Konjic
Konjic
Коњиц | |
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Grad Konjic Град Коњиц City of Konjic | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Area code | +387 36 |
Website | www |
Konjic (
The city is one of the oldest permanent settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, dating back almost 4,000 years; it arose in its current incarnation in the late 14th century.
History
The area near the Konjic is believed to have been settled up to 4,000 years ago, and settlements around 2,000 years ago by
The town, part of the
After
The town grew significantly and prospered as a vibrant,
During the Bosnian War
During conflict in Yugoslavia, Konjic municipality was of strategic importance as it contained important communication links from Sarajevo to southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Several important military facilities were contained in Konjic, including the Igman arms and ammunition factory, the JNA Ljuta barracks, the Reserve Command Site of the JNA, the Zlatar communications and telecommunications centre, and the Celebici barracks and warehouses.[5]
Although the Konjic municipality did not have a majority
Following the international recognition of the independent Bosnia and Herzegovina and the walk-out of SDS representatives from the Municipal Assembly a War Assembly was formed to take charge of the defence of the municipality. Between 20 April and early May 1992 Bosnian government forces seized control over most of the strategic assets of the Municipality and some armaments. However, Serb forces controlled the main access points to the municipality, effectively cutting it off from outside supply.[5] Bosniaks and Croats began to arrive in the city of Konjic from surrounding villages, while Serb inhabitants moved to Serb-controlled villages.[6]
On 4 May 1992, the first shells landed in Konjic town, fired by the JNA and other Serb forces from the slopes of Borasnica and Kisera.
Charitable organisations attempted to supply the local people with enough
The first area to be targeted was the village of Donje Selo. On 20 May 1992 forces of the TO and HVO entered the village. Bosnian government soldiers moved through Viniste towards the villages of Cerići and Bjelovčina. Cerići, which was the first shelled, was attacked around 22 May and some of its inhabitants surrendered. The village of Bjelovčina was also attacked around that time. According to witnesses heard by the ICTY, the Serb-populated village of Bradina was shelled in the late afternoon and evening of 25 May and then soldiers in both camouflage and black uniforms appeared, firing their weapons and setting fire to buildings. Many of the population sought to flee and some withdrew to the centre of the village. These people were, nonetheless, arrested at various times around 27 and 28 May, by TO, HVO and MUP soldiers and police.[5] The village of Bradina was burned to the ground and at least 43 or 48 Serb civilians were killed.[7][8]
These military operations resulted in the arrest of many members of the Serb population and it was thus necessary to create a facility where they could be imprisoned and questioned about their role in the siege of Konjic. The former JNA Čelebići compound was chosen out of necessity as the appropriate facilities for the detention of prisoners in Konjic. The majority of the prisoners who were detained between April and December 1992 were men, captured during and after the military operations at Bradina and Donje Selo and their surrounding areas. At the end of May, several groups were transferred to the
In its judgement in the Delalić case the ICTY sentenced camp deputy commander Hazim Delić, guard Esad Landžo, and commander Zdravko Mucić 20 years, 15 years and 7 years respectively for their roles in the crimes committed at the camp while Zejnil Delalić was acquitted.[5] In 2017, Bosnian prosecutors charged former members of the Bosnian Army with crimes against humanity against Serbs, with the aim of expelling them from Konjic and surrounding villages in May 1992.[11][12]
Cultural heritage
Stara Ćuprija bridge
The Stara Ćuprija bridge was built between 1682 and 1683 by Ali-aga Hasečić (as shown by a stone plaque at the centre of the bridge). It was built over six slightly pointed stone arches. It is one of the best preserved Ottoman bridges in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The arches were destroyed by the retreating German army in March 1945. The bridge was rebuilt in its original state between 2003 and 2009. The bridge is now proclaimed a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
D-0 ARK Underground Biennal of Contemporary Art
Konjic hosts a Biennial of Contemporary Art since 2011, called "D-0 ARK Underground" which is located in
Natural heritage
Neretva river
The danube/sava is the largest
The municipality of Konjic includes at least half of the area of the Upper Neretva (Bosnian: Gornja Neretva), which is the upper course of the Neretva river. Geographically and hydrologically the Neretva is divided into three sections.[16]
The upper course of the Neretva river is simply called the Upper Neretva (Bosnian: Gornja Neretva), and includes a vast area around the Neretva, numerous streams and well-springs, three major glacial lakes near the river (and even more lakes, outside the municipality of Konjic, scattered across the mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora in the wider area of the Upper Neretva), one artificial lake (Jablaničko), mountains and forests, and native flora and fauna. All this natural heritage together with the cultural heritage of the Upper Neretva, represent rich and valuable resources of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Europe.
