Korosten
Korosten
Коростень | |
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UP27 | |
Vehicle registration plate | AМ |
Website | Official website |
Korosten (
) . As of January 2022 Korosten's population was approximately 61,496.[3]Name
There are different theories about the origin of the name of the city.
The name may be derived from the word korost, 'brushwood, bushes, shrubbery'; the form Iskorosten sometimes found in early sources is probably based on the common repetition of prepositions in Old East Slavic: iz grada iz... 'from the city from...'.[4]
Another theory holds that the city was built entirely of wood, and its walls were surrounded by an oak fence, unhewn, with bark, leading to the name Is-koro-sten, i.e. the city "from bark on the wall" in Ukrainian.[citation needed]
Alternatively, the city might have been named after the
History
Early history
Kievan Rus' 879-1097
Principality of Kiev 1097–1240
Golden Horde 1240–1363
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1363–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1649
Cossack Hetmanate 1649-1667
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1667-1795
Russian Empire 1795–1917
Russian Republic 1917
Various Ukrainian states 1917–1920
Soviet Ukraine1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1991 (Occupied by Nazi Germany between 1941-1943)
Ukraine 1991–present
The city was founded over a millennium ago and was the capital of the
The Rus
In 945,
Igor's widow,
Olga then instructed her army to attach a piece of sulphur bound with small pieces of cloth to each bird. At nightfall, Olga told her soldiers to set the pieces aflame and release the birds. They returned to their nests within the city, which subsequently set the city ablaze. As the Primary Chronicle tells it: “There was not a house that was not consumed, and it was impossible to extinguish the flames because all the houses caught fire at once.”[7] As the people fled the burning city, Olga ordered her soldiers to catch them, killing some of them and giving the others as slaves to her followers. She left the remnant to pay tribute. As a result of this Olga changed the system of tribute gathering (poliudie) in what may be regarded as the first legal reform recorded in Eastern Europe.
In 968 the nomadic Pechenegs attacked outlying regions of the Rus and then besieged the city.[8]
The Middle Ages
After the partition of Rus in 1097, Iskorosten remained under the jurisdiction of the Kyivan princes. In December 1240, the
Early Modern Period
In 1586, a powerful Polish magnate, Prokop Mrzewicki, married one of Terekh's heiresses and became the owner of Iskorosten. He managed to persuade the Polish king to grant this small walled settlement the status of a city. On 22 May 1589, King Sigismund III granted the city of Iskorosten its first charter.
In 1649, during the
Russian Imperial Period
After the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795,[13] Iskorosten passed into the Russian Empire as the centre of the Iskorosten parish of the Ovruch district of the Volyn province. For a long time, it was a quiet, inconspicuous provincial town. The construction of the 417-km Kyiv-Kovel railway in 1902 allowed the town to grow, becoming a major railway junction. In 1909 a porcelain factory opened, further industrialising the town. In 1917 the town was renamed Korosten.[citation needed]
Civil War
On 10 June 1917, the
In November 1917, Soviet authority was established in the city, but later Korosten was occupied by the advancing Austro-German troops
The
The Red Army took it in February 1918, followed by the Army of the
On 7 November 1921, during the November raid, Korosten, occupied by units of the
Interwar period
In 1926, Korosten received city status.[1] In October 1926, with the permission of the authorities and under the supervision of the OGPU, a conference of the rabbis of the Volyn province was held in Korosten, which actually had an all-Ukrainian, and partly all-Union character; which adopted a decree on counteracting atheistic propaganda.[16][circular reference]
The city suffered from the man-made famine Holodomor of 1932-1933. In 2008, the National Museum of the Holodomor Genocide published the National Book of Memory of the Victims of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. Zhytomyr region.[17] The book has 1116 pages and consists of three sections. According to historical records, more than 2288 people died during Holodomor in 1932-1933.
In 1936, the city had a population 28,000, a porcelain factory, a metalworking factory "Oktyabrskaya Kuznitsa", car repair shops and a municipal power plant with a capacity of 20 kW operated here.[18]
World War II
During the initial
“The railway junction... was defended by Soviet forces with bitter determination, and it fell... only after hard fighting“[19]
Soviet forces initially held out on the vital railhead to
The Holocaust
In 1939, the Jewish population of Korosten was 10,991 (36% of its total population).[25] On 10 August 1941 (3 days after Wehrmacht fourses entered the city),[26] 53 Jews were rounded up and shot in the city. The German military administration formed a city government with auxiliary Ukrainian police.[27] The latter was formed out of the local citizens and took an active part in all “Jewish actions”. On 20 August, another 160 Jewish civilians were shot. On 27 August, 238 Jews were executed, and on 10 September 1941, about a thousand Jewish men, women and children were killed.[28] In late October 1941, the power passed to the German Civil administration. Korosten became an administrative centre of the gebiet, a part of the larger Zhitomir general district, Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Soon after the occupation of Korosten “a Jewish residential area” (an open ghetto) was formed. In total, over 6,000 Korosten Jews were killed between 1941-1942.[29] Other killings in central Ukraine soon followed.[30]
Post 1945
After the war, a massive rebuilding programme was undertaken. In 1971, a 600-seat club was built for the citizens.[31]
On 26 April 1986, the nearby
Independence
In 2006, Korosten became one of the six cities in Ukraine that received a quality certificate according to international standards ISO 9001: 2000. Viktor Vasylchuk, a well-known Ukrainian writer, Honored Journalist of Ukraine, and editor-in-chief of the Vecherniy Korosten newspaper was born, lives, and works in Korosten.
