Kirkcaldy
Kirkcaldy | |
---|---|
Town and former royal burgh | |
Waterfront and bay (top), Townhouse clock (middle left), Old Kirk (top right), Merchants House/ High Street (top centre) Maggie's Fife (bottom centre), Beveridge Park pond (bottom) | |
Location within Fife | |
Area | 6.9 sq mi (18 km2) |
Population | 50,370 (mid-2020 est.)[4] |
• Density | 7,300/sq mi (2,800/km2) |
OS grid reference | NT275915 |
• Edinburgh | 11 miles (18 kilometres) S |
• London | 341 miles (549 kilometres) SSE |
Civil parish | |
Council area | |
Lieutenancy area | |
Country | Scotland |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | KIRKCALDY |
Postcode district | KY1, KY2 |
Dialling code | 01592 |
Police | Scotland |
Fire | Scottish |
Ambulance | Scottish |
UK Parliament | |
Scottish Parliament | |
Kirkcaldy (
Kirkcaldy has long been nicknamed the Lang Toun (ⓘ; Scots for "long town") in reference to the early town's 0.9-mile (1.4 km) main street, as indicated on maps from the 16th and 17th centuries. The street would finally reach a length of nearly 4 miles (6.4 km), connecting the burgh to the neighbouring settlements of Linktown, Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown, which became part of the town in 1876. The formerly separate burgh of Dysart was also later absorbed into Kirkcaldy in 1930 under an act of Parliament.
The area around Kirkcaldy has been inhabited since the
From the early 16th century, the establishment of a harbour at the East Burn confirmed the town's early role as an important trading port. The town also began to develop around the
Today, the town is a major service centre for the central Fife area. Public facilities include a main leisure centre, theatre, museum and art gallery, three public parks and an ice rink. Kirkcaldy is also known as the birthplace of
History
Toponymy
The name Kirkcaldy means "place of the hard fort" or "place of Caled's fort". It is derived from the
Early
The discovery of 11 Bronze Age cist burials which date from 2500 BC and 500 BC suggests that this is the most ancient funerary site in the area.[3][6] What probably made this location ideal was its natural terraces stretching away from the sand bay, and the close proximity of the East Burn to the north and the West (Tiel) Burn to the south.[6] Four Bronze Age burials dating from around 4000 BC have also been found around the site of the unmarked Bogely or Dysart Standing Stone to the east of the present A92 road.[3][6] Although there are few Roman sites in Fife, a Roman camp was known to exist at Carberry Farm on the town's outskirts.[6]
The
Medieval
The first document to recognise the town was issued in 1075, when the King of Scots, Malcolm III (reigned 1058–93) granted the shire of Kirkcaladunt, among other gifts, to the church at Dunfermline.[8][9] The residents were expected to pay dues and taxes for the church's general upkeep.[3] Two charters, later confirmed by Malcolm's son David I in 1128 and 1130, refer to Kircalethin and Kirkcaladunit respectively, but do not indicate their locations.[5][8]
In 1304, a weekly market and annual fair for Kirkcaldy was proposed by the
A charter granted in 1363 by
16th to 18th centuries
At the beginning of the 16th century, the town became an important trading port.[10] The town took advantage of its east coast location, which facilitated trading contacts with the Low Countries, the Baltic region, England, and Northern France.[5] The feu-ferme charter of 1451 between the Abbot of Dunfermline and the burgesses of Kirkcaldy mentioned a small but functioning harbour; it is not known when this harbour was established, or whether it was always located at the mouth of the East Burn.[5][9][12] According to treasurers' accounts of the early 16th century, timber imported via the harbour—possibly from the Baltic countries—was used at Falkland Palace and Edinburgh Castle, as well as in shipbuilding.[5] Raw materials such as hides, wool, skins, herring, salmon, coal and salt[13] were exported from the town until well into the 17th century.[5][14]
A charter issued by Charles I granting royal burgh status in 1644 resulted in the end of the Abbey's jurisdiction over the town. As a gesture, the king bequeathed 8.12 acres (3.29 ha) of common muir suitable for "bleaching of linen, drying of clothes, recreation and perpetuity".[15][16] In 1638, under the reign of Charles I, the town subscribed to the National Covenant, which opposed the introduction of episcopacy and patronage in the Presbyterian church.[17] Support for the Covenanting cause cost the town over 250 men at the Battle of Kilsyth in 1645.[15] The continuing civil wars killed at least another 480 men and led to the loss of many of the harbour's trading vessels.[10][15] By 1660, this left the town with only twelve registered ships, down from 100 it is claimed were recorded between 1640 and 1644.[15][17]
Towards the end of the 17th century, the economy recovered, with growth in manufacturing.
Modern
For most of the 19th century, the main industries in the town were
The expansion of the town led in 1876 to the extension of the royal burgh's boundaries. The town absorbed its neighbouring settlements of Linktown, in the parish of Abbotshall; Invertiel in the parish of Kinghorn; and Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown in the parish of Dysart.[25][26] These formerly separate settlements had once been forbidden by the old guild rights to sell their goods in Kirkcaldy.[25][27] In 1922–1923 a seawall and esplanade were constructed, funded by the Unemployment Grants Commission and built by unemployed residents.[28][29] In 1930, the town would further expand to include the former royal burgh of Dysart under an act of Parliament when its own town council became bankrupt.[30]
During the 1950s and 1960s, new housing estates were built north-west of the town.[31] This was followed by the redevelopment of the town centre in the 1960s and 1970s, which destroyed much of the old high street.[17][32] There was speculation that the town's population could increase to around 55–60,000 by 1970.[31] This did not happen: a decline in the linoleum industry in the mid-1960s led to a decrease in population, from a peak of 53,750 in 1961 to 47,962 in 1981.[10][31]
In the 21st century, Kirkcaldy remains an important centre for the surrounding areas, with a
Governance
The grant of feu-ferme status in the middle of the 15th century meant that the town could deal with its own administrative issues and fiscal policies for the first time.
