    Catterline
  • Stonehaven
    Stonehaven

Notable people

The author Lewis Grassic Gibbon, born James Leslie Mitchell, was a Scottish writer. His Sunset Song is one of the best-known Scottish novels of the 20th century. It was voted Scotland's favourite book in a poll announced at the 2005 Edinburgh International Book Festival.[9] Set in a fictional village in the Mearns, the book draws heavily from Mitchell's upbringing in Arbuthnott. One of the key features of the book, and some of his other writing, is the balanced and immersive use of the local Doric Scots dialect mixed with standard English, in a manner easily and enjoyably accessible to someone unfamiliar with the North East of Scotland.

Notable residents

See also

References

  1. ^ "Fettercairn, Scotland". Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
  2. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Stonehaven Sheriff Court House and Police Station, including boundary walls, Dunnottar Avenue, Bogwell Lane, Stonehaven (LB41617)". Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  3. ^ "No. 18384". The Edinburgh Gazette. 10 June 1948. p. 609.
  4. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "33 Evan Street, Kinnear House, And 1 Robert Street Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Railings (LB41622)". Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Lewis Grassic Gibbon Centre". Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  6. ^ Urquhart, R.M. Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry (1973 ed.). Heraldry Today. p. 99. consulted 20 December 2013.
  7. ^ Archibald Watt, Highways and Byways around Kincardineshire, Stonehaven Heritage Society (1985)
  8. ^ C. Michael Hogan, Elsick Mounth, Megalithic Portal, A. Burnham ed. (2005)[1]
  9. ^ Canongate Books (29 August 2005). "Sunset Song – Scotland's Best Read". Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  10. ^ "Ceylon Tea Museum". www.ceylonteamuseum.com. Retrieved 19 March 2019.

External links

56°55′N 2°30′W / 56.917°N 2.500°W / 56.917; -2.500

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