Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia | |||||||||||
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1868–1918 | |||||||||||
Anthem: Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze ("God preserve, God protect") | |||||||||||
Constitutional parliamentary monarchy | |||||||||||
King | |||||||||||
• 1868–1916 | Franz Joseph I | ||||||||||
• 1916–1918 | Karl IV | ||||||||||
Ban | |||||||||||
• 1868–1871 (first) | Levin Rauch de Nyék | ||||||||||
• 1917–1918 (last) | Antun Mihalović | ||||||||||
Legislature | WWI | ||||||||||
26 September 1868 | |||||||||||
• Incorporation of parts of the Military Frontier | 15 July 1881 | ||||||||||
29 October 1918 | |||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||
1910[6] | 42,541 km2 (16,425 sq mi) | ||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||
• 1880[7] | 1,892,499 | ||||||||||
• 1910[8] | 2,621,954 | ||||||||||
Currency |
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Today part of | Croatia Serbia |
History of Croatia |
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Timeline |
Croatia portal |
History of Slavonia |
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The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (
The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was ruled by the emperor of Austria, who bore the title King of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia and was confirmed by the State Sabor (Parliament of Croatia-Slavonia or Croatian-Slavonian Diet) upon accession.[16] The King's appointed steward was the Ban of Croatia and Slavonia. On 21 October 1918, Emperor Karl I, known as King Karlo IV in Croatia, issued a Trialist manifest, which was ratified by the Hungarian side on the next day and which unified all Croatian Crown Lands.[17] One week later, on 29 October 1918, the Croatian State Sabor proclaimed an independent kingdom which entered the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.
Name
The kingdom used the formal title of the
In Hungarian, Croatia is referred to as Horvátország and Slavonia as Szlavónia. The combined polity was known by the official name of Horvát-Szlavón Királyság. The short form of the name was Horvát-Szlavónország and, less frequently Horvát-Tótország.[25][26]
The order of mentioning Dalmatia was a contentious issue, as it was ordered differently in the Croatian- and Hungarian-language versions of the 1868 Settlement.[27]
History
The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was created in 1868, when the former kingdoms of
After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 the only remaining open question of the new state was the status of Croatia, which would be solved with the Hungarian–Croatian Compromise of 1868 when agreement was reached between the Diet of Hungary on one hand and the Croatian Parliament on the other hand, with regard to the composition by a joint enactment of the constitutional questions at issue between them.[29] Settlement reached between Hungary and Croatia was in Croatian version of the Settlement named "The Settlement between Kingdom of Hungary, united with Erdély on the one side and the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia".[30] In the Hungarian version[31] neither Hungary, nor Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia are styled kingdoms, and Erdély is not even mentioned, while the Settlement is named as the Settlement between Parliament of Hungary and Parliament of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia. Both versions received Royal sanction and both as such became fundamental laws of the state with constitutional importance, pursuant to article 69. and 70. of the Settlement.
With this compromise the parliament of personal union[32] (in which Croatia–Slavonia had only twenty-nine, after 1881 – forty deputies) controlled the military, the financial system, Sea (Maritime) Law, Commercial Law, the law of Bills of Exchange and Mining Law, and generally matters of commerce, customs, telegraphs, Post Office, railways, harbours, shipping, and those roads and rivers which jointly concern Hungary and Croatia–Slavonia.[29]
Similarly to these affairs, trade matters including hawking, likewise with regard to societies which do not exist for public gain, and also with regard to passports, frontier police, citizenship and naturalization, the legislation was joint, but the executive in respect of these affairs was reserved to Kingdom of Croatia–Slavonia.[29] The citizenship was named "Hungarian–Croatian citizenship" in Croatia–Slavonia.[33] In the end, fifty-five per cent of the total income of Croatia–Slavonia were assigned to the Joint Treasury ("Joint Hungarian–Croatian Ministry of Finance").