Kirkcaldy enjoyed royal burgh status until this rank was abolished in 1975 under the
Kirkcaldy is represented by several tiers of elected government. It is divided into six
Fife Council, based in
The first Member of Parliament to be elected to the
Kirkcaldy forms part of the
Geography
Kirkcaldy curves around a sandy cove between the Tiel (West) Burn to the south and the East Burn to the north, on a bay facing southeast onto the Firth of Forth.[7][54] The town lies 9.3 miles (15 km) south-southeast of Glenrothes,[55] 11.8 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Dunfermline,[56] 44.4 miles (71 km) west-southwest of Dundee[57] and 18.6 miles (30 km) north-northeast of Edinburgh.[58] The town adopted its nickname of the lang toun from the 0.9-mile (1.4 km) single street, recorded on early maps of the 16th and 17th centuries.[17][59] The street eventually reached a length of nearly 4 miles (6.4 km), linking the burgh to its neighbouring suburbs of Linktown, Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown.[59][60]
Historians are not sure where the medieval centre of Kirkcaldy was located, but it may have been at the corner of Kirk Wynd and the High Street.
The small burns that are tributaries to the East Burn contributed to the draining of the lands of Dunnikier Estate. The burn emerges from a deep-set culvert to flow under the Victoria Viaduct, down a deep gorge, through the site of Hutchison's Flour Mills before running parallel to the harbour wall and into the sea.[61] From the mid-19th century, the Hutchison's buildings became a significant landmark adjacent to the burn.[61] The flour millers chose this area for its railway connection which linked the main station to the harbour, rather than for the need to use the burn to power the mills.[61] The West (or Tiel) Burn, was also important, providing power for textile mills.[61] This burn flowed out of the Raith Estate lands where scenically and recreationally it was used to create Raith Lake (with its tributary, the Dronachy Burn). The mill owners in Linktown also made use of the burn.[61]
Climate
Climate data for Kirkcaldy (6 m asl, averages 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
1.3 (34.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.2 (37.8) |
0.7 (33.3) |
5.5 (41.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 67.7 (2.67) |
51.3 (2.02) |
62.7 (2.47) |
46.1 (1.81) |
54.5 (2.15) |
57.9 (2.28) |
61.9 (2.44) |
60.9 (2.40) |
70.2 (2.76) |
87.8 (3.46) |
77.9 (3.07) |
74.0 (2.91) |
772.9 (30.44) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 12.6 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 134.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 46.2 | 76.2 | 110.4 | 147.8 | 192.9 | 166.3 | 176.7 | 163.3 | 124.4 | 99.9 | 66.9 | 38.2 | 1,409.2 |
Source: Met Office[63] |
Demography
Towards the end of the 16th century, a detailed assessment on the size of the townscape was carried out.[17] The first estimate of the parish population in 1639 was between 3,000 and 3,200 and around 3,400 by 1691. At the beginning of the 18th century, the population declined.[17] A census by Webster's Topographical Dictionary of Scotland in 1755, recorded an estimate of 2,296 in the parish.[17] By the time of the first nationwide UK census in 1801, the population had risen to 3,248.[64] The population of the burgh was recorded as 4,785 in the 1841 Census, and had risen to 34,079 by 1901. By the time of the 1951 Census, the figure stood at 49,050.[65]
Kirkcaldy compared according to UK Census 2011[66]
| |||
---|---|---|---|
Kirkcaldy | Fife | Scotland | |
Total population | 49,709 | 365,198 | 5,295,403 |
Percentage Scottish identity only | 66.6% | 63.8% | 62.4% |
Over 75 years old | 8.8% | 7.9% | 7.7% |
Unemployed | 6.4% | 4% | 4.8% |
According to the
The place of birth of the town's residents was 96.52% United Kingdom (including 87.15% from Scotland), 0.28% Republic of Ireland, 1.18% from other European Union countries, and 1.86% from elsewhere in the world.[67] The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 40.13% in full-time employment, 12.17% in part-time employment, 4.79% self-employed, 5.68% unemployed, 2.57% students with jobs, 3.06% students without jobs, 15.70% retired, 5.51% looking after home or family, 6.68% permanently sick or disabled, and 3.71% economically inactive for other reasons.[73] Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Kirkcaldy has low proportions of immigrants, and has higher proportions for people over 75 years old.[67]
In 2010, more than 7,000 people claimed benefits in the Kirkcaldy area; around 90 fewer than in 2009 but 500 more than the pre-recession average for 2008.[74] Recent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) figures indicate that the most deprived datazone in Fife is Gallatown and Sinclairtown which has a rank of 82, meaning that it is amongst the 5% most deprived areas in Scotland. Linktown, Seafield, Hayfield, Smeaton and Templehall East areas in Kirkcaldy fall within the 5–10% banding of most deprived communities in Scotland.[75]
In June 2017, there was a recorded 1,000
Economy
Kirkcaldy Industry Employed compared according to | |||
---|---|---|---|
Kirkcaldy Area | Fife | Scotland | |
Area Committee[78] Total Population (2011) | 59,795 | 366,910 | 5,327,700 |
All Persons 16–74 in Employment (2011) | 27,040 | 167,326 | 2,516,895 |
% Primary Industry Employment (2011) | 1.6% | 2.4% | 3.3% |
% Manufacturing Employment (2011) | 10.1% | 10.0% | 7.7% |
