Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland Korona Królestwa Polskiego ( Latin ) | |||||||||||||
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1385–1795 | |||||||||||||
Anthem: " May 3 Constitution | May 3, 1791 | ||||||||||||
January 7 1795 | |||||||||||||
Currency | |||||||||||||
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The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (
The idea of the Crown in Central Europe first appeared in Bohemia and Hungary, from where the model was taken by kings
The development of the concept of corona regni in Poland
The concept of corona regni appeared earliest in the early 12th century in England. In the thirteenth century, when it was well-formed, the term corona regni Angliae denoted non-transferable and imperishable royal dignity, power and rights, primarily the king's judicial power, but also the state as such, also understood as a defined territory, including lost lands.[7] In the 14th century, the concept of the Crown standing above the King emerged; the King had no right to infringe on the rights of the Crown and deplete its possessions. The crown, hitherto the crown jewel, becomes a self-contained and permanent legal entity.[8] Similar processes have occurred in other European countries.
In France, the term appears a little later, and refers primarily to the royal domain, but also to the lands of royal vassals. This is of particular importance in the process of incorporation of fief lands into the royal domain. The principle of non-transferablity and imperishability of the crown's rights, served in the 14th century to cancel many land grants in the previous period.[9] The concept of corona regni appears in many kingdoms of Europe, in each in a slightly different sense, related to local specifics. In Aragon, for example, the Crown is basically a common name for a range of kingdoms and territories linked virtually only by the person of a common ruler, the King of Aragon.[10]
For Poland, however, the most important is the emergence of the concept of corona regni in Hungary, where it happens already at the end of the 12th century. Originally, it is primarily the concept of the kingdom as a territorial entity, directly related to the Arpad dynasty, as heirs to the crown of St. Stephen and his descendants.
In Bohemia, the emergence of the concept of corona regni comes relatively late, as in the mid-14th century, and is primarily associated with the territorial expansion of the state and the drive to consolidate it. Above all, the loss of the Bohemian kings of the
Major political events
The history of Poland as an entity has been traditionally traced to c. 966, when the
Union of Krewo
The Union of Krewo was a set of prenuptial agreements made in the Kreva Castle on August 13, 1385. Once Jogaila confirmed the prenuptial agreements on August 14, 1385, Poland and Lithuania formed a personal union. The agreements included the adoption of Christianity, repatriation of lands "stolen" from Poland by its neighbours, and terras suas Lithuaniae et Russiae Coronae Regni Poloniae perpetuo applicare, the clause which formed the personal union. After being baptized at the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków on February 15, 1386, Jogaila began to formally use the name Władysław. Three days after his baptism, the marriage between Jadwiga and Władysław II Jagiełło took place.
Union of Lublin
The Union of Lublin created the single state of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on July 1, 1569 with a real union between the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Before then, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania only had a personal union. The Union of Lublin also made the Crown an elective monarchy; this ended the Jagiellonian dynasty once Henry de Valois was elected on May 16, 1573 as monarch.
On May 30, 1574, two months after Henry de Valois was crowned King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania on February 22, 1574, he was made King of France, and was crowned King of France on February 13, 1575. He left the throne of the Crown on May 12, 1575, two months after he was crowned King of France. Anna Jagiellon was elected after him.
Constitution of 1791
The Constitution of May 3, 1791 is the second-oldest, codified national constitution in history, and the oldest codified national constitution in Europe; the oldest being the
It made Poland a constitutional monarchy with the King as the head of the executive branch with his
The Government Act angered
Politics
The creation of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland was a milestone in the evolution of Polish statehood and the European identity. It represented the concept of the Polish kingdom (nation) as distinctly separate from the person of the monarch.
A related concept that evolved soon afterward was that of
Geography
The concept of the Crown also had geographical aspects, particularly related to the indivisibility of the Polish Crown's territory.
At the same time, the Crown also referred to all lands that the Polish state (not the monarch) could claim to have the right to rule over, including those that were not within Polish borders.[27]
The term distinguishes those territories federated with the
Prior to the 1569
During that period, a term for a Pole from the Crown territory was koroniarz (plural: koroniarze) – or Crownlander(s) in English – derived from Korona – the Crown.
Depending on context, the Polish "Crown" may also refer to "
Provinces
After the Union of Lublin (1569) Crown lands were divided into two provinces: Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska) and Greater Poland (Polish: Wielkopolska). These were further divided into administrative units known as voivodeships (the Polish names of the voivodships and towns are shown below in parentheses).
