Kolar Gold Fields

Coordinates: 12°57′43″N 78°16′16″E / 12.962°N 78.271°E / 12.962; 78.271
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Kolar Gold Fields
" Little England "
City
Vidhan Sabha constituency
K.G.F.
Avg. summer temperature32 °C (90 °F)
Avg. winter temperature12 °C (54 °F)
Websitehttp://www.robertsonpetcity.mrc.gov.in/
Kolar Gold Fields, 1913.
Exterior of a long, white colonial-style building
KGF Club
Grey plaque describing construction of the club house
Plaque at club entrance
KGF Taluk Map

Kolar Gold Fields (K.G.F.) is a mining region in K.G.F.

Bengaluru, capital of Karnataka. Over a century, the town has been known for gold mining. The mine closed on 28 February 2001 due to a fall in gold prices, despite gold still being present there. One of India's first power-generation units was built in 1889 to support mining operations. The mine complex hosted some particle physics experiments
between the 1960s and 1992.

History

The history of the Kolar Gold Fields was compiled by Fred Goodwill, superintendent of the Police, Maldives and Kolar Gold Fields. Goodwill's studies were published in the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society and elsewhere.[1][2][3]

Patrons of

Kannada people).[4]

Kolar came under

Hoysalas (under Vishnuvardhana) captured Talakadu and Kolar and drove the Cholas from the Kingdom of Mysore. Vira Someshwara
divided the empire between his two sons in 1254, and Kolar was given to Ramanatha.

The Western Gangas made Kolar their capital and ruled

Nannool
about Tamil grammar at the Ulagamadhi cave.

Under Chola rule, King

Rajendra Chola I appear on the Kolaramma temple. Many Siva temples were built in Kolar under the Cholas, such as the Someshwarar and Sri Uddhandeshwari Temples in the village of Marikuppam, the Eswaran Temple in Oorugaumpet, and the Sivan Temple in the village of Madivala. Chola rule of Kolar lasted until 1116. Chola inscriptions have been neglected and vandalised. According to B. Lewis Rice
, names and events have been confused.

province of Sira; Fath Muhammad, the father of Hyder Ali, was faujdar of the province. Kolar was then ruled by the Marathas, the Nawab of Cuddapah, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and Hyder Ali. Ruled by the British from 1768 to 1770, it passed again to the Marathas and then to Hyder Ali. In 1791, Lord Cornwallis conquered Kolar in 1791, returning it again to Mysore in the Treaty of Seringapatam
the following year.

Inscriptions in the region indicate the reign of Mahavalis (Baanaas),

Kannada;[7] 422 are in Tamil, and 211 in Telugu
.

John Taylor III acquired a number of mines in K.G.F. in 1880, and his firm (John Taylor & Sons) operated them until 1956; the Mysore Gold Mining Company was a subsidiary. In 1902, the mines were electrified with a 140-kilometre (87 mi) cable run by General Electric from the hydroelectric power plant at Shivanasamudra Falls.[8] The government of Mysore took over the mines in 1956.

Origin of the city

With the growth of the gold mines requiring more labour, people from the

Annamaya and Sri Sathya Sai districts of Andhra Pradesh settled nearby;[9]
the settlements began to form the outskirts of K.G.F. The well-to-do families of British and Indian engineers, geologists, and mine supervisors lived in the centre of town. Robertsonpet and Andersonpet townships are named after two British mine officials.

The establishment of

BEML Limited
expanded the city, providing employment and attracting new residents.

National geological monument

The pyroclastic and pillow lava at Kolar Gold Fields have been declared a National Geological Monument by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) for their protection, maintenance, and encouragement of geotourism.[10][11][12]

Demographics

The official language is

Arcot Mudaliar populations are descendants of mine supervisors.[14]

Mine closures

The Kolar gold mines were nationalized in 1956, and provided a total of over 900 tonnes of gold. They were closed by the Indian government on 28 February 2001 for environmental and economic reasons; food, water and shelter were scarce, and production did not justify the investment.[15][16]

Education

Exterior of a stone church
St. Michael's and All Angels' Church

In 1901, an English-language primary school was founded by John Taylor and Sons at the Nandydoorg Mine to educate the children of British and European employees. It became known as the

Kolar Gold Fields Boys School, and was upgraded to a middle and high school; students took the Senior Cambridge
examinations. The school was co-educational at the primary level.

On 15 January 1904, the Sisters of St. Joseph of Tarbes founded an English-language school for Europeans and Anglo-Indians for 22 girls. St. Mary's Boys School was also founded. The boys' school later moved to Andersonpet.