% Utilities Employment (2011) | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.6% |
% Construction Employment (2011) | 8.3% | 8.2% | 8.0% |
% Wholesale, Retail & Transport Employed (2011) | 21.0% | 18.6% | 19.9% |
% Accommodation and Food Employed (2011) | 5.3% | 5.6% | 6.3% |
% ICT Employed (2011) | 2.7% | 3.0% | 2.7% |
% Finance & Professional Employed (2011) | 18.1% | 19.1% | 20.1% |
% Public Sector Employed (2011) | 7.4% | 7.8% | 7.0% |
% Education & Health Employed (2011) | 24.4% | 23.8% | 23.4% |
The first industries to develop in the town were coal mining and salt panning, which date back to the early 16th century.[17] Early manufacturing both in Kirkcaldy and neighbouring Pathhead consisted of coarse cloth and nailmaking; the latter of which went to the Royal Master of Works for repairs at Holyrood Palace until the 17th century.[17] Linen weaving, which began in 1672, became important to the town, with yarn imported from Hamburg and Bremen.[14] The pottery industry, which was originally established in 1714 as an offshoot of the Linktown Brick and Tile Works, was centred around Linktown, Gallatown and Sinclairtown.[79] The Fife Pottery, built by Andrew and Archibald Grey in 1817, produced Wemyss Ware, named after the family who owned Wemyss Castle.[80]
The production of heavy canvas was started in 1828 by Michael Nairn at a small factory.[22] Influenced by a visit to Bristol, Nairn started to make floorcloth at his new factory at Pathhead in 1847, where his company pioneered the use of ovens to season the floorcloth and reduce production times.[81] When the patent belonging to Frederick Walton expired, Nairn's were able to manufacture linoleum from 1877 onwards.[82] Other factories producing floorcloth and later linoleum were established by former employees of Michael Nairn.[22]
Approximately 22,200 people work in the Kirkcaldy area, the majority of which are in Kirkcaldy itself and to a lesser degree in Burntisland.[83] This represents approximately 13.6% of the 163,000 jobs in Fife.[84] The local economy is dominated by service sector businesses. Other important economic sectors in the Kirkcaldy area are retailing and construction with moderate levels of jobs in financial and business services.[83] The largest employer in the town is MGt plc. Other important local employers include NHS Fife, Forbo (vinyl floor coverings), Fife College (education), Whitworths Holdings (flour millers) and Smith Anderson (paper making).[85]
The principal industrial and business estates include Mitchleston, Randolph, Hayfield, and John Smith Business Park.[86] Local industrial activity has also increased with the reopening in 2011 of Kirkcaldy Harbour to cargo ships.[34] This has been facilitated through a partnership between Forth Ports Ltd (the owners of the harbour), Hutchison's parent company of Carr's Flour Mills, and Transport Scotland, who provided a freight facilities grant of over £800,000. The work included new silos and conveyors to allow fast delivery from coastal ships.[34]
Kirkcaldy's town centre, which serves a large catchment area of around 130,000 residents within a 20-minute drive, is the largest in Fife in terms of retail floor space.
An out-of-town retail park constructed in 1997 north-west of the town on Chapel Level, off the A92 is home to a number of warehouse retailers.[93][94] The retail park was purchased by Hammerson, a London-based property developer for £75 million in April 2005.[94]
Culture
Kirkcaldy Galleries is home to the town's museum and art gallery and central library. The building opened in 1925 under its former name of Kirkcaldy Museum and Art Gallery and was extended to provide a main library in 1928.[95][96] In 2011, the building was closed to allow a £2.4 million renovation which was completed in June 2013. The work resulted in the integration of the facilities within the building through a single entrance and reception desk. The building also adopted its present name.[97][98][99]
The Adam Smith Theatre, the town's main auditorium, plays host to theatrical and musical productions as well as showing a selection of
The Links Market originated as a
There are three main public parks in Kirkcaldy.[87]
- Beveridge Park, to the west of the town is a 104 acres (420,000 m2) park created from the existing Robbie's Park, and land purchased from the Raith Estate.
- Ravenscraig Park, to the east of the town was formed from the estate of Dysart House.[112][113] The grounds were bequeathed to the town by the linoleum manufacturer Sir Michael Nairn in 1929.[114] It is adjacent to Ravenscraig Castle.
- Dunnikier Park, to the north of the town, purchased by the town council in 1945, consists of an area around Dunnikier House and is home to many woodland walkways.[115][116] Dunnikier House was built around 1790 for James Townsend Oswald, M.P.
Religion
There are several places of worship in Kirkcaldy including:
- Abbotshall[117]
- Bennochy[118]
- Linktown[119] linked with Auchtertool
- Pathhead[120]
- St Bryce Kirk[121]
- Templehall,[122] Torbain and Viewforth linked with Thornton
Roman Catholic
- St Marie's
- St Pius X
Baptist
Other Churches
- Connect Church[125]
- Kirkcaldy Free Church[126]
- Newcraigs Evangelical Church[127]
- Redeemed Christian Church of God[128]
- St Peter's Episcopal Church[129]
- Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses[130]
Islam
- Kirkcaldy Central Mosque[131]
On film and TV
- Unveiling of Kirkcaldy War Memorial[132] (c1925) 10 mins – Kirkcaldy crowds and soldiers between the wars.