The kingdom existed until 1918 when it joined the newly formed
Government and politics
Political status
|
← common emperor-king, common ministries ← entities ← partner states |
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich) created the Dual Monarchy. Under the Compromise, Austria and Hungary each had separate parliaments (the Imperial Council and the Diet of Hungary) that passed and maintained separate laws. Each region had its own government, headed by its own prime minister. The "common monarchy" consisted of the emperor-king and the common ministers of foreign affairs, defense and finance in Vienna. The Compromise confirmed Croatia–Slavonia's historic, eight-centuries-old relationship with Hungary and perpetuated the division of the Croat lands, for both Dalmatia and Istria remained under Austrian administration (as Kingdom of Dalmatia and Margraviate of Istria).[34]
At Franz Joseph's insistence, Hungary and Croatia reached the Compromise (or Nagodba in Croatian) in 1868, giving the Croats a special status in Hungary. The agreement granted the Croats autonomy over their internal affairs. The Croatian Ban would now be nominated by the joint Croatian–Hungarian government led by the Hungarian Prime Minister, and appointed by the king. Areas of "common" concern to Hungarians and Croats included finance, currency matters, commercial policy, the post office, and the railroad. Croatian became the official language of Croatia's government, and Croatian representatives discussing "common" affairs before the Croatian–Hungarian diet were permitted to speak Croatian.[35] A ministry of Croatian Affairs was created within the Hungarian government.[36]
Although the Nagodba provided a measure of political autonomy to Croatia–Slavonia, it was subordinated politically and economically to Hungary in the Croatian–Hungarian entity of the Monarchy.[34]
Parliament
The Croatian Parliament or the Royal Croatian–Slavonian–Dalmatian Sabor (Croatian: Kraljevski Hrvatsko–slavonsko–dalmatinski sabor or Sabor Kraljevina Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije) had legislative authority over the autonomous issues according to the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868. A draft law (bill), approved by the Diet, became a statute (an act) after the royal assent (sanction). It also had to be signed by the Ban of Croatia. The King had the power to veto all legislation passed by the Diet and also to dissolve it and call new elections. If the King dissolved the Diet, he would have to call new elections during the period of three months.
The parliament was summoned annually at
The Croatian Parliament elected twenty-nine (after reincorporation of Croatian Military Frontier and Slavonian Military Frontier in 1881 – forty) deputies to the House of Representatives and two members (after 1881 – three) to the House of Magnates of the Diet of Hungary. The delegates of Croatia–Slavonia were allowed to use Croatian in the proceedings, but they voted personally.
The Kingdom of Croatia–Slavonia held independent elections for the Croatian Parliament in 1865, 1867, 1871, 1872, 1878, 1881, 1883, 1884, 1887, 1892, 1897, 1901, 1906, 1908, 1910, 1911, 1913.
Main political parties represented in the Parliament were
Autonomous Government
The Autonomous Government or Land Government, officially "Royal Croatian–Slavonian–Dalmatian Land Government"(Croatian: Zemaljska vlada or Kraljevska hrvatsko–slavonsko–dalmatinska zemaljska vlada)[37] was established in 1869 with its seat in Zagreb (Croatian Parliament Act No. II of 1869).[38] Until 1914 it possessed three departments:
- Department of Internal Affairs (Croatian: Odjel za unutarnje poslove);
- Department of Religion and Education (Croatian: Odjel za bogoštovlje i nastavu);
- Department of Justice (Croatian: Odjel za pravosuđe).
