King of All Peoples
King of All Peoples (
King of the Four Corners of the World) and šar kiššatim (King of the Universe). Unlike these other two titles, which had their origins during the Akkadian Empire ~2300 BC and had endured widespread recognition and usage throughout more than a thousand years of Mesopotamian history,[4] the title of šar kiššat nišē appears to have been a later Assyrian invention only used by a handful of kings.[1]
Unlike the other titles of supposed world domination, "king of all peoples" does not refer to a territorial domain, but rather that the Assyrian king was superior to foreign people and that he possessed a legitimate right to govern (all of) them.[1] It appears in the titularies of the Middle-Assyrian kings Shalmaneser I and Tukulti-Ninurta I.[2]
Šar kiššat nišē was one of several titles used by the
Kalhu had a very distinct multi-ethnic character as the result of moving people from throughout his empire to its location. The title of šar kiššat nišē was also a frequently used and important title of Ashurnasirpal's successor Shalmaneser III.[1]
List of known Kings of All Peoples
- Shalmaneser I (r. 1263–1234 BC)[2]
- Tukulti-Ninurta I (r. 1233–1208 BC)[2]
- Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883–859 BC)[1]
- Shalmaneser III (r. 859–824 BC)[1][5]
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f Karlsson 2016, p. 153.
- ^ a b c d Sazonov 2011, p. 26.
- ^ Liverani 2001, p. 23.
- ^ Karlsson 2013, p. 135.
- ^ Yamada 2014, p. 43.
Bibliography
- Liverani, Mario (2001). "Universal Control". International Relations in the Ancient Near East, 1600–1100 BC: 23–28. ISBN 978-1-349-41439-0.
- Karlsson, Mattias (2013). Early Neo-Assyrian State Ideology Relations of Power in the Inscriptions and Iconography of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859) and Shalmaneser III (858–824). Instutionen för lingvistik och filologi, Uppsala Universitet. ISBN 978-91-506-2363-5.
- Karlsson, Mattias (2016). Relations of Power in Early Neo-Assyrian State Ideology. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9781614519683.
- Sazonov, Vladimir (2011). Die mittelassyrischen, universalistischen Königstitel und Epitheta Tukultī-Ninurtas I. (1242–1206). Ugarit-Verlag.
- Yamada, Shigeo (2014). "Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III: Chronographic-Literary Styles and the King's Portrait". Orient. 49: 31–50. .