- Road Races[133] (1951–1952) 15 mins – Includes shots from Beveridge Park.
- Kirkcaldy Youth Pageant[134] (1952) 12 mins – Includes the Lang Toun Lass and Laddie with "Groucho Marx"
- The Scottish footballer of the yearRaith Rovers
- The Queen Among MinersQueen Elizabeth IIin a white boiler suit at Rothes Colliery.
- Fine Floors[137] (c1963) 26 mins – A promotional film for the linoleum manufacturers, Michael Nairn and Company Ltd. See also this derivative.[138]
- Kirkcaldy[139] (1975) 22 mins – Guided by a cartoon disc jockey, the film looks at the Fife town of Kirkcaldy
- The 700th[140] (2005) 56 mins – The 7th centenary of the Links Market
- The Town that Floored the World[141] (first shown: BBC2 21 May 2018) 1 hour – Kirkcaldy and the linoleum industry.
Sport and leisure
The other senior football team,
Kirkcaldy RFC are the senior rugby team and play at Beveridge Park in Scottish National League Division Two, the third tier of Scottish club rugby.[143] Fife Flyers, established in 1938, are the oldest ice hockey team in the United Kingdom.[147] The team, who play at the Fife Ice Arena, have been members of the Elite League since the 2011–12 season.[87][148] Dunnikier Cricket Club play at Dunnikier Park and a flag football club play at Beveridge Park.[143][149] The town has a range of leisure facilities such as a swimming pool, an ice rink, and two golf courses (Kirkcaldy and Dunnikier).[87] In August 2019, Kirkcaldy held its first half marathon in nearly thirty years.
Fife Steel Basketball Club are Kirkcaldy's only BasketballScotland affiliated basketball club. Steel offer a number of age groups within the club and play in numerous National and Regional level competitions. Currently, the club are represented in both the Lothian Basketball League[150] and Basketball Tayside and Fife League[151] - both 3rd tier competitions.
A new £15 million leisure centre on the town's Esplanade opened its doors in September 2013. This has replaced the old Kirkcaldy Swimming Pool from the 1970s.[152] The decision to build a new leisure centre on this site was controversial, as it resulted in the loss of a public car park. A petition organised by the campaign group Save The Car Park collected over 7,000 signatures in favour of keeping the car park open.[153][154] The group said that the closure of the car park would discourage shoppers from coming to the High Street and raised issues over the loss of shopowners' right of access to the car park.[153][154] This decision was severely criticised in an internal audit report.[155][156]
Local running clubs include Kirkcaldy Wizards, which is both a JogScotland group and the Kirkcaldy area training group for Fife Athletic Club.[157]
Landmarks
The oldest church in Kirkcaldy is the Old Kirk, the old parish church, on Kirk Wynd.
Kirkcaldy Town House on Wemyssfield is the centrepiece of the town's main civic square.[60][162] The building was designed in the late 1930s by David Carr and William Howard of Edinburgh.[60][163] With the advent of World War II, work was delayed on the building until 1950.[163] Construction was split into two phases: the west wing, which was completed in 1953, and the east wing, completed in 1956.[163][164]
Kirkcaldy War Memorial in War Memorial Gardens unveiled in 1925 was gifted to the town by John Nairn, linoleum manufacturer and grandson of Michael Nairn. This was dedicated to Ian Nairn, the son of John Nairn who died in the
In the north-east are two homes of early wealthy merchants and shipowners connected with Kirkcaldy's harbour.[167] The Merchant's House or Law's Close at 339–343 High Street;[168] once owned by the Law family, is one of the best surviving examples of a 16th-century town house in Scotland.[169][170] Sailors' Walk, at 443–449 High Street;[168] consists of two 17th century houses, resting on foundations dating back to around 1460.[168][171] These two houses were once divided into four dwellings; three of which were owned by the Oliphant family and the fourth by James Ferguson of Raith.[172]
North of the harbour area, on The Path, are two examples of distinctive architectural styles.[168] Hutchison's House was designed by George Spears, the owner of the nearby East Bridge distillery, in 1793.[168][173] Path House, originally known as Dunnikier House, is a three-storey L-plan tower house designed by John Watson in 1692 for his bride, Euphan Orrock.[173][174] In 1703 Watson sold the house to the Oswald family, who had important links with the town.[173]
Two large stately homes also exist within the town. To the north of Kirkcaldy is Dunnikier House, built in the late 18th century as a seat for the Oswald family, replacing their previous residence at Path House.[168][175] To the south-west of Kirkcaldy is Raith House, built in the late 17th century by Sir Alexander Raith, 4th Earl of Raith and Melville, for his wife, Barbara Dundas.[175][176] The house remains a private residence of the Munro-Ferguson family.[175]
To the east of the town are the ruins of Ravenscraig Castle on a rocky spit of land extending into the Firth of Forth.[177] King James II began construction of the castle in 1460 for his queen, Mary of Guelders. It was also a means of defending the upper reaches of the Forth, including the port of Dysart. To a lesser extent it protected the harbour of Kirkcaldy against piracy and English rivalry.[173][177] Ravenscraig is one of the earliest British castles designed to defend against and use artillery, an innovation demonstrated by the massive walls, the regularly placed shot holes, and the deep rock-cut ditch.[178] Following the death of the King at the siege of Roxburgh Castle (1460), work continued on Ravenscraig, and it became a home for Mary of Gueldres until her death in 1463.[179] In 1470 King James III granted the castle and lands to William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, in exchange for the castle in Kirkwall and the right to the Earldom of Orkney.[178][179]