- The Department of National Economy was established in 1914 as a fourth department (Croatian: Odjel za narodno gospodarstvo)[34]
At the head of the Autonomous Government in Croatia–Slavonia stood the Ban, who was responsible to the Croatian–Slavonian Diet.[39]
Ban (Prime Minister and Viceroy)
The Ban was appointed by the King, on the proposal and under the counter-signature of the Joint Hungarian
List of bans (viceroys) from 1868 until 1918:
- 1868 – 1871: Baron Levin Rauch de Nyék
- 1871 – 1872: Koloman pl. Bedeković de Komor
- 1872 – 1873: Antun pl. Vukanović acting
- 1873 – 1880: Ivan Mažuranić
- 1880 – 1883: Count Ladislav Pejačević de Virovitica
- 1883: Herman pl. Rambergacting
- 1883 – 1903: Count Károly Khuen-Héderváry de Hédervár
- 1903 – 1907: Count Teodor Pejačević de Virovitica
- 1907 – 1908: Aleksandar pl. Rakodczay
- 1908 – 1910: Baron Pavao Rauch de Nyék
- 1910 – 1912: Nikola pl. Tomašić
- 1912 – 1913: Baron Slavko Cuvaj de Ivanska
- 1913 – 1917: Baron Ivan Skerleczde Lomnica
- 1917 – 1918: Antun pl. Mihalović
Law
The
After the judicial reorganization of 1874 – 1886 (complete separation of judicial and administrative power, laws on judges' independence and judicial organization, the Organization of Courts of the First Instance Act of 1874 (with 1886 amendments), the Judicial Power Act of 1874 and the Judges' Disciplinary Responsibility (etc.) Act of 1874, the Croatian Criminal Procedure Act of 1875, the Croatian Criminal Procedure Press Offences Act of 1875) and reincorporation of
Counties
In 1886, under Croatian
- Modruš-Rijeka County
- Zagreb County
- Varaždin County
- Bjelovar-Križevci County
- Virovitica County
- Požega County
- Srijem County
- Lika-Krbava County
Lika-Krbava became a county after the incorporation of the
Symbols
Flag
According to the 1868 Agreement and the Decree No. 18.307 of 16 November 1867 of the Department of the Interior of the Royal Country Government:
The red–white–blue tricolor is the civil flag in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia, which with the united coat of arms of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with the crown of St. Stephen on top is the official flag for usage in autonomous affairs. The aforementioned civil flag may be used by everyone in an appropriate way.[47]
It was also stated that the emblem for "joint affairs of the territories of the Hungarian Crown" is formed by the united coat of arms of Hungary and Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia.[48][49]
However, there existed several variations of the internally used version of the flag, with some variants using an unofficial type of crown or simply omitting the crown instead of using the officially prescribed Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen. There were also variations in the design of the shield. The unofficial coat of arms was the preferred design and its widespread use was the reason that the Ban issued a Decree on 21 November 1914, stating that it had become "a custom in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia to use flags that are not adequate either in state-juridical or in political sense" and which strengthened flag related laws. It reiterated the aforementioned definitions of Croatian flags from 1867 and further stated that "Police authorities shall punish violations of this Decree with a fine of 2 to 200 K or with arrest from 6 hours to 14 days and confiscate the unauthorized flag or emblem."[47][50]
Coat of arms
-
The official version had St. Stephen's crown due to Croatia–Slavonia being part of Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.
-
Version without crown
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Unofficial, but more common design of the coat of arms without the St. Stephen's crown
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The coat of arms of the Triune Kingdom on the building of the Croatian Parliament
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The coat of arms of the Triune Kingdom on the roof of the St. Mark's Church, Zagreb
Demographics
Nationality
Nationality | Population | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Total | 2,621,954 | 100.0% |
Croats | 1,638,354 | 62.5% |
Serbs | 644,955 | 24.6% |
Germans | 134,078 | 5.0% |
Hungarians | 105,948 | 4.1% |
Others | 98,619 | 3.8% |
- 1875 data (without the Military Frontier)[51]
Religion
Data taken from the 1910 census.[8]
- Roman Catholic: 1,877,833
- Eastern Orthodox: 653,184
- Protestant: 51,707
- Uniate: 17,592
Literacy
According to the 1910 census, illiteracy rate in Kingdom of Croatia–Slavonia was 45.9%. The lowest illiteracy was in Zagreb, Osijek and Zemun.