In 2014, the Lenin statue, which stood on Main Street (and just off to the right of the city’s government building) which had survived the end of the USSR was toppled. It was one of 552 monuments demolished during the 2013-2014 period.[32] Today the plinth remains, but with no statue atop of it.
On 28 February, as
Symbols of the city
The flag of the city of Korosten is a panel with two horizontal stripes of the same width. The upper stripe is blue, the lower stripe is red. The stripes are separated by a symbolic image of the Uzh River - a stripe 0.16 times the width of the flag. The stripe repeats the color scale of the symbolic image of the Uzh River on the city's coat of arms: the middle of the river is blue (0.1 width of the flag), the banks are golden (0.03 width of the flag). The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2 to 3. The blue colour of the field of the flag's cloth symbolizes the greatness and beauty of the ancient city. The red color of the flag field symbolizes the bravery and courage of the Drevlian defenders of the city in 946 when
The new coat of arms of the city of Korosten was developed, taking into account the composition of the previous coat of arms. The old coat of arms of the city was a blue French shield, in the heart of which there is a red shield, the main field of which is reserved for the depiction of a dark red fortress wall. Against the background of the fortress wall, a green stem of flax is depicted, which symbolizes the nature of Polissya; a four-petal red flower symbolizes ancient settlements that were located on both sides of the Uzh River and protected each other. A flax flower wraps around the river Uzh, blue in color with golden banks. On the head of the shield, there is the name of the city KOROSTEN, separated from the middle shield by a golden stripe. The shield and visor are framed with gold edging. The new coat of arms repeats the main composition of the old coat of arms, only a blue flax flower and a blue field above the fortress wall. The shield is framed by a cartouche, adopted in the modern heraldry of Ukrainian cities. The cartouche is crowned with an urban modernized golden three-tower crown. The modernized heraldic crown has wooden walls instead of stone walls, which were used during the Drevliansky principality. In the blue field of the heraldic shield above the fortress wall, the name of the city is written in Cyrillic letters, "KOROSTEN". The motto "DOES NOT BURN IN A FLAME" is written at the foot of the shield.
The coat of arms of the city is strictly historical for Radomyshl (the history of the burning of the city of Korosten by Princess Olga is shown in the coat of arms of another city).
Economy
Korosten Industrial Park (KIP) is an industrial zone within the city with a total area of 246 hectares (0.94 sq mi). Conceptual design of the park was developed by Czech design bureau DHV. The project envisages the creation of the territory of the KIP high-tech enterprises, enterprises of light and medium industrial production – the assembly, integration, surface processing, light engineering and electrical industries.
The project is designed for 10 years and is divided into three phases:
- Conduct communications: roads, railway, electricity, water supply, sanitation; construction and commissioning of the plant manufacturing medium-density fibreboard (MDF) boards;
- Construction and commissioning of small and medium industrial enterprises (perspective)
- Construction and development of logistic center (perspective)
By October 2010 all communications are already conducted. Construction of a plant manufacturing MDF boards is almost complete. This plant will become the first manufacturer of MDF boards in Ukraine.
Transport
Rail
- Korosten - Malyn - Kyiv;
- Korosten - Zviahel - Shepetivka;
- Korosten - Zhytomyr - Berdychiv - Kozyatyn;
- Korosten - Luhyny - Bilokorovychi - Olevsk;
- Korosten - Ovruch - Berezhest - Speakers;
- Korosten - Ovruch - Velidnyky - Vozlyakove;
Road
M 21 E583 trunk road crossing Ukraine from east to west runs North of the city.
Some other roads:
People
According to the 2001 census, the ethnic composition of Korosten is as follows: 89% — Ukrainian, 7,5% — Russian, 1,5% — Pole, 0,6% — Belarusian, 0,5% — Jews.[37]
Population
1939 | 1959 | 1979 | 1989 | 2001 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30,806 | 38,041 | 65,333 | 72,367[38] | 66,669 | 63,525[39] |
Population distribution by native language (2001)
Ukrainian | Russian |
---|---|
86.69 % | 12.73 % |
Potato pancakes festival
Annually on the third Saturday of September in the city park International
deruny’) festival is held.During the festival, competitions in “
- "Potato pancakes powerlifting" - squat with two heavy jugs full of pancakes
- Throwing potato pancakes in a bowl with sour creamwith 5 meters (16.4 ft)
- Throwing potato pancakesto the competitor with 5 meters (16.4 ft)
At the festival is a potato pancakes school – experienced cooks will teach everyone to cook these pancakes.
However, the main intrigue of the festival is the competition for the tastiest pancake. The jury determines the winner. For a few
Various competitions, exhibitions, tasting traditional Polesian beverages, exhibits, performances by folk music ensembles are usually conducted.
