Kronprinzenpalais

Coordinates: 52°31′02″N 13°23′49″E / 52.51722°N 13.39694°E / 52.51722; 13.39694
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Kronprinzenpalais
Kronprinzenpalais
Kronprinzenpalais is located in Berlin
Kronprinzenpalais
Location in Berlin
Kronprinzenpalais is located in Germany
Kronprinzenpalais
Kronprinzenpalais (Germany)
Former namesKönigliches Palais
General information
TypePalace
Architectural styleNeoclassical
Town or cityBerlin
CountryGermany
Coordinates52°31′01″N 13°23′46″E / 52.517°N 13.396°E / 52.517; 13.396
Completed1663 (original)
1857 (renovation)
Renovated1970 (reconstruction)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Heinrich Strack (renovation)
Richard Paulick (reconstruction)

The Kronprinzenpalais (English: Crown Prince's Palace) is a former

Allied bombing in World War II, the Kronprinzenpalais was rebuilt from 1968 to 1970 by Richard Paulick as part of the Forum Fridericianum. In 1990, the German Reunification Treaty was signed in the listed building.[1]
Since then, it has been used for events and exhibitions.

Earliest uses

Johann Arnold Nering created the building in 1663–69 as the private residence of Cabinet Secretary Johann Martitz, converting an existing middle-class house.[2][3] From 1706 to 1732, it was the official residence of the governor of Berlin.[4]

Remodelling and use as a royal palace

Kronprinzenpalais after its first rebuilding
Johann Heinrich Strack
, c. 1890
Kronprinzenpalais in ruins, 1947

In 1732,

royal palace. He gave the Kronprinzenpalais to his brother Augustus William
; after Augustus William's death in 1758, his widow continued to use it until 1780.

The building was then renovated and refurnished in Neoclassical style (with furniture from Prussia rather than France) and became the residence of Crown Prince Frederick William (the future

Countess Voss, who had an apartment near the entrance.[4][5] They remained there after he became king and the Palace was now called Königliches Palais (Royal Palace).[6] Johann Gottfried Schadow created his double statue of Crown Princess Louise and her sister Frederica, the Prinzessinnengruppe, in the palace in 1795–97. The future Emperor William I was born there on 22 March 1797.[7] In the early 19th century, Karl Friedrich Schinkel renovated several rooms in the palace; he also designed an extension over the Oberwallstraße connecting the palace to the Kronprinzessinnenpalais (Crown Princesses' Palace), where the king's three daughters were living; this was built in 1811 by Heinrich Gentz in association with his remodelling of the exterior of the Prinzessinenpalais.[8] After Louise's early death, Frederick William maintained a family shrine to her in the palace.[9] The main building was known as the Königliches Palais (Royal Palace) until 1840; after 1840, when the king died, it was known as the former Royal Palace, and was not used by any members of the royal family; during the reign of Frederick William IV, it housed court officials, and Rudolf Lepke, who founded a major auction house, grew up there.[10]

In 1856–57,

Johann Heinrich Strack extensively rebuilt the palace for William I's son, Prince Frederick William (the future Kaiser Frederick III), giving it substantially its present appearance. Strack replaced the mansard roof with a third storey with Corinthian pillars, and added neo-classical details to the façade, whose columns he changed from Tuscan to Corinthian.[4] The four statues above the entrance remained,[5] but he added a tall columned portico surmounted by a balcony. He also built a setback addition on the east side of the building, with a colonnade on its Unter den Linden and Niederlagstraße sides.[4] After 1861, when Frederick William's father acceded to the throne and he became Crown Prince, the building was once again known as the Kronprinzenpalais; he resided there with his wife Princess Victoria, daughter of England's Queen Victoria
.