Year | Total illiteracy | Males | Females | Total population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1880 | 73.9% | 67.8% | 79.9% | 1,892,449 |
1890 | 66.9% | 60.1% | 73.5% | 2,186,410 |
1900 | 54.4% | 46.8% | 61.8% | 2,416,304 |
1910 | 45.9% | 37.6% | 53.7% | 2,621,954 |
Military
The Royal Croatian Home Guard was the military of the Kingdom. Additionally, Croats made up 5 percent of members in the Austro-Hungarian Common Army, a higher proportion than the percentage of the general population of the empire they composed.[53] Notable Croatians in the Austro-Hungarian Army included Field Marshal Svetozar Boroević, commander of the Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops Emil Uzelac, commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy Maximilian Njegovan and Josip Broz Tito who later became Marshal and President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[54]
Culture
The modern
Religion
Catholic Church
Roughly 75% of the population were Roman Catholic, with the remaining 25% Orthodox. The Catholic Church had the following hierarchy within the kingdom:
Dioceses | Croatian name | Est. | Cathedral |
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Archdiocese of Zagreb
|
Zagrebačka nadbiskupija | 1093 | Zagreb Cathedral |
Greek-Catholic )
|
Križevačka biskupija (Križevačka eparhija) | 1777 | Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Križevci |
Diocese of Srijem
|
Srijemska biskupija | 4th century | Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in Đakovo
|
Diocese of Senj-Modruš | Senjsko-modruška biskupija | 1168 | Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Senj |
Judaism
In 1890, there were 17,261 Jews living in the kingdom. In 1867 the Zagreb Synagogue was built.
Transportation
The first railway line opened in the kingdom was the Zidani Most–Zagreb–Sisak route which began operations in 1862. The Zaprešić–Varaždin–Čakovec line was opened in 1886 and the Vinkovci–Osijek line was opened in 1910.
Sports
The
Legacy
In 1918, during the last days of
On the basis of the political agreement between Dragiša Cvetković and Vlatko Maček (
Notes
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2012) |
- ^ The flag with the coat of arms was used internally for usage in autonomic affairs and was officially prescribed to depict the Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen above the shield, but an unofficial design using another type of crown was most often used instead. The same flag without the coat of arms was used as a Civil Flag.
- ^ See §. 2. 57. 58. 59. 60. Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 57. Za organe zajedničke vlade ustanovljuje se takodjer hrvatski jezik službenim jezikom unutar granicah kraljevinah Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije. §.58. Predloge i spise u hrvatskom jeziku sastavljene; pa iz kraljevinah Hrvatske i Slavonije na zajedničko ministarstvo podnešene, imade to ministarstvo primati i rješitbe svoje na istom jeziku izdavati. §. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. §. 60. Na zajedničkom saboru stvoreni i podpisom Nj. c. i kr. apošt. Veličanstva providjeni zakoni izdavat će se za kraljevine Dalmaciju, Hrvatsku i Slavoniju u izvorniku hrvatskom i odaslati saboru tih kraljevinah. (transl.) §. 57. For the organs of the joint government, Croatian is also established as the official language within the boundaries of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia. §.58. Proposals and writings composed in Croatian; and submitted from the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia to the joint ministry, the ministry has to receive them and issue its decision in the same language. §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian. §.60. Laws created at the joint Parliament, and sanctioned by H.I. and R. Apostolic Majesty shall be issued for the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia in the Croatian original and shall be sent to the Parliament of these Kingdoms." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 122.-123.
- ISBN 0-8020-8294-7, page 9
- ISBN 0-300-09125-7, page 99
- ISBN 978-953-6308-71-2, page 273
- ISBN 0-7222-2328-5, page 371
- ISBN 978-0-295-80364-7.
- ^ Biondich 2000, p. 15
- ^ ISBN 1-00-128478-X.
- ^ See §. 59.Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. (transl.) §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 123.