Education
The first school to be established in the town was Kirkcaldy Burgh School in 1582, a
Kirkcaldy has four secondary schools and eleven primary schools.[186][187] Other educational facilities include a private school and a school for children with learning difficulties.[188] Kirkcaldy High School, the oldest secondary school, serves pupils living in the north of the town and has occupied a site on Dunnikier Way since 1958.[189][190] Balwearie High School opened as a junior secondary school in 1964 and was upgraded to a high school in 1972.[188][191] The school serves pupils living in the western end of the town and neighbouring Kinghorn and Burntisland.[191] Viewforth High School, which opened in 1908, was also initially a junior secondary school, but upgraded to a high school in 1980.[188] Plans have been approved to build a new secondary school for Kirkcaldy East at the site of the Windmill Road Playing Fields.[192] Work will be funded through the Building Fife's School Project for completion in August 2016.[193][194] St Andrews RC High School, which opened in the late 1950s is one of two Roman Catholic secondary schools in Fife. This caters to pupils living in the eastern half of Fife, from St Andrews to Burntisland and Lochgelly.[188][195]
Further education is provided by Fife College who have their main campus on St Brycedale Avenue.[196] The college was created in August 2013 from the merger of Adam Smith College, Fife and Carnegie College, Dunfermline.[197] The University of Dundee also has a campus in the town which specialises as a School for Nursing and Midwifery. Originally built by the Fife Health Board for the use of the old Fife College of Further and Higher Education, this campus was taken over by the university in 1996.[198]
Public services
Waste management is handled by the
Health care is supplied by
Media
There are two radio stations in the town, Victoria Radio Network a hospital radio station based in Victoria Hospital and K107, a community radio station.[212][213]
Kingdom FM broadcasts from its studio at Elizabeth House in the town. [214]
Transport
Railway
Kirkcaldy railway station is to the north-west of the town centre and is on the route for the Fife Circle Line and the East Coast Main Line.[215]
Other services run to locations such as Aberdeen and Inverness to the north, and south as far as London King's Cross and Penzance.[216][217] Nearby stations such as Burntisland and Kinghorn are to the south and west of the town.
Roads
The A92, which connects Dunfermline to the west with
Buses
The main bus station, next to where the Postings Shopping Centre once stood,[222] is located between Hill Place and Hunter Street.[223]
Notable residents
Kirkcaldy is the birthplace of
Politicians who come from the town include Henry Balnaves (ca.1512–1570) a Scottish politician, Lord Justice Clerk and religious reformer; [229] Ronald Munro Ferguson, the Governor-General of Australia from 1914 to 1920;[230] David Steel, leader of the Liberal Party from 1979 to 1988 and former Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament;[231] and Bertha Wilson, the first female judge of the Supreme Court of Canada and Court of Appeal for Ontario.[232] The former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Prime Minister and MP for the town's constituency until his retirement in 2015, Gordon Brown, was brought up in the town from the age of three.[233][234]
The mathematician Edward Sang was born in Kirkcaldy in 1805.[235]
The Scottish
Guy Berryman, bassist of the alternative rock band Coldplay, was born and brought up in the town until the age of thirteen.[239]
Sportsmen include the two-time world
The eminent zoologist, Prof
The Very Rev
Prof
Sir
Dave Dryburgh was born in Kirkcaldy in 1908. He later became a sports journalist and was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.[245]
The artist
Twin town
References
Notes
- ^ "Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland database". Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
- ^ a b c d Taylor and Márkus 2006, p. 487.
- ^ a b c d e f g Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 10–12.
- ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Torrie and Coleman 1995, pp. 12–13.
- ^ a b c d Torrie and Coleman 1995, pp. 9–10.
- ^ a b c d e Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, pp. 6–8.
- ^ a b c d MacBean 1908, pp. 33–34.
- ^ a b c d Glen 2007, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d e Eunson 1998, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Omand 2000, p. 138.
- ^ Torrie and Coleman 1995, p. 53.
- ^ Mackay, Aeneas James George (1896). A history of Fife and Kinross. Edinburgh: Blackwood. p. 279. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ a b c Glen 2007, p. 120.
- ^ a b c d e f Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 17–18.
- ^ Kilrounie, ed. (1901). Kingdom : a descriptive and historical handbook to Fife (5th ed.). Cupar, Fife: A. Westwood. p. 20. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Torrie and Coleman 1995, pp. 15–19.
- ^ a b c Glen, 2007, pp. 37–38.
- ^ Smith 1952, p. 480.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 87.
- ^ Omand 2000, p. 195.
- ^ a b c d Smith 1952, pp. 287–288.
- ^ Eunson 1998, p. 6.
- ^ Lamont-Brown, 2002, p. 145.
- ^ a b Smith, 1952, pp. 470–471.
- ^ "Zoomable map from 1892–1905 with opacity slider". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 40.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 195.
- ^ "Dysart Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan" (PDF). Fife Council. April 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ a b c Kirkcaldy Town Council, Development of Kirkcaldy
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 286.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 82.