The Upper Neretva has water of Class I purity[17] and is almost certainly the coldest river water in the world, often as low as 7–8 °C (45–46 °F) in the summer months.[citation needed]
Rakitnica river
The Rakitnica river is the main tributary of the Upper Neretva. The Rakitnica forms a 26 km (16 mi)-long canyon (of its 32 km (20 mi) length), that stretches between Bjelašnica and Visočica to the southeast of Sarajevo.[18] There is a hiking trail along the ridge of the canyon, at a level of 800 m (2,600 ft) above the river, all the way to the village of
At almost 1,500 m (4,900 ft), the village of Lukomir, with its unique stone homes with cherry-wood roof tiles, is the highest and most isolated mountain village in the country. Indeed, access to the village is impossible from the first snows in December until late April and sometimes even later, except by skis or on foot. A newly constructed lodge is now complete to receive guests and hikers.
Boračko lake
Prenj mountain
Jablaničko lake
The lake was created in 1953 after construction of a high gravitational hydroelectric dam near Jablanica in central Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The lake has an irregular elongated shape. Its width varies along its length. The lake is a popular vacation destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Swimming, boating and especially fishing are popular activities on the lake. There are 13 types of fish in the lake's ecosystem. Many weekend cottages have been built along the shores of the lake.
Endemic and endangered species
Trout
The river Neretva and its tributaries represent the main drainage system in the east
All three endemic trout species of Neretva are endangered mostly due to destruction of the habitat and hybridisation with introduced trouts and illegal fishing as well as poor management of water and fisheries (dams, overfishing, mismanagement).[22][23]
Ecology and protection
Protected area
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011) |
Dam problems
The benefits brought by dams have often come at a great environmental and social cost, however.[24][25]
The Neretva and two main tributaries are already harnessed, by four HE power-plants with large dams on Neretva, one HE power-plants with major dam on the Neretva tributary Rama, and two HE power-plants with one major dam on the Trebišnjica river, which is considered as part of the Neretva watershed.[citation needed]
The government of the
Settlements
{{flatlist|
- Argud
- Bale
- Bare
- Barmiš
- Bijela
- Bjelovčina
- Blace
- Blučići
- Borci
- Boždarevići
- Bradina
- Brđani
- Budišnja Ravan
- Bukovica
- Bukovlje
- Bulatovići
- Bušćak
- Buturović Polje
- Cerići
- Crni Vrh
- Čelebići
- Čelina
- Česim
- Čičevo
- Čuhovići
- Dobričevići
- Dolovi
- Doljani
- Donja Vratna Gora
- Donje Selo
- Donje Višnjevice
- Donji Čažanj
- Donji Gradac
- Donji Nevizdraci
- Donji Prijeslop
- Došćica
- Dubočani
- Dubravice
- Dudle
- Dužani
- Džajići
- Džanići
- Džepi
- Falanovo Brdo
- Gakići
- Galjevo
- Glavatičevo
- Gobelovina
- Gorani
- Goransko Polje
- Gorica
- Gornja Vratna Gora
- Gornje Višnjevice
- Gornji Čažanj
- Gornji Gradac
- Gornji Nevizdraci
- Gostovići
- Grabovci
- Gradeljina
- Grušča
- Hasanovići
- Herići
- Homatlije
- Homolje
- Hondići
- Idbar