Their eldest son, who would be the last German Emperor as

Adolph von Menzel.[12] However, after Frederick III's death in 1888 following a 99-day reign, she was usually at her new residence, Schloß Friedrichshof, and the palace was rarely used. Beginning in 1905, it was used as a winter residence by Wilhelm II's heir, Crown Prince Wilhelm, and his wife Crown Princess Cecilie. During the November revolution in Berlin in 1918, revolutionary leaders addressed the crowd from the entrance ramp of the palace.[13][14]

Modern annexe of the National Gallery

After the dissolution of the monarchy, the palace became a possession of the State of Prussia, which gave it to the National Gallery in 1919 to house its drawing collection.[15][16] The director, Ludwig Justi, used this annexe to the existing building (now known as the Alte Nationalgalerie) to house a new department devoted to living artists, the Galerie der Lebenden, something which he had proposed the previous year and which contemporary artists themselves had been demanding.[6][16][17][18][19] This opened on 4 August 1919[20] with approximately 150 paintings and sculptures including naturalistic and French Impressionist works, a sculpture by Rodin (in a room retaining the old palace décor, which also featured paintings by Cézanne, Van Gogh, and Manet), works representing both the establishment Verein Berliner Künstler and the Berlin Secession, and on the top floor in a temporary display, works by members of Die Brücke and other Expressionists.[16][19][21] This was the first state promotion in Germany of Expressionist works, which were unpopular with large numbers of the public.[22] The gallery was a pioneer of the museum of contemporary art; in the judgement of the assistant director of the National Gallery at the time, the collection was superior to that of all other German galleries then collecting modern art.[23] It served as a model for later institutions,[21] notably the Museum of Modern Art in New York, which opened two years after its first director, Alfred H. Barr Jr., visited the Kronprinzenpalais in 1927.[16][24][25] On the other hand, the art critic Karl Scheffler, who favoured Impressionism and disliked Expressionism, attacked Justi for opening the contemporary art gallery, publishing a book in 1921 with the title Berliner Museumskrieg (Berlin Museum War).[26]

After the Nazis

came to power in 1933, there was an initial period of tolerance of modern art, but then Hitler ordered the galleries to be "cleansed" of it, in particular the Kronprinzenpalais.[27] In May 1936, works from the Ismar Littmann collection of Expressionist art which had been confiscated by the Gestapo from a Berlin auction house were burnt in the furnace.[28][29] Eberhard Hanfstaengl, the then director of the National Gallery, was ordered to set aside only a few "historically valuable" works and saved five paintings and ten drawings.[29][30] The Expressionist gallery was closed in October 1936, after the Berlin Olympics had ended, as a "hotbed of cultural Bolshevism".[31][32][33]

In the 1937 Nazi operation against Entartete Kunst (degenerate art), the National Gallery lost a total of 435 works.

Göring, who took a group of 13 modern paintings to offer them privately for sale through an art dealer he knew,[43] and roughly one sixth of its total loss of over RM 1 million after the official auctions of "degenerate art" in Switzerland.[44]

Later in 1937, the building became the seat of the Prussian Academy of Arts, whose building in Pariser Platz had been requisitioned by Albert Speer's office.[45] The Director of the Schauspielhaus theatre in the Gendarmenmarkt, Gustaf Gründgens, also temporarily had his office in the building.[46]

In March 1945, the Kronprinzenpalais was gutted in an Allied bomb attack. Until 1958, a ballet school used a remaining rear section, but the site was entirely cleared in 1961.[47]

Reconstruction and postwar uses

Reconstructed Palais Unter den Linden, 1980

In 1968–69, to complete the restoration of the south side of Unter den Linden and make a suitable visual transition to the newly completed

Unification Agreement was signed there on 31 August 1990,[47] after which the Senate of Berlin
took possession of the building.

