Knesset Eliyahoo

Coordinates: 18°55′41″N 72°49′57″E / 18.928114952632427°N 72.83257376854603°E / 18.928114952632427; 72.83257376854603
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Knesset Eliyahoo
בית הכנסת אליהו
Sephardic
Ecclesiastical or organizational statusActive
Location
LocationKala Ghoda, Mumbai
StateMaharashtra
CountryIndia
Geographic coordinates18°55′41″N 72°49′57″E / 18.928114952632427°N 72.83257376854603°E / 18.928114952632427; 72.83257376854603
Architecture
Architect(s)Gostling & Morris
Completed1884

The Knesset Eliyahoo, also Knesset Eliyahu, is an

Sephardic synagogue. It was established in 1884 by Jacob Elias Sassoon, son of Eliyahoo David Sassoon and grandson of David Sassoon;[1] the latter had immigrated from Baghdad
to India in 1832 due to persecution and had settled in Mumbai, then known as Bombay. It is maintained by the Jacob Sassoon Trust. The building's significance is attributed to its Jewish traditions as well as Indian and English colonial influences.

It was designed by the British architectural firm Gostling & Morris of Bombay.[2] The basement part of the edifice is built in stone masonry and the superstructure is built in brick masonry. The exterior facade of the synagogue is painted turquoise. The sanctuary within the interior of the building is in western direction, towards Jerusalem.

Location

Knesset Eliyahoo, an

Oberoi Trident are nearby.[3][4]

Background

Interiors of Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue

Prior to the arrival of

anti-Semitic feelings.[5][6]

The Jewish merchant community, which played a significant role in the commercial development of then Bombay (now Mumbai), consisted of Jews from Iraq, Syria, and other Middle Eastern countries who immigrated in the late 18th century under the threat of persecution. They found the environment conducive to continuing their trade and settled in the city, becoming prosperous in business ventures such as textile mills and international trading.[5][6] In 1784, the British government took over the East India Company. With this change, many business opportunities emerged in India, and Bombay in particular, encouraging immigrants to set up businesses. In 1790, one such business magnate was Shalom ben Ovadiah HaCohen, a Baghdadi Jew who had migrated from Aleppo (Halab), in Syria to Bombay; other Jewish businessmen from Baghdad, Basra, and Yemen followed him.[8]

History

Interior view
Bema of Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue
Torah
cases

In 1832, David Sassoon immigrated to Bombay and established himself as a magistrate of the cotton industry. He built the Magen David Synagogue in Byculla. Mumbai in 1864; this was in addition to the older Magen Hasidim synagogue. His son, Albert Sassoon, transformed the weaving industry in Bombay.[7][8] To cater to the increasing need of the Baghdadi Jews, Knesset Eliyahoo synagogue was constructed on a premium piece of land in the hub of Bombay's commercial area by Jacob Sassoon, grandson of David Sassoon, commemorating his father, Eliyahoo Sassoon. It was established in 1884.[6][9]

More Jews came from

Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. On many such occasions, in view of the large crowd of devotees, overflow prayer services were held in the neighbouring Cawasjee Jehangir Public Hall.[9]

In 1985, President

India Post issued a commemorative stamp in honour of the centennial.[10]

The first-ever terrorist attack on Jews in Mumbai occurred on 26 November 2008. Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg, who had conducted Sabbath services on the previous day and also held religious discourses at the Knesset Eliyahoo, was killed, along with his wife and a few other Jews at the Nariman House, a community center operated by Chabad. This sowed fear among the Jewish community members residing in Mumbai, and also forged a closer bond between the city's Baghdadi and Bene Israel Jews.[6]

Architecture and fittings

Designed by the British architectural firm Gostling & Morris of Bombay,[3] the building's base is of stone masonry while the superstructure is of brick masonry.[9] The external frontage of the synagogue is painted turquoise, and the synagogue is popularly known as the Blue Synagogue of Mumbai.[6] The synagogue was not originally blue. The synagogue was returned to its original colour of white, with bright indigo boarders during a restoration process in 2018 - 19 carried out by conservation architect Abha Narain Lambah.[1][11]

The inner space contains ornamented pillars, and the sanctuary faces west towards

sefarim (religious books) belonging to the Sassoon family. On the ground floor, there are meeting and school rooms, and a mikveh (immersion pool).[9] The staircase, windows, timber balconies, ceiling, walls, and roof are in need of restoration.[3]

Gallery

  • Exterior of Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue after restoration in 2019
    Exterior of Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue after restoration in 2019
  • Exterior of Knesset Eliyahoo
    Exterior of Knesset Eliyahoo

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Datta, Rangan (3 October 2020). "Inside the synagogues of Mumbai". Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  2. ^ "Mumbai's iconic 'blue' Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue open to public, after year-long restoration". Firstpost. 10 February 2019. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b c "Keneseth Eliyahoo Synagogue". World Monuments Fund. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  4. ^ "Keneseth Eliyahoo Synagogue, Mumbai, India". Sir Jacob Sassoon Synagogues and Allied Trusts. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d Birnbaum 2010, pp. 325–26.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Khan, Jeremy (2 December 2008). "Jews of Mumbai, a Tiny and Eclectic Group, Suddenly Reconsider Their Serene Existence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  7. ^ a b Brennan, Emily (16 September 2014). "Exploring the World's Jewish Communities". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  8. ^ a b Dana 2007, p. 88.
  9. ^ a b c d "Baghdadian Synagogues in Mumbai (Bombay) & Poona (Pune)". The Keneseth Eliyahoo Synagogue. Midrash Organization. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  10. ^ Dana 2007, p. 89.
  11. ^ "Little-known facts about Mumbai's newly restored Keneseth Eliyahoo synagogue - Elle India". Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.

Further reading