- Jasenik
- Javorik
- Jezero
- Ježeprosina
- Jošanica
- Kale
- Kanjina
- Kašići
- Konjic
- Kostajnica
- Koto
- Krajkovići
- Kralupi
- Krtići
- Krupac
- Krušćica
- Kula
- Lađanica
- Lisičići
- Lokva
- Luka
- Lukomir
- Lukšije
- Ljesovina
- Ljubuča
- Ljuta
- Mladeškovići
- Mokro
- Mrkosovice
- Obrenovac
- Obri
- Odžaci
- Orahovica
- Orlište
- Oteležani
- Ovčari
- Pačerani
- Parsovići
- Plavuzi
- Podhum
- Podorašac
- Pokojište
- Polje Bijela
- Požetva
- Prevlje
- Radešine
- Raotići
- Rasvar
- Razići
- Redžići
- Repovci
- Repovica
- Ribari
- Ribići
- Seljani
- Seonica
- Sitnik
- Slavkovići
- Solakova Kula
- Sopot
- Spiljani
- Stojkovići
- Strgonice
- Studenčica
- Sultići
- Svijenča
- Šunji
- Tinje
- Tovarnica
- Treboje
- Trešnjevica
- Trusina
- Tuhobići
- Turija
- Ugošće
- Veluša
- Vinište
- Vrbljani
- Vrci
- Vrdolje
- Zabrđani
- Zabrđe
- Zagorice
- Zaslivlje
- Zukići
Demographics
1971
40,879 total
- Muslims - 21,599 (52.83%)
- Croats - 12,034 (29.43%)
- Serbs - 6,669 (16.31%)
- Yugoslavs - 202 (0.49%)
- Others - 375 (0.94%)
1991
According to the 1991 census, the municipality of Konjic had 43,878 residents: 23,815 ethnic Muslims (54.3%), 11,513 Croats (26.2%), 6,620 Serbs (15.1%), and 1,930 others (4.4%).[6][34]
2013 Census
Municipality | Nationality | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bosniaks | % | Croats | % | Serbs | % | ||
Konjic | 22,486 | 89.41 | 1,553 | 6.17 | 355 | 1.41 | 25,148 |
Sports
Local football club FK Igman Konjic play in Bosnia and Herzegovina's second tier-First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Notable people
- Pavao Anđelić, Bosnian lawyer, archaeologist and historian.
- Tijana Arnautović, Bosnian-Canadian model
- Arijana Boras, alpine skier and three-time Olympian
- Mensur Cakić, gold medal winner at the 2006 European Karate Championships, head coach of Kuwait national karate team[36]
- Aldin Čajić, footballer
- Hazim Delić, Bosniak deputy commander and convicted war criminal
- Lazar Drljača, bohemian painter
- Zulfikar Džumhur, bohemian writer, painter and caricaturist
- Anel Hebibović, footballer
- Dragan Jakovljević, footballer
- Davor Jozić, footballer
- Žarko Karišik Durmitara, scientist and writer[37]
- Senadin Lavić, scientist, president of BZK (Bošnjačka zajednica kulture) Preporod[38]
- Ante Marković, last prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Nermin Nikšić, Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Axis Powers allied Independent State of Croatia
- Smail Prevljak, footballer
- Kasim Prohić, philosopher[39]
- Justin Tipuric, Rugby union player has family roots in the town [40]
Twin towns – sister cities
Konjic is twinned with:
See also
References
- ^ "Popis 2013 u BiH". Retrieved November 24, 2021.
- ^ "Konjic". www.bih-x.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-19.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Konjic". Archived from the original on 2008-06-02. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ "Exploring Tito's Cold War bunker". gulfnews.com. July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Prosecutor v. Delalic, Mucic, Delic and Landzo (Celebici case), Case no. IT-96-21, Judgement of 16 November 1998" (PDF). ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 16 November 1998.
