Knowledge commons

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The term "knowledge commons" refers to information, data, and content that is collectively owned and managed by a community of users, particularly over the Internet. What distinguishes a knowledge commons from a commons of shared physical resources is that digital resources are non-subtractible;[1] that is, multiple users can access the same digital resources with no effect on their quantity or quality.[2]

Conceptual background

The term 'commons' is derived from the medieval economic system

Open Design.[6][7] According to research by Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom,[2] the conceptual background of the knowledge commons encompasses two intellectual histories: first, a European tradition of battling the enclosure of the "intangible commons of the mind",[8] threatened by expanding intellectual property rights and privatization of knowledge.[9] Second, a tradition rooted in the United States, which sees the knowledge commons as a shared space allowing for free speech and democratic practices,[10] and which is in the tradition of the town commons movement and commons-based production of scholarly work, open science, open libraries, and collective action.[2]

The production of works in the knowledge commons is often driven by

intellectual property rights in exchange for recognition and esteem.[12]

Ferenc Gyuris argues, that it is important to distinguish "information" from "knowledge" in defining the term "knowledge commons".[13] He argues that "knowledge as a shared resource" requires that both information must become accessible and potential recipients must become able and willing to internalize it as 'knowledge'. "Therefore, knowledge cannot become a shared resource without a complex set of institutions and practices that give the opportunity to potential recipients to gain the necessary abilities and willingness".[14]

Copyleft

creative commons.[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ISSN 1875-0281
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-262-08357-7
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-19-093749-2
  4. S2CID 165880193
    .
  5. ^ Joshua M. Pearce, "Open Source Research in Sustainability", Sustainability: the Journal of Record, 5(4), pp. 238-243, 2012. DOI free and open access
  6. ISBN 978-0-262-25634-6
    , retrieved 2021-05-24
  7. OCLC 1024320754
    .
  8. ^ Boyle, James (2003). "The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain". Law and Contemporary Problems. 66 (1–2): 33–74. Archived from the original on 2010-11-23.
  9. S2CID 261727871
    .
  10. ISBN 978-0-520-29706-7
    , retrieved 2021-05-24
  11. doi:10.31988/scitrends.12858
    .
  12. ISBN 9781783470488
    .
  13. ISBN 978-94-017-9959-1
    , retrieved 2021-05-24
  14. hdl:10535/9597
    .
  15. ISSN 0167-9236
    .
  16. S2CID 235276455
    .
  17. doi:10.31228/osf.io/p327s
    . Retrieved 2021-05-24.

External links
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