- ^ See; translation of the law XLIV. 1868. (law on nationality)/1868-ik évi XLIV. TÖRVÉNYCZIKK a nemzetiségi egyenjogúság tárgyában. THE LAW OF NATIONALITIES (Act XLIV of the year 1868.) "since all citizens of Hungary, according to the principles of the constitution, form from a political point of view one nation — the indivisible unitary Hungarian nation — of which every citizen of the fatherland is a member, no matter to what nationality he belongs: since, moreover, this equality of right can only exist with reference to the official use of the various languages of the country,...§ 29. The provisions of this law do not extend to Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia, which possess a special territory and form politically a special nation;" RACIAL PROBLEMS IN HUNGARY By SCOTUS VIATOR, Author, Robert William Seton-Watson. Publisher, Constable, 1908.
- ^ Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK). "Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba". Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ "Nagodba". britannica.com. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ Croatian–Hungarian settlement, Constitution, 1868, Article §. 1.
- ^ (Croatian) Law codex, S. V., no. 30, Issued by the Sabor, (Zagreb), Y: 1917, p: 101, 'Law act III:1917, Coronation oath'
- ^ Goldstein & Jovanović 1999.
- ^ See; Charles IV. Coronation diploma inaugurale issued to the Parliament of Croatia–Slavonia pursuant to §. 2. of the Settlement Zak. čl. III. : 1917. zajedničkog ugarsko-hrvatskog državnog sabora, kojim se kraljevska zavjernica, što ju je Njegovo Veličanstvo kralj izdao zemlji prije Svoje sretne posvete i krunisanja, te kraljevska zakletva, što ju je položio prigodom krunisanja, uvršćuju medju zakone države [Legal. Art. III. : 1917. of the Joint Hungarian–Croatian State Parliament, by which the coronation testament which His Majesty the King has given to the land before His happy consecration and crowning, and the royal oath which he placed upon the occasion of the crowning, are enshrined in the laws of the state], (in Croatian) "§. 1. Sveto i nepovredimo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugih obdržavati dati nasljedbu na kraljevski prestol, ustanovljenu u zakonskom članku 1. i 2. članku god. 1723.; - krunisanje koje se ima obaviti u smislu zakonskog članka 3. godine 1791.; - prava, ustav, zakonitu neodvisnost, slobodu i zemljišnu cjelovitost Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, a isto tako cjelokupnost i zemaljski ustav kraljevina Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, koje s kraljevinom Ugarskom sačinjavaju jednu te istu državnu zajednicu. Sveto i strogo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugima obdržavati dati zakonito postojeće sloboštine, povlastice, zakonske običaje i dosad po saborima stvorene i po slavnim Našim predjima, krunisanim Ugarske Kraljevima posvećene, kakono i one, što će i odsada po saborima stvoriti i po Nama kao krunjenom Kralju ugarskom posvetiti zakone Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije u svih njihovih točkama, člancima i zaporkama tako, kako što će njihov smisao i uporaba zajedničkim suglasjem kralja i sabora ustanovljeni biti; izuzevši ipak dokinutu onu zaporku zakona blagopopokojnoga Andrije II. od god. 1222., počevši od riječi: "Quodsi vero nos" sve do onih riječi "in perpetuam facultatem". Za obezbjedjenje svega toga služit će i ona kraljevska zakletva Naša, što ćemo ju po sadržaja ove Naše kraljevske zavjernice na osnovu riječi krunidbene zakletve slavnoga Nam predšastnika Ferdinanda I. prigodom krunisanja Našega položiti. ... §. 3. Sve one strane i pripadnosti Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije što su već natrag stečene, pa i one, što će božjom pomoćju odsele biti natrag pribavljene, pripojit ćemo u smislu krunitbene Naše zakletve rečenim kraljevinama." Krunidbena zavjernica Karla IV. Zbornik zakona i naredaba valjanih za Kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju, kom. V. str. 101-105., Zagreb 1917.
- ^ Budisavljević Srđan, Stvaranje Države SHS, (Creation of the state of SHS), Zagreb, 1958, p. 132-133.
