Klopotec

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A klopotec (pronounced [klɔˈpɔːtəts]) is a wooden mechanical device on a high wooden pole, similar to a windmill. It is used as a bird scarer in the vineyards of traditional wine-growing landscapes of Slovenia, Austria, and Croatia. It is one of the symbols of Slovenia and Styria.

The windmill in the Slovene Hills typically has four blades, and in Haloze six blades,^{[citation needed]} driving an axis with a sail or vane that is constructed to swivel so it is always positioned perpendicular to the wind. As the axis rotates, wooden hammers are lifted off their resting position by fixed notches. As they fall back, they rhythmically impact on a wooden board. While the quality of the sound is dependent on the wood of which the hammers and sounding boards are made, the rattle frequency depends on the number of hammers, as well as changes in wind speed.

The device is used primarily to scare

The device has many names. In Slovene it is called klopotec and in some dialects klapoc. Both words derive from klopotati, that is to produce cut off, rhythmic sounds. In German it is called Windradl; ever increasing is the use of the word Klapotetz and also Klapotez. In English it could be described as a bird-scaring rattle, a wind-rattle or a wind-clapper.

History

Although a local historian from

Still earlier than this, however, is the mention of the Klappermühle in German writings from at least the 16th century, which could signify either a true mill^[clarification needed] intentionally designed to scare birds away especially from fruit trees, or a smaller windmill-like device similar to the klopotec.^[1]

Construction

Schloßberg Klapotetz (19 m, 25 tons)

Demmerkogel Klapotetz (16 m, 6 tons)

World's largest klopotec

A klopotec consists of different parts, each of which should (ideally) be made of a specific type of wood to produce a fine and melodic sound. The wood of hammers and of the board is especially important, as only the right combination enables that the device produces the ultrasound that scares the birds away. The parts are:

• stolček (block) - holds the
  ash
  ).
• kvaka (axle) - holes are drilled into it and hammers or macleki are attached onto it.
• macleki (
  beechwood
  , but some other types of wood can be used.
• deska (board) - macleki strike against it; made from chestnut or cherry.
• viličice (pl.;little forks) - hold macleki; made from oak or beech.
• verižica (chainlet) - the board is hanged on it.
• rep (tail) - enables the rattle to turn with the wind; made from the sprigs of the oak, pine or other tree, as by these species the leaves remain attached for the longest time. Also an old broom can be used as a tail.
• vetrnica (sail) - rotates in the wind and transfers the rotation onto the axle; made from poplar or fir wood. The sail from the Slovene Hills has four blades, while the one from Haloze has six blades and the one from the Austrian Styria has eight blades.
• zavora (brake) - part of especially large rattles; prevents them from stopping in a forceful wind.

The largest construction of this type in a natural setting stands in the Sausal mountain range, near the summit of the Demmerkogel. It is 16 meters high, and its moving parts mass 3.4 metric tons. Each of the eight hammers weighs 40 kilograms.

Tradition

The klopotec is most frequently heard in the transnational region from Southwest

Some of these bird-rattle devices are ornamented with small carved figurines. The traditional types which are made solely from wood are becoming more and more rare, as they are getting replaced by devices with metal elements.

Motif

• The Post of Slovenia issued a stamp worth 13 Slovenian tolars in 1997 featuring klopotec. The stamp was a part of the collection Slovenija - Evropa v malem ("Slovenia - Europe in Miniature").
• One of the meetings of Slovenian folk musicians that happens annually is called Veseli klopotec ("Happy Klopotec").
• The Slovenian Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers for the Protection of Copyright (SAZAS) yearly confers the Zlati klopotec ("Golden Klopotec") award to the author of the best popular song in a Slovene dialect for that year.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Klopotec.

• A web page of the Post of Slovenia - general information about the stamp and a description of the device in English.
• http://www.stampsoftheworld.co.uk/wiki/Austria_1990_Scenic_Beauties_in_Austria for a 1990 stamp of Austria