Kingdom of Poland

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(Redirected from
Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)
)
Not to be confused with Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918).
Kingdom of Poland
  • Królestwo Polskie (Polish)
  • Regnum Poloniae (
    Latin
    )
1025–1385
Flag of Kingdom of Poland
Royal banner
(14th century)
Coat of arms (1295–1371) of Kingdom of Poland
Coat of arms
(1295–1371)
Kingdom of Poland in 1025
Kingdom of Poland in 1025
Kingdom of Poland in 1370
Kingdom of Poland in 1370
Capital
Official languagesPolish, Latin
Religion
Demonym(s)Polish
GovernmentHereditary
Feudal monarchy
Historical eraMiddle Ages
Currency
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Poland
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was a monarchy in Central Europe during the medieval period from 1025 until 1385.

Background

Further information: Civitas Schinesghe

The

Duchy of Poland during the rule of Mieszko I, his eldest son Bolesław I the Brave inherited his father's dukedom and subsequently was crowned as king.[1]

History

Further information: History of Poland during the Piast dynasty and History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty

Establishment

Crown of Bolesław I the Brave, along with royal regalia

In 1025,

Yaroslav I the Wise, the Grand Prince of Kiev, invaded the country from the east while Mieszko II was in Lusatia fighting the Holy Roman Emperor, Condrad II. Yaroslav I installed his ally, the half-brother of Mieszko II, Duke Bezprym
, as the ruler of Poland. However, as a result of the upheavals, the kingdom suffered territorial losses and was effectively reduced to a duchy.

Casimir I the Restorer managed to reunite parts of the kingdom following the crisis and moved the capital to Kraków. However, he failed to reinstitute the monarchy due to opposition from the Holy Roman Emperor.[4] In 1076, Bolesław II the Bold, with the support of Pope Gregory VII, regained the royal crown but was later excommunicated and banished from the kingdom in 1079 for murdering his opponent, Bishop Stanislaus of Szczepanów. In 1079, Władysław I Herman, who never pursued kingship took over the reins after the expulsion of Bolesław II. Władysław I was disinterested in becoming king and the country was effectively run by wojewoda Sieciech.

Feudal fragmentation

The fragmentation of Poland in 1138

In 1102,

Masovia, Silesia, Sandomierz, and a Pomeranian vassal. As a result, Poland entered a period of feudal fragmentation
that lasted for over 200 years.

During the first half of the 13th century, the

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, to this end. Henry II, continued his father's efforts, but the first Mongol invasion in 1241 and his death at the Battle of Legnica, abruptly ended the unification.[6] Generally, most Polish scholars agree that if not for the Mongol invasions of Poland
, the kingdom would have been restored in the middle of the 13th century, under the Silesian Piast Dynasty.

Reunited kingdom

Casimir III
, 1333-1370
Wawel Castle in Kraków was the residence of the Polish kings from 1038 until 1598

The next attempt to restore the monarchy and unify the Polish kingdom would occur in 1296, when

Wawel cathedral in Kraków, and then subsequently strengthened by his son Casimir III the Great
, who expanded into Red Ruthenia. However, he had to renounce his claims to Silesia in order to secure peace with the Holy Roman Empire. Casimir III is the only Polish king to receive the title "Great", and his reign was marked by substantial developments in the kingdom's urban infrastructure, civic administration, and military strength. After his death on 5 November 1370, the rule of the Piast dynasty would come to an end.

Following the death of Casimir III, who died without an heir,

Jagiellon dynasty.[8]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-8-323-13886-0
    .
  2. ISBN 978-8-323-13886-0
    .
  3. ISBN 978-83-909852-1-3
    .
  4. ^ "Casimir I". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2024. As ruler of Poland, however, he was never crowned king, and German suzerainty over Poland was in fact reestablished during his reign.
  5. ISBN 83-7063-409-5
    .
  6. ISBN 9780826037404
    .
  7. ISBN 83-08-02829-2
    . there are no preserved information about a papal consent for the coronations of Wenceslaus II in 1300 and Ryksa-Elisabeth in 1303.
  8. ISBN 978-0-88033-206-4
    .
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