On September 25, 2010, the festival was held for the third time.
Twin towns – sister cities
- Anenii Noi, Moldova (2006)
- Kraśnik, Poland (2007)
- Sloviansk, Ukraine (2014)
- Svitlovodsk, Ukraine (2005)
- Volodymyr, Ukraine
- Bourges, France (2022)
Gallery
-
Children's clinic in Korosten
-
Public library
-
Vocational school in Korosten
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River Uzh in the city park
-
Bath of Princess Olga
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Residential building in Korosten
-
Historical building
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A hill over Uzh River in Korosten
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Korosten military museum
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Saint Olga Orthodox church in Korosten
References
- ^ a b Korosten // Big Encyclopedic Dictionary (in 2 vols.). / editorial board, ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. volume 1. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1991. p. 633
- ^ http://korosten.osp-ua.info/
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b E.M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow: Russkie slovari, 1998), p. 216. The earliest references to the town, from the mid-tenth century, are на Коростень град [na Korosten' grad] 'to Korosten city,' Из града ис Коростеня [iz grada is Korostenya] 'from the city [from] Korosten,' and на Изкоростень град [na Izkorosten' grad] 'to Izkorosten city.'
- ^ Tarasenko, Leonid (27 February 2008). "Korosten (Iskorosten): A small town with a great history". geocities.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ISBN 978-0-253-00104-7.
- ^ a b c Primary Chronicle 80-1 (line 6454).
- ^ Lowe, Steven; Ryaboy, Dmitriy V. "The Pechenegs". Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- ^ Henry Smith Williams The Historians' History of the World, p.654
- ISBN 9789004226661.
- ISBN 9986-810-13-2.
- ISBN 9986-34-080-2, archived from the originalon 2007-09-27
- ^ "The History Of Poland". www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2018-09-12. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
- ^ Korosten // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. Volume 5. Kyiv, "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia", 1981. p. 321
- ISBN 978-0-19-505113-1. [page needed]
- ^ "Коростень", Википедия (in Russian), 2023-05-02, retrieved 2023-07-07
- ^ "National Book of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. Zhytomyr region. — Zhytomyr: «Polissia», 2008. — 1116 pp". 3 October 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ Korosten // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / editorial board, ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt. 1st ed. T-34. M., OGIZ, "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1937. Article 346
- ^ a b Anderson, Truman (1997). "Die 62. Infanterie-Division: Repressalien im Heeresgebiet Süd, Oktober bis Dezember 1941". In Naumann, Klaus (ed.). Vernichtungskrieg: Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941-1944 (in German). Zweitausendeins. pp. 297–322.
- ^ a b Wehrmacht Combat Reports: The Russian Front By Bob Carruthers 2012
- ^ The Eastern Front 1943-1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts By Karl-Heinz Frieser, Klaus Schmider pp 333
- ^ Symposium Presentations (September 2005). "The Holocaust and [German] Colonialism in Ukraine: A Case Study" (PDF). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. The Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 15, 18–19, 20 in current document of 1/154. Archived from the original (PDF file, direct download 1.63 MB) on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ The Fallacy of Race and the Shoah By Naomi Kramer, Ronald Headland pp211
- ISBN 0838634184. Accessed February 23, 2023
- ^ "Korosten".
- ^ "Korosten".
- ^ "The Holocaust in Ukraine — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum".
- ^ "Korosten".
- ^ "Korosten".
- ISBN 3447052597. Retrieved 17 July 2015.)
RSHA von einer begrüßenswerten Aktivitat der ukrainischen Bevolkerung in den ersten Stunden nach dem Abzug der Sowjettruppen.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help - ^ Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972 (issue 16). M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1972. p.186
- ^ Свобода, Радіо (January 2015). Від ленінізму до ленінопаду. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 17 May 2017.
- ^ korosten-rada.gov.ua/narada-shhodo-roboty-elektrosyren. Meeting on the operation of electric sirens (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 5 March 2022.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Ukrainian boy's first train journey is escape from war" (in Ukrainian). 5 March 2022. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
- ^ "Mobility and transport" (PDF). 26 October 2023.
- ^ "Mobility and transport" (PDF). 26 October 2023.
- ^ Банк даних Державної служби статистики України Archived 2014-07-31 at the Wayback Machine (in Ukrainian)
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
- ^ "5. Чисельність наявного населення в розрізі регіонів, районів, міст, селищ міського типу (за оцінкою)". Chyselnist' nayavnoho naselennya Ukrayiny na 1 sichnya 2018 roku Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2018 року [The number of available population of Ukraine as of January 1, 2018] (PDF). State Statistics Service of Ukraine (Report) (in Ukrainian). 2018-06-11. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-31. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
- ^ "Міста-партнери". korosten-rada.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Korosten. Archived from the original on 2020-04-25. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
External links
- (in Ukrainian) Official website
- (in English) Korosten: a small town with a great history
- (in Russian) Information on the city of Korosten
- (in Russian) Изучи Коростень @ Ukrainian.Travel
- (in English) Find out Korosten @ Ukrainian.Travel
- (in Ukrainian) Віднайди Коростень @ Ukrainian.Travel