- ^ a b c "Crimes against Serbs in the Čelebići Camp" (PDF). ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
- ^ Grebo, Lamija (5 June 2018). "Bosnia Charges Ex-Fighter with Crimes Against Konjic Serbs". Balkan Insight. BIRN.
- ^ "18 years since murder of Serbs in Bosnian village". B92. 25 May 2010.
- ^ Rowland, Robin (6 May 2004). "The privatization of war crimes". CBC.ca. CBC News.
- ^ Hedges, Chris (3 May 1996). "Balkan War Crimes: Bosnia Is First to Turn In Its Own". The New York Times.
- ^ Grebo, Lamija (4 December 2017). "Bosnia Arrests 13 Suspected of Crimes in Konjic". BalkanInsight.
- ^ Muslimovic, Admir (8 May 2019). "Bosnia Tries Ex-Fighters for Crimes Against Humanity in Konjic". BalkanInsight.
- ^ "Project Biennial - Official Site". Project Biennial - Official Site.
- ^ "Contemporary Arts Biennale kicks off in Kojic". Balkan Insight. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
- ^ "Neretva River Sub-basin". INWEB Internationally Shared Surface Water Bodies in the Balkan Region (inweb.gr). Archived from the original on 2009-02-26. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Hydrological characteristics of Bosnia and Herzegovina – Adriatic watershed". Hydro-meteorological institute of Federation of B&H (fhmzbih.gov.ba). Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ "Water Quality Protection Project – Environmental Assessment". World Bank (www-wds.worldbank.org). Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- ^ "BH Tourism - Rakitnica Canyon". www.bhtourism.ba. Archived from the original on 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ "Salmo obtusirostris". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ "Salmo dentex". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ "Salmo marmoratus". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). "Salmo dentex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Hydroelectric power's dirty secret revealed". New Scientist - Environment. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- ^ "Our view of the Hydroelectrical Power Station System "Upper Neretva"" (PDF). ZELENI-NERETVA Konjic NGO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ "Methodology and Technical Notes". Watersheds of the World. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
A large dam is defined by the industry as one higher than 15 meters high and a major dam as higher than 150.5 meters.
- ^ "ZELENI-NERETVA Konjic NGO For Preservation Of The Neretva River And Environment Protection". Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ "Water power: the upper Neretva River, Bosnia-Herzegovina". WWF - World Wide Fund. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ "Fondacija Heinrich Böll". Archived from the original on 12 January 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
- ^ "REC – The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe". Retrieved 24 March 2009.
- ^ "Living Neretva". WWF - World Wide Fund. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
- ^ "Declaration For The Protection Of The Neretva River". ZELENI-NERETVA Konjic NGO. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams, by Patrick McCully, Zed Books, London, 1996
- ^ Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.
- ^ Link text, additional text.
- ^ "Mensur Cakić novi selektor Karate reprezentacije Kuvajta". 8 January 2021.
- ^ "Dr Žarko Karišik Durmitara". www.durmitara.com.
- ^ ""Preporod" – temeljna i najstarija kulturna ustanova Bošnjaka – Preporod". 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Prohić, Kasim | Hrvatska enciklopedija".
- ^ Woolford, Anthony (February 8, 2017). "How wresting matches with a prisoner of war made Justin Tipuric". walesonline.
- ^ "Başkanımız Bosna'da açılışa katıldı". altinova.bel.tr (in Turkish). Altınova. 2015-06-22. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ^ "Kardeş Şehirler". karacabey.bel.tr (in Turkish). Karacabey. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ^ "Međunarodna Saradnja". opstinativat.me (in Montenegrin). Tivat. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ^ "Pobratimili se Konjic i Anamur". avaz.ba (in Bosnian). Avaz. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
External links
- Municipal Website of Konjic (in Bosnian)
- Website of Konjic (in Bosnian and English)
- First Legión hero in Bosnia