The garden, which extends from Oberwallstraße to Niederlagstraße and has underground parking garages under part of it, was newly laid out in 1969–70 by W. Hinkefuß and descends in terraces to a central lawn, and then rises again in further terraces to a restaurant called the Schinkelklause, which incorporates pieces of terracotta and an entrance from Schinkel's Bauakademie, which was partially destroyed in World War II and demolished around 1960. The sculptures in the garden are by Senta Baldamus [de], Gerhard Thierse and Gerhard Lichtenfelds [de].[4][47]

From 1998 to 2003, the Kronprinzenpalais was used as temporary exhibit space by the

Joshua Sobol's polydrama Alma, on Alma Mahler, played scenes simultaneously in various rooms, which required temporarily reconstructing the historical appearance of the interior. In 2006 the building housed Erzwungene Wege—Flucht und Vertreibung im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, a controversial exhibition on expulsions of Germans in 20th-century Europe organised by the Federation of Expellees,[51][52] and in March–June 2012 it housed a three-part exhibition dealing more broadly with forced exile and including Erzwungene Wege as one of its components.[53] The building is a Berlin historic landmark.[4]

The four statues over the entrance

References

  1. ^ Kronprinzenpalais (in German) Landesdenkmalamt Berlin
  2. ^
    OCLC 476510798, p. 129
    (in German)
  3. ISBN 9783865680501, p. 148
    (in German)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kronprinzenpalais Archived 2015-07-05 at the Wayback Machine, Denkmale in Berlin, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt (in German)
  5. ^
    ISBN 9783406598135, pp. 109–11
    (in German)
  6. ^
    ISBN 9781900639286, p. 32
    .
  7. ISBN 9783406343957, pp. 395–409, p. 395
    (in German)
  8. ISBN 9783770155774, pp. 123–24
    (in German)
  9. ISBN 9780521761987, p. 54
    .
  10. ^ Giloi, p. 196.
  11. ISBN 9783406343957, p. 419
    (in German)
  12. ^ Kaiserin Friedrich als Künstlerin: Künstlerische Bestrebungen am preußischen Hof in Berlin Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine, Kaiserin Friedrich.de (in German)
  13. ^ "Nach der Ausrufung der Republik in Berlin", photograph by Otto Haeckel, 9 November 1918, at German Historical Museum [dead link]
  14. ^ "Revolution in Berlin 9 November 1918" Archived 6 January 2013 at archive.today, the same picture at Wissenschaft am Abgrund: Weltkrieg und Revolution, slideshow with instructional captions.
  15. ^ According to Giloi, p. 345, the Prinzessinnenpalais as well.
  16. ^
    ISBN 9781409405863, p. 112
    .
  17. OCLC 475266, p. 65
    .
  18. ISBN 9781857099607, p. 55
    .
  19. ^
    ISBN 9780226890593, p. 85
    .
  20. ISBN 9783926796011, p. 3
    (in German)
  21. ^ a b Uwe Prell, "Berlin—Bühne des Wandels—Ein Reisebericht", PhD dissertation, Free University of Berlin, Chapter 3 (pdf) p. 284 (in German)
  22. ISBN 9780838641682, p. 96
    .
  23. ISBN 9780810936539, p. 116
    .
  24. ^ Forster-Hahn, p. 16.
  25. ISBN 9780307398598, n.p.: Barr wrote to the head of the National Gallery, Ludwig Justi
    : "Our institution seeks to fulfil the function of a Kronprinzenpalais!"
  26. OCLC 251357313
    (in German)
  27. ISBN 9780807822401, p. 48
    : Goebbels wrote in his diary on 15 December 1935: "With the Führer at midday.... The crap must be cleansed from the Kronprinzenpalais."
  28. ^ Janda, p. 69.
  29. ^ a b Anja Heuss, Das Schicksal der jüdischen Kunstsammlung von Ismar Littmann. Ein neuer Fall von Kunstraub wirft grundsätzliche Fragen auf, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 17 August 1998 (in German) (online at Kulturartikel 2 Archived 2008-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, B'nai B'rith Augustin Keller Loge, Zurich).
  30. ISBN 9780195129649, p. 287, note 68, p. 68
    .
  31. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, pp. 60–61.
  32. ^ "Magere Schultern", Der Spiegel, 9 September 1968 (in German)
  33. ISBN 9783878470892, p. 15
    (in German)
  34. ^ Ecksteins, n.p.
  35. OCLC 23118365, p