Kramatorsk

Coordinates: 48°44′21″N 37°35′02″E / 48.73917°N 37.58389°E / 48.73917; 37.58389
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Kramatorsk (disambiguation).

Kramatorsk
Краматорськ
City
UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
84300-84390
Area code+380 626(4)
Websitewww.krm.gov.ua
Map

Kramatorsk (

Donbas theater.[2] Its population is 147,145 (2022 estimate).[3] It is an important industrial and mechanical engineering center in Ukraine. Kramatorsk is on the banks of the Kazennyi Torets River [uk] which is a right tributary of the Siverskyi Donets
.

Since the start of the

Russian invasion of Ukraine, Kramatorsk has been hit by Russian shelling multiple times.[4]

Etymology

According to Doctor of Philology Yevhen Otin from

Don River
.

Previously during the Soviet period, it was thought that the name comes from a French word "crématoire" connecting it with a local factory. Such version proposed a Russian linguist Vladimir Nikonov from

Simbirsk
(Ulyanovsk). However, Dr. Otin pointed out that settlement of Kramatoroka existed before establishment of any factories.

History

Early history

Scarcity of historical documents does not provide information of previous settlement in the area, but archaeological excavations in the area show that it was populated before.

In the second half of the 17th and early 18th centuries, the area in which Kramatorsk was to develop was heavily populated by Cossacks from the

Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.[6]

Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov Railway
A brick-refractory factory of Stertzer and Co. at Kramatorsk rail station near Bakhmut

Kramatorsk came into being in the second half of the 19th century when a station on the

1905 Russian Revolution, during the 1901-1904 production of cast iron at the factory tripled and accounted for 4.5 millions of poods. Number of employed workers at the factory has doubled during that period (1900-1904) to some 1,460. The workers of the factory were peasants hired from nearby villages, while managing personnel was predominantly foreigners.[6] During the Soviet period that factory was known as the Old Kramatorsk Machine-Building Plant.[5] A factory worker for one 11-12 hour work day was receiving around 70 kopecks to 1 ruble and 10 kopecks. A primary medical institution for the factory was a regional hospital in Sloviansk (about 15 km (9.3 mi)), while in Kramatorsk was a small local clinic with no more than 12 beds. At that time around the settlement appeared smaller iron shops that belonged to Vykov merchants. Employed at least 70 craftsmen, they were producing plowshares, horseshoes, shovels. The settlement accounted for two steam-powered mills, blacksmith shops, grain crusher mill.[6]

Chalk mountains near Kramatorsk

The first educational institution was opened in 1869 by the Kramatorsk rail station administration as a single grade school for children of the rail station servicemen, clerks of telegraph and post office, local police. About 20 years later a gubernatorial government established a primary 2-year parochial school which had a small library (part of the Ministry of National Education program). In 1897 the "W.Fizner and K.Hamper" company established the 3-year factory school for children of the administration and skilled workers.[6]

20th century

Already in spring of 1903, the Old Kramatorsk Machine-Building Plant came under influence of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) of Kharkiv and Ekaterinoslav (Dnipro) party cells and at the factory was organized first "revolutionary" group. The group had intention to join the political strike that took place in summer of 1903 at the Russian South (including today's Ukraine), but in August members of the group were all arrested. In spring of 1904 RSDLP established its party cell within the town of Kramatorsk itself. In mid February 1905 the RSDLP organized a short strike that ended after arrival of couple of companies of the Lebedyn regiment. Some 600 workers were fired right away. In the beginning of 1905 Kramatorsk accounted for over 12,000 residents.[6]

Later that year RSDLP organized scandal at the factory turning prayer for the

Yuzivka, Kostiantynivka, Druzhkivka, Horlivka factories and accounted for some 3,000 workers calling for armed uprising and support of peasants for their rights on land. The demonstrators marched to the neighboring village of Petrovka. The Russian Minister of Internal Affairs Pyotr Stolypin was calling the Kiev Military District commander to immediately dispatch a military detachment to Izyum uyezd (county) and Kramatorsk, in particular. The Kramatorsk factory was forced to be closed and workers were released, while those who participated in the mutiny were prosecuted.[6] Later the factory was reopened.[citation needed
]

The town of Kramatorsk gave a jump start to a political career of Ukrainian Bolshevik Vlas Chubar who organized at the factory a school of political propaganda. Following the Lena massacre, on 1 May 1912 Chubar organized protest with red banners which gathered some 2,000 workers. Many participants were fired, while some were sent to military service. Vlas Chubar was imprisoned in the Bakhmut jail (Bakhmut). During that time Bolsheviks were carrying out a fundraising at the factory for their "Pravda" newspaper (est. 5 May 1912). A very close relations local Bolsheviks kept with a member of the Russian State Duma from Kharkov Governorate and a local Bolshevik from the Poltava's suburbs Matvei Muranov who visited Kramatorsk in 1913.[6]

Before World War I, the town remained an unorganized workers' settlement.[6] It accounted for some 4,000 residents (1914).[5]

In April 1918 troops loyal to the Ukrainian People's Republic took control of Kramatorsk.[9]

It was occupied by Nazi Germany between 27 October 1941 and 5 February 1943 and again between 27 February 1943 and 6 September 1943.[citation needed]

Between 1980 and 1989, several people

radiation sickness.[citation needed
]

Russo-Ukrainian War

Further information: Battle of Kramatorsk, February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack, Kramatorsk railway station attack, and 2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike

On 12 April 2014, at the same time as

administrative center of Donetsk Oblast after the administration relocated from Mariupol. On 10 February 2015, Kramatorsk was shelled by pro-Russian forces, leaving 17 people dead and 60 injured.[14]

On 8 April 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Kramatorsk was subjected to missile strikes.[15] The Kramatorsk railway station was hit by Tochka-U missiles which killed at least 57 people and wounded at least 109 others.[16] Pavlo Kyrylenko, the governor of the Donetsk region, said thousands of people had been at the station at the time the two missiles struck. On 19 April 2022, Russian troops launched rocket attacks on Kramatorsk, as a result of which one person was killed and three were injured.[17] On 21 April 2022, British Defence Ministry intelligence reported that Russian troops in the Donetsk region were advancing towards Kramatorsk.[18] However, in early September 2022, Ukraine launched a major counteroffensive, regaining several settlements in the Kharkiv region. This relieved the pressure on Kramatorsk with the recapture of Lyman by Ukrainian forces on 1 October 2022.[citation needed]

On 27 June 2023, a Russian missile strike killed at least 11 people and injured over 60 in a pizza restaurant in the center of the city.[19]

Geography

The Kramatorsk metro area is located in Kramatorsk Raion, making it a central part of a major urban agglomeration with over 500,000 inhabitants.

Demographics

Kramatorsk has a population of over 164,700 inhabitants (2013) and has a

Ukrainian Census of 2001 was:[20]

Ethnicity

Language

According to the regional department of statistics, as of 1 January 2017, the population of Kramatorsk was 190,648 people.[21]

Economy and industry

Industrial and mining equipment

Old Kramatorsk machine plant
  • New Kramatorsk Machinebuilding Plant
    (NKMZ) (founded 1934): design and production of machines and equipment for mining, steel rolling, metallurgy, production and handling of cast iron, artillery weapon systems.
  • Old Kramatorsk Machinebuilding Plant (founded 1896)

In the 2000s, a wind turbine production facility was constructed in Kramatorsk. This is a joint venture between German Fuhrländer AG and its Ukrainian partners. According to their site, Fuhrländer became the first company in the renewable energy sector to obtain a building permit from the Ukrainian government.[22]

Transportation

Between 1937 and 1 August 2017, Kramatorsk had a tram network. However, it is now closed and public transportation is provided by buses and trolley-buses.[23]

Twin towns

 United States, Stamford, Connecticut - On 6 April 2023 officially announced Kramatorsk as their sister city.[24]

 Ukraine, Perechyn, Zakarpattia Oblast[25]

Gallery

Notable people

At various periods, Kramatorsk was a place of residence for a number of notable people, including Leonid Bykov, Joseph Kobzon, and Ruslan Ponomariov.

Notes

  1. ^ a feminine possessive form of Kramatorsk

References

  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 (tr. "Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022") ukrstat.gov.ua
  2. Zerkalo Nedeli (in Russian). Archived from the original
    on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  3. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  4. ^ "There have been attacks in Kramatorsk today. Here are some pictures of the devastation". CNN. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Kramatorsk". Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "КРАМАТОРСЬК, ДОНЕЦЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ" (in Ukrainian). ukrssr.com.ua (The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR).
  7. ^ "Краматорськ" (in Ukrainian). www.toponymic-dictionary.in.ua (Toponymic Dictionary of Ukraine).
  8. ^ "КРАМАТО́РСК" (in Russian). old.bigenc.ru (Big Russian Encyclopedia).
  9. Ukrayinska Pravda
    (18 April 2018)
  10. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Kramatorsk police headquarters stormed". BBC. 13 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  11. ^ Shaun Walker (4 May 2014). "Ukraine crisis: tension mounts in Kramatorsk after army rolls in". Guardian. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  12. ^ "Kramatorsk Dispatch: Humiliating Capitulation Dampens Troops' Morale". 17 April 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Separatists cleared from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk". Kyiv Post. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  14. ^ "Годовщина кровавого обстрела Краматорска: пострадавшие хотят забыть тот день, но не могут". ТСН.ua (in Russian). 10 February 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Missile strike in Kramatorsk leaves two dead, six injured, says Ukrainian official". CNN. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  16. ^ Semenova, Thaisa (8 April 2022). "At least 39 killed by Russian strike on train station with evacuating civilians". Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  17. ^ Enemy fired missiles at Kramatorsk again, there is one dead
  18. ^ Russian troops advance towards Kramatorsk - British intelligence
  19. ^ Sunita Patel-Carstairs (27 June 2023). "Ukraine war: Russian missile 'designed to bring down a plane' hits crowded pizza restaurant in Kramatorsk". Sky News. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  20. ^ "Офіційна сторінка Всеукраїнського перепису населення" [Official page of the All-Ukrainian Population Census]. Ukrcensus.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  21. ^ "Население Краматорска продолжает сокращаться" (tr. "The population of Kramatorsk continues to decrease") dnews.dn.uaArchived 12 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Donetskie Novosti, 10 March 2017
  22. ^ "Fuhrländer opens joint venture park in Ukraine". Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  23. ^ "Kramatorsk tram network closes | News | Railway Gazette International". Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  24. ^ "Ukraine Aid International: Stamford joins CT communities providing humanitarian support to overseas victims". 6 April 2023.
  25. ^ "Схід і захід разом: Краматорськ та Перечи́н віднині — міста-побратими! – Краматорська міська рада" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 18 June 2023.

External links

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