- ISBN 1-85065-525-1.
- ^ Zakonski članak o nagodbi, koju s jedne strane kraljevina Ugarska, sjedinjena s Erdeljem, s druge strane kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija sklopiše za izravnanje postojavših izmedju njih državnopravnih pitanjah. [Legal Article on the settlement that, on the one side, the Kingdom of Hungary, united with Erdély, on the other side the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia have concluded to settle the existing between them constitutional issues], (in Croatian) " §. 53. Banu gradjanskoga stališta bit će i od sada naslov: "Ban kraljevinah Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije" i časti banskoj pripadati će sva ona prijašnja preimućtva i dostojanstva, koja se slažu s njegovim položajem. Po tome i nadalje ostaje članom kuće velikašah zajedničkoga sabora.[§. 53. The Ban of the civil status will be and from now on titled: "Ban of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia" and dignity of the Ban will keep all previous precedences and honours, which are in accordance with its position. For this reason, he remains a member of the House of Magnates of the Joint Parliament.]", Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 122., Retrieved 2018-09-27
- ^ The Hungaro–Croatian Compromise (in Croatian)
- ^ Hungarian version of the Settlement has a different order of the Ban's title 1868. évi XXX. törvénycikk a Magyarország, s Horvát-, Szlavon és Dalmátországok közt fenforgott közjogi kérdések kiegyenlítése iránt létrejött egyezmény beczikkelyezéséről (in Hungarian) "53. § A polgári állásu bán ezután is Horvát-, Szlavon- és Dalmátországok bánja czimmel él, s a báni hivatal mindazon előjogait és méltóságait élvezi, a melyek uj állásával összeférnek. Ennélfogva ezután is tagja marad a közös országgyülés főrendi házának.", Magyar joganyagok - 1868. évi XXX. törvénycikk, Retrieved 2018-09-28
- ^ Court and state guide issued by the Imperial and Royal Court, for the year 1878. Hof- und Staats-handbuch der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarhie für 1878. (in German), Königreich Ungarn und die damit verbundenen Theile, " Barones Regni (Bannerherren) .. Regnorum Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae Banus (Ban von Croatien, Dalmatien und Slavonien) ", Druck und Verlag der Kaiserlich-Ko̲niglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, p. 691., Retrieved 2018-09-28
- ^ Court and state guide issued by the Imperial and Royal Court, for the year 1878. Hof- und Staats-handbuch der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarhie für 1878. (in German), Königreich Croatien und Slavonien nebst der croatisch–slavonischen Militärgrenze, " Ban von Croatien, Slavonien und Dalmatien", Druck und Verlag der Kaiserlich-Ko̲niglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, p. 887., Retrieved 2018-09-28
- ISSN 1330-0288. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
[...] Zakona o izbornom redu za kraljevinu Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije
- ^ A Magyar Sz. Korona országai Magyarország, Horvát-Tótország és a Katonai Őrvidék új térképe Magyarország Archived 5 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (map), 1877. Retrieved 25 December 2012. (in Hungarian)
- ^ Hivatalos Statistikai Közlemények. Kiadja: A Földmivelés-, Ipar- És Kereskedelemügyi Magyar Királyi Ministerium Statistikai Osztálya. Évf. 2. Füz. 1. 1869. p. 160.
- ^ Mikuláš Teich, Roy Porter, The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, 1993, p.284
- ^ Britannica 2009 Nagodba
- ^ a b c Constitution of Union between Croatia–Slavonia and Hungary
- ^ Zakonski članak o nagodbi, koju s jedne strane kraljevina Ugarska, sjedinjena s Erdeljem, s druge strane kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija sklopiše za izravnanje postojavših izmedju njih državnopravnih pitanjah. [Legal Article on the settlement that, on the one side, the Kingdom of Hungary, united with Erdély, on the other side the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia have concluded to settle the existing between them constitutional issues], Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 122., Retrieved 2018-09-27
- ^ 1868. évi XXX. törvénycikk a Magyarország, s Horvát-, Szlavon és Dalmátországok közt fenforgott közjogi kérdések kiegyenlítése iránt létrejött egyezmény beczikkelyezéséről, Magyar joganyagok - 1868. évi XXX. törvénycikk, Retrieved 2018-09-28
- self rulefor Croatia–Slavonia.