Greater Poland Province
- Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship (województwo brzesko-kujawskie, Brześć Kujawski)
- Gniezno Voivodeship (województwo gnieźnieńskie, Gniezno) from 1768
- Inowrocław Voivodeship (województwo inowrocławskie, Inowrocław)
- Kalisz Voivodeship (województwo kaliskie, Kalisz)
- Łęczyca Voivodeship (województwo łęczyckie, Łęczyca)
- Mazowsze, Warsaw)
- Poznań Voivodeship (województwo poznańskie, Poznań)
- Płock Voivodeship (województwo płockie, Płock)
- Podlaskie Voivodeship (województwo podlaskie, Drohiczyn)
- Rawa Voivodeship (województwo rawskie, Rawa)
- Sieradz Voivodeship (województwo sieradzkie, Sieradz)
- Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
Lesser Poland Province
- Bełz)
- Bracław Voivodeship (województwo bracławskie, Bracław)
- Czernihów Voivodeship (województwo czernihowskie, Czernihów)
- Kijów Voivodeship (województwo kijowskie, Kijów)
- Kraków Voivodeship (województwo krakowskie, Kraków)
- Lublin Voivodeship (województwo lubelskie, Lublin)
- Kamieniec Podolski)
- Lwów)
- Sandomierz Voivodeship (województwo sandomierskie, Sandomierz)
- Łuck)
- Duchy of Siewierz (Siewierz)
Royal Prussia Province (1569–1772)
Royal Prussia (Polish: Prusy Królewskie) was a semi-autonomous province of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772. Royal Prussia included Pomerelia, Chełmno Land (Kulmerland), Malbork Voivodeship (Marienburg), Gdańsk (Danzig), Toruń (Thorn), and Elbląg (Elbing). Polish historian Henryk Wisner writes that Royal Prussia belonged to the Province of Greater Poland.[28]
Other holdings or fiefs
Principality of Moldavia (1387–1497)
The history of Moldavia has long been intertwined with that of Poland. The Polish chronicler
Ties between Poland and Moldavia expanded after the Polish
Although
The principality of Moldavia covered the entire geographic region of Moldavia. In various periods, various other territories were politically connected with the Moldavian principality. This is the case of the province of
) or, at a later date, the territories between the Dniester and the Bug rivers.Towns in Spisz (Szepes) County (1412–1795)
As one of the terms of the
Duchy of Siewierz (1443–1795)
Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (1466–1772)
The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
Lauenburg and Bütow Land
After the childless death of the last of the
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Courland) (1562–1791)
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia is a
Duchy of Prussia (1569–1657)
The Duchy of Prussia was a
Duchy of Livonia (Inflanty) (1569–1772)
The Duchy of Livonia[37] was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – and later a joint domain (Condominium) of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Protectorates
Caffa
In 1462, during the expansion of the
See also
- Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- Lands of the Crown of Saint Wenceslaus
Notes
- ^ "Gaude Mater Polonia Creation and History". Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ISBN 9780199253395.
- ^ Frost 2015, p. 15.
- ^ Frost 2015, p. 14.
- ^ Frost 2015, p. 12.
- ^ Frost 2015, pp. 11–12.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 21–22.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 30–31.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 22–24.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, p. 24.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 27–31.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, p. 31.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, p. 38.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 34–36.
- ^ Dąbrowski 1956, pp. 36–38.
- ^ Henry Smith Williams (1904). The Historians' History of the World: Poland, The Balkans, Turkey, Minor eastern states, China, Japan. Outlook Company. pp. 88–91. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-521-55917-1. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-307-38773-8. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 978-90-481-2400-8. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 0-19-820171-0.
- JSTOR 564654.
- ISBN 978-0-7818-0637-4. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 978-1-4411-4812-4. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-7818-0637-4. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ISBN 978-1-881284-09-3.
- ^ a b c d e f Juliusz Bardach, Boguslaw Lesnodorski, and Michal Pietrzak, Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego (Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, pp. 85–86
- ^ Henryk Wisner, Rzeczpospolita Wazów. Czasy Zygmunta III i Władysława IV. Wydawnictwo Neriton, Instytut Historii PAN, Warszawa 2002, p. 26 [ISBN missing]
- ^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 273
- ISBN 978-0-231-12817-9.
- ^ Zygmunt Gloger Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski "Właściwą Małopolskę stanowiły województwa: Krakowskie, Sandomierskie i Lubelskie, oraz kupione (w wieku XV) przez Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego, biskupa krakowskiego, u książąt śląskich księstwo Siewierskie"
- ISBN 978-0-8006-7085-6.
- ^ Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie @ Google books
- ISBN 978-0-521-85332-3.
- ^ Translation of a treaty between the King of Prussia and the King and Republic of Poland. In: The Scots Magazine, vol. XXXV, Edinburgh 1773, pp. 687–691.
- ISBN 83-223-1984-3
- ISBN 90-6550-881-3, p 17
- ^ Historia Polski Średniowiecze, Stanisław Szczur, Kraków 2002, s. 537.
References
- Dąbrowski, Jan (1956). Korona Królestwa Polskiego w XIV wieku. Studium z dziejów rozwoju polskiej monarchii stanowej (in Polish). Zakład im. Ossolińskich.
- ISBN 978-0-19-820869-3.
- Jan Herburt, Statuta Regni Poloniae: in ordinem alphabeti digesta, Cracoviae (Kraków) 1563.
- Henryk Litwin, Central European Superpower, BUM Magazine, October 2016.
- Stanisław Szczur, Historia Polski Średniowiecze (History of Poland – Middle Ages), Wydawnictwo Literackie 2002, ISBN 83-08-03272-9