- ^ a b c d McCabe, Paul (20 October 2011). "Dawn of a New Era". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. pp. 6–7.
- ^ Torrie and Coleman 1995, p. 30.
- ^ Marquess of Bute, John; Lonsdale, H. W.; MacPhail, J. R. N. (1897). The Arms of the Royal and Parliamentary Burghs of Scotland. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons. pp. 220–228. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ Fife Council 2000, p. 10.
- ^ "Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) website". OPSI. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ "A list of community councils". Fife Council. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- ^ "Select Areas by Map: Civil Parish: Kirkcaldy and Dysart". Scotland's Census Results Online. General Register Office for Scotland. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Reserved and devolved matters". Scotland Office. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Central Local Services Centre, Town House, Kirkcaldy". Fife Council. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- ^ "A list of Fife Councillors". Fife Council. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ a b MacBean 1908, p. 53.
- ^ a b Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2010, p. 1.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2010, p. 9.
- ^ "Lesley Laird wins Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath constituency". UK Parliament. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath constituency results 2017". BBC News. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ^ "Regional Members". Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ "David Torrance, Kirkcaldy MSP". Scottish Parliament. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ "Scottish elections – Kirkcaldy constituency results". BBC News (Vote 2011). Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ "Report on the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament boundaries" (PDF). TSO (The Stationery Office). May 2010. pp. 159–162. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ^ "List of MEPs for Scotland". European Parliament. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ Torrie and Coleman 1995, pp. 5–6.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy to Glenrothes distance". globefeed.com. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy to Dunfermline distance". globefeed.com. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy to Dundee distance". globefeed.com. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy to Edinburgh distance". globefeed.com. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ a b Leighton 1860, p. 147.
- ^ a b c d e Pride 1998, pp. 51–53.
- ^ a b c d e f Glen 2007, p. 10.
- ^ a b Torrie and Coleman 1995, pp. 29–30.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy climate information". Met Office. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Current Total Population: Kirkcaldy Scottish Parish". A Vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ "Current Total Population: Kirkcaldy Burgh". A Vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Scotland's Census 2011– Kirkcaldy Locality". scotlandscensus.gov.uk. 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- ^ a b c "Comparative Population: Kirkcaldy Locality Scotland". scrol.co.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Comparative Household Profile: Kirkcaldy Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "Mid-2010 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size" (PDF). General Register for Scotland. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ "Estimated population of localities by broad age groups, mid-2012" (PDF). General Register Office for Scotland. 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ PDF). Fife Council Research Team. p. 3. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Area General Profile". knowfife.fife.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
- ^ "Comparative Employment Profile: Kirkcaldy Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Area Economic Profile" (PDF). Fife Council. December 2011. p. 8. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- PDF). simd.scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- PDF). Fife Economy Partnership. July 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Area Committee – General Profile". knowfife.fife.gov.uk. 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- PDF). Fife Council. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 158.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 161.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 140.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 142.
- ^ a b "Kirkcaldy Area Economic Profile" (PDF). Fife Council. December 2011. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- PDF). Fife Economy Partnership. October 2013. p. 6. Retrieved 30 October 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Area Economic Profile" (PDF). Fife Council. December 2011. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Area Economic Profile" (PDF). Fife Council. December 2011. p. 3. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Promoting Fife: Kirkcaldy" (PDF). Fife Council. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Kirkcaldy Town Centre Fact Sheet" (PDF). Fife Council. October 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy wins YES vote for town centre Business Improvement District". Fife Council. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy High Street's new look revealed!". Fife Council. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ "Work set to begin on Kirkcaldy's 'Green Corridor". Fife Council. 25 May 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- ^ "Town Centre Regeneration Fund first tranche". Scottish Government. 18 December 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
- ^ "Fife Central Retail Park, Kirkcaldy". Hammerson. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ a b Glen 2007, pp. 289–290.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society, 2005, p. 33.
- ^ a b c Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, p. 72.
- ^ Simpson, Donna (29 September 2011). "Library and museum to get refurb – 86 years on!". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. p. 4.
- ^ Scoon, Tanya (24 January 2013). "I name this building...". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. pp. 9–10.
- ^ Watson, Jonathan (4 February 2013). "Museum is thinking big". Dundee: The Courier (Fife Edition). p. 7.
- ^ a b Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 54.
- ^ "Adam Smith Theatre – Overview". Arts and Theatres Trust, Fife. 23 November 2011.
- ^ "King's Theatre". Theatres Trust. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, p. 105.
- ^ "Civic Affairs – Twinning and Networking". Fife Council. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
- ^ a b Scoon, Tanya (17 November 2011). "50 Years As Twins!". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. p. 15.
- ^ a b Kirkcaldy Civic Society, 2000, pp. 7–9.
- ^ "Beveridge Park". Fife Council. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ^ a b c Simpson, Donna (28 July 2011). "A Warm Welcome to Fife's green and (very) pleasant land...". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. pp. 12–13.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2000, p. 11.
- ^ "Fife Greenspace Audit – Kirkcaldy Area Committee" (PDF). Fife Council. September 2009. p. 9. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy parkrun". parkrun. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Ravenscraig Park". Fife Council. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ^ "Fife Greenspace Audit – Kirkcaldy Area Committee" (PDF). Fife Council. September 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, p. 56.
- ^ "Dunnikier Park". Fife Council. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ^ Omand 2000, p. 200.