In 1933, the Order of the St. Joseph of Tarbes founded St. Theresa's School in Robertsonpet; St. Sebastian's School was founded in Coromandel a decade later. Both schools offered English lessons.[14] To educate the growing Marwari population, the Sumathi Jain High School was founded in Robertsonpet.[17] K.G.F. has several schools and colleges, including the St Charles School,[18] the Government First Grade College, KGF College of Dental Science and Hospital,Sambhram Institute of Hotel Management, the Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, and the Sri Kengal Hanumanthaiya Law College, Don Bosco Technical Institute.

Climate

Climate data for Kolar Gold Fields (1981–2010, extremes 1972–2002)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9)
33.4
(92.1)
38.3
(100.9)
39.7
(103.5)
38.2
(100.8)
38.5
(101.3)
34.5
(94.1)
33.4
(92.1)
33.7
(92.7)
32.5
(90.5)
31.1
(88.0)
29.9
(85.8)
39.7
(103.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26.4
(79.5)
29.6
(85.3)
32.5
(90.5)
34.1
(93.4)
34.0
(93.2)
30.8
(87.4)
29.6
(85.3)
29.0
(84.2)
29.3
(84.7)
27.8
(82.0)
26.3
(79.3)
25.1
(77.2)
29.5
(85.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)
16.4
(61.5)
18.7
(65.7)
21.3
(70.3)
21.7
(71.1)
20.6
(69.1)
20.1
(68.2)
19.8
(67.6)
19.7
(67.5)
19.2
(66.6)
17.5
(63.5)
15.8
(60.4)
18.8
(65.8)
Record low °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0)
10.5
(50.9)
12.4
(54.3)
15.7
(60.3)
17.5
(63.5)
15.4
(59.7)
17.3
(63.1)
17.1
(62.8)
16.2
(61.2)
13.6
(56.5)
12.0
(53.6)
9.4
(48.9)
9.4
(48.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 3.5
(0.14)
3.7
(0.15)
19.4
(0.76)
34.6
(1.36)
98.4
(3.87)
77.9
(3.07)
81.7
(3.22)
104.6
(4.12)
212.4
(8.36)
138.9
(5.47)
76.7
(3.02)
27.2
(1.07)
879.1
(34.61)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.4 1.2 2.4 5.5 3.9 4.9 6.3 8.0 7.4 5.1 2.2 47.6
Average
relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST
)
49 37 32 38 48 56 58 61 63 68 67 63 54
Source: India Meteorological Department[19][20]

In popular culture

The plot of Kannada-language film series,

K.G.F: Chapter 2
, revolves around the Kolar Gold Fields.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society". Journal of the Mythic Society. 9–10: iv, 5, 8, 300. 1918.
  2. ^ a b Goodwill, Fred (1918). "Nandidroog". The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society. 9–10: 300. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  3. ^ a b Goodwill, Fred (1921). "The Religious and Military Story of Nudydurga". KGF Mining and Metallurgical Society (5).
  4. ^ "Day Before KGF's Release, Bengaluru Court Orders Stay; Producer Says Movie will be Released". News18. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  5. ^ . Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  6. . Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  7. ^ Rice, Benjamin Lewis (1994). Epigraphia Carnatica: Volume X: Inscriptions in the Kolar District. Mangalore, British India: Department of Archaeology, Mysore State. p. i. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  8. ^ Iyer, Meera (21 June 2015). "Miscellany - A time capsule". No. Bangalore. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  9. ^ "'KGF' team recreated gold mines from 70's at Real Kolar Gold Field - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  10. ^ "National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website". Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  11. ^ "Geo-Heritage Sites". pib.nic.in. Press Information Bureau. 9 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  12. ^ national geo-heritage of India Archived 11 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine, INTACH
  13. ^ "Data on Language and Mother Tongue". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  14. ^ . Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  15. ^ White-Kumar, Bridget (21 November 2014). "Kolar Gold Fields - Nostalgia: Some Important Dates in the History of Kolar Gold Fields". Kolar Gold Fields - Nostalgia. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  16. ^ "Old KGF mines can never be reopened". The Times of India. 13 February 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  17. ^ White, Bridget (15 November 2010). "Tale of two thriving townships". No. Bangalore. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  18. ^ "St Charles School". St Charles School. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Station: Kolar Gold Field Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 421–422. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  20. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M98. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

External links

Media related to Kolar Gold Fields at Wikimedia Commons