- ^ Kosnica, Ivan (2017). "Citizenship in Croatia–Slavonia during the First World War". Journal on European History of Law. 8 (1): 58–65.
- ^ a b c Biondich 2000, p. 9
- ^ History of Hungary
- ^ Trpimir Macan: Povijest hrvatskog naroda, 1971, pp. 358–368 (full text of the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement in Croatian)
- ^ Najviši reškript, kojim se potvrdjuje zakonski članak ob ustrojstvu autonomne hrvatsko–slavonsko–dalmatinske zemaljske vlade, [The highest rescript, confirming the legal article for the organization of the autonomous Croatian–Slavonian–Dalmatian Land Government (1869)], Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevinu Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1869. ( in Croatian) komad I.-VIII., p. 07.-12.| Retrieved 2018-09-27
- ^ After the establishment of the Royal Croatian–Slavonian–Dalmatian Land Government (Royal Land Government or informally Autonomous Government), the Croatian Court Chancellery or (officially) Royal Croatian–Slavonian–Dalmatian Court Chancellery in Vienna (1862–1869) as supreme governmental body for Croatia and Slavonia organized in accordance with the October Diploma and the February Patent and the Royal Croatian–Slavonian Council of Lieutenancy in Zagreb (1861–1869) were abolished.
- ^ a b http://www.h-net.org/~habsweb/sourcetexts/nagodba3.htm The Hungaro–Croatian Compromise of 1868 (The Nagodba), III
- Croatian Supreme Court
- ISSN 0350-2058. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
- ^ a b Biondich 2000, p. 11
- ^ Jelena Boršak-Marijanović, Zastave kroz stoljeća, Croatian History Museum, Zagreb, 1996, p. 110
- ^ a b Ban (viceroy) Iván Skerlecz: "According to the § 61 article I from the year 1868 of Agreement and of decree of the Department of Interior of the Royal Country Government of November 16th, 1867, No. 18.307, red-white-blue tricolour is the civil flag in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia, which with the united Coat-of-Arms of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with the crown of saint Stephen on the top is official flag for usage in autonomous affairs. Above-mentioned civil flag may be used by everyone in appropriate way." "Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia (1867 - 1918)". Archived from the original on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2009. [1]
- ^ Heimer, Željko. "Hrvatska-povijesne zastave". zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Heimer, Željko; Zdvořák, Janko Ehrlich. "Croatia in the Habsburg Empire". crwflags.com. Retrieved 4 March 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Heimer, Željko; Zdvořák, Janko Ehrlich. "Croatia in the Habsburg Empire". crwflags.com. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ The Hungaro–Croatian Compromise of 1868 (The Nagodba), II
- ^ Croatia – Historical Flags (1848–1918), www.fotw.net
- ^ Heimer, Željko. "Hrvatska-povijesne zastave". zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien Und Das Militargrenzland, p. 20.
- ^ Pokušaji smanjivanja nepismenosti u Banskoj Hrvatskoj početkom 20. stoljeća, p. 133-135
- ISBN 978-0-465-03145-0.
- ISBN 978-8674461549
References
- Biondich, Mark (2000). Stjepan Radić, the Croat Peasant Party, and the Politics of Mass Mobilization. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-8294-7.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-1-4051-4291-5.
- Miller, Nicholas J. (1997). Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia Before the First World War. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-8229-3989-4.
External links
- Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). pp. 471–477. .
- Codex diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Slavoniae et Dalmatiae, Internet Archive – digital library
- Euratlas Maps
- Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank Map
- Map Archived 5 December 2012 at archive.today
- Ethnic map