- ^ "Abbotshall Parish Church, Kirkcaldy". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Bennochy Parish Church". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Linktown Church of Scotland, KIRKCALDY". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Pathhead Parish Church Kirkcaldy". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "St Bryce Kirk". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Templehall Parish Church, Kirkcaldy". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Whyte's Causeway Baptist Church, Kirkcaldy". Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Pathhead Baptist Church". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Connect Church – a family church in Kirkcaldy, Fife – Connect Church". connect.church.me.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Free Church". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Newcraigs Evangelical Church". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "The Redeemed Christian Church of God". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "St Peter's Episcopal Church". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Jehovah's Witnesses". Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Islamic Centre". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Unveiling of Kirkcaldy War Memorial". Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Road Races". Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Youth Pageant". Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Footballer of the Year 1957". British Pathe. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "The Queen Among Miners 1958". British Pathe. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Fine Floors". Moving Image Archive.
- ^ "Made in Kirkcaldy". Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy". Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "The 700th". Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ Rao, Shruti. "The Town That Floored the World". BBC2. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ "Raith Rovers F.C. team information". Scottish Professional Football League. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 50–52.
- ^ a b c d e Potter and Jones 2008, p. 286.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, p. 52.
- ^ "East Region Premier Division – Tables". Scottish Junior Football Association (East Region). Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ "Flyers bid for first silverware of season". The Fife Free Press (Fife Today). 1 October 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ^ "Fife Flyers will join the Elite League for next season". BBC Sport. 24 June 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Bulls Flag Football Club Statistics". BAFA (British American Football Association). Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ https://lothian.leaguerepublic.com/
- ^ https://btfseniorleagues.leaguerepublic.com/fg/1_551384751.html
- ^ "Kirkcaldy – Leisure Centre". Active Fife. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ^ a b "Fife Council's £100,000 budget to buy car park access rights". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. 15 July 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Thousands of objections to Kirkcaldy car park closure order". Kirkcaldy: Fife Free Press. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
- ^ "Council officials criticised for over-optimism on new Kirkcaldy Swimming Pool". Dundee: The Courier. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy swimming pool fiasco continues". The Scottish Echo. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "Fife AC: Kirkcaldy Wizard". Fife Athletic Club. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Pearson 1993, p. 16.
- ^ Torrie and Coleman 1995, p. 46.
- ^ a b Glen 2007, p. 14.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 180.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 114.
- ^ a b c Glen 2007, p. 261.
- ^ Fife Council 2000, p. 13.
- ^ a b Glen 2007, p. 244.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2000, p. 9.
- ^ Torrie and Coleman 1995, p. 61.
- ^ a b c d e f Pride 1998, pp. 55–58.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 22.
- ^ "Law's Close, Kirkcaldy: Project Sheet" (PDF). Scottish Historic Buildings Trust (SHBT). Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^ National Trust for Scotland 1976, p. 104.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 47.
- ^ a b c d Torrie and Coleman 1995, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 67.
- ^ a b c Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 13–14.
- ^ Pride 1998, p. 103.
- ^ a b Omand 2000, p. 149.
- ^ a b Walker and Ritchie 1996, p. 117.
- ^ a b Glen 2007, p. 55.
- ^ Grant, James (1876). History of the Burgh Schools of Scotland (PDF). William Collins, Sons & Co. p. 301.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, p. 41.
- ^ Grant, James (1876). History of the Burgh Schools of Scotland (PDF). William Collins, Sons & Co. p. 512.
- ^ a b c d Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 21.
- ^ a b Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2007, p. 44.
- ^ Smith 1952, pp. 475–476.
- ^ "A list of all primary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "A list of all secondary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ a b c d Glen 2007, p. 116.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 35–36.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy High School profile". Fife Council. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
- ^ a b "Balwearie High School profile". Fife Council. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
- ^ Alexander, Michael (5 December 2013). "'Massive' boost as council gives the school the green light". Dundee: "The Courier" (Fife Edition). p. 4.
- ^ Wilson, Charlene (16 May 2013). "Viewforth views sought". Dundee: "The Courier" (Fife Edition). p. 7.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy East Secondary School – Proposed Document" (PDF). Fife Council. 17 May 2013. pp. 4–5.
- ^ "St Andrews RC High School status". Fife Council. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
- ^ Fife College, "Think Fife College, Prospectus 2016–17", p. 46.
- ^ Alexander, Michael (1 August 2013). "Big Day as Colleges merge". Dundee: "The Courier". p. 6.
- ^ "Our Campuses". The University of Dundee. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
- ^ "Fife Council rolling out its four-bin recycle scheme". Evening Telegraph. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ "Recycling Centre in Kirkcaldy". Fife Council. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ^ "List of recycling points in Kirkcaldy". Fife Council. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ^ "Landfill Sites in Fife". Fife Council. 22 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012.
- ^ "NHS Fife – Contact Us". NHS Fife. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ a b "GH&MS (General Hospital & Maternity Services) Project Newsletter". No. 5. Kirkcaldy: NHS Fife. February 2011.
- ^ "New Wing, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy" (PDF). Tata Steel. 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "Maggie's Cancer Care Centre, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom". designbuild-network.com. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 285.
- ^ "Whyteman's Brae Hospital". NHS Fife. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Fire Station". Scottish Fire and Rescue Service. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "Fife Police Offices". Police Scotland. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "How we are organised". Scottish Ambulance Service. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "In Pictures: 50 years of Victoria Radio Network". www.fifetoday.co.uk. 3 March 2021.
- ^ "Radio legend Mike Read launches show on Fife station". www.fifetoday.co.uk. 5 January 2022.
- ^ "Kingdom FM". Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Railway Station Profile". Fife Council. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 110.
- ^ "Scotland, the North East & Manchester to the South West and South Coast – CrossCountry Trains timetable May–December 2020" (PDF). crosscountrytrains.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ Nicolson Maps 2002, p. 7.
- ^ Nicolson Maps 2002, p. 32.
- ^ Nicolson Maps 2002, pp. 35&52.
- ^ Nicolson Maps 2002, pp. 37–39.
- ^ "New images show Postings Shopping Centre disappearing from Kirkcaldy skyline". The Courier. 20 April 2023.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Bus Station". Fife Council. 15 July 2011.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 67.
- ^ Torrie and Coleman 1995, p. 29.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 60.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, p. 62.
- ^ Kirkcaldy Civic Society 2005, pp. 70–71.
- ^ Pollard, Albert Frederick (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 284.
- ^ Glen 2007, p. 81.
- ^ O'Grady, Sean (27 October 2007). "David Steel: Liberal conscience". The Independent. London. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- ^ "First female Supreme Court judge dies at age 83". CTV News. 30 April 2007. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Allport, 2009, p. 18.
- ^ Wheeler, Brian (27 July 2007). "The Gordon Brown Story". BBC News. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "Edward Sang from The Gazetteer for Scotland". scottish-places.info. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ^ ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
- ^ "Patrick Don Swan, Provost of Kirkcaldy – Art UK". artuk.org.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy author Val McDermid set to appear on BBC book show". fifetoday.co.uk. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ Roach 2010, p. 6.
- ^ "From VRN to Fame Academy". Fife Free Press. 14 August 2003. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- ^ "Peter Whiteford Biography". European Tour. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- ^ Arnott's Biscuits – One Hundred Years (Syd, 1968); Maitland Mercury, 1851–65, 1883, especially 27 August 1857, 1, 8 September 1883; Newcastle Morning Herald, 1 September 1877, 18 September 1880, 24 September 1889, 12 April 1893, 16 October 1897, 15 September 1899, 23, 24, 25, 26 July 1901; family papers (privately held).
- ^ Gordon, Moira (22 May 2016). "Lewis Stevenson is first Hibs player ever to win both cups". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
- ^ a b "Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-88977-167-3.
- ^ "Frances Walker". Peacock - a workshop for art. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
Bibliography
- Allport, Alan (2009). Gordon Brown (Modern World Leaders). Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60413-080-5.
- Eunson, Eric (1998). Old Kirkcaldy: Central, North and West. Ochiltree: Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1-84033-052-X.
- Fife Council (2000). Kirkcaldy's History, Its Places and Its Famous People. Kirkcaldy: Fife Council.
- Glen, Duncan (2007). Kirkcaldy: A New Illustrated History from Pre-history to 2007. Akros Publications. ISBN 978-0-86142-186-2.
- Kirkcaldy Civic Society (2000). Beveridge Park in the Year 2000 (2nd ed.). Kirkcaldy Civic Society. ISBN 0-946294-27-5.
- Kirkcaldy Civic Society (2000). Town Centre Walkabout. Kirkcaldy Civic Society. ISBN 0-946294-23-2.
- Kirkcaldy Civic Society (2005). Kirkcaldy: A History and Celebration. Francis Firth Collection. ISBN 1-84567-749-8.
- Kirkcaldy Civic Society (2007). Kirkcaldy Remembered (2nd ed.). Nonsuch Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84588-386-7.
- Kirkcaldy Civic Society; Potter, David (2010). Kirkcaldy's parliamentarians. OCLC 697774877.
- Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). Fife in History and Legend. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-567-9.
- Leighton, John M. (1860). History of The County of Fife from the earliest period to the present time. Glasgow: Joseph Swan. OCLC 656309666.
- MacBean, L. (1908). Kirkcaldy Burgh Records. Kirkcaldy: Fifeshire Advertiser. OCLC 40435665.
- National Trust for Scotland (1976). National Trust for Scotland Guide (1st ed.). Cape. ISBN 0-224-01239-8.
- Nicolson Maps (2002). Fife Street Atlas (2nd ed.). Nicolson Maps. ISBN 1-86097-150-4.
- Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn Publishing. ISBN 1-84158-274-3.
- Pearson, John M (1993). Around Kirkcaldy (1st ed.). Levenmouth Printers. ISBN 0-9519134-3-3.
- Potter, David; Jones, Phil H. (2008). An Encyclopaedia of Scottish Football. Know the Score books. ISBN 978-1-84818-501-2.
- Pride, Glen L. (1998). Kingdom of Fife (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Rutland Press. ISBN 1-873190-49-2.
- Roach, Martin (2010). Viva Coldplay: A Biography. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84938-546-6.
- Smith, Alexander (1952). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: County of Fife. Oliver and Boyd. OCLC 41800432.
- Taylor, Simon; Márkus, Gilbert (2006). The Place-Names of Fife, Volume One. Donington: Shaun Tyas. ISBN 1-900289-77-6.
- Torrie; Coleman (1995). Historic Kirkcaldy. Historic Scotland with Scottish Cultural Press. ISBN 1-898218-38-2.
- Walker, Bruce; Ritchie, J. N. G. (1996). Fife, Perthshire and Angus. Exploring Scotland's Heritage (2nd ed.). Mercat Press. ISBN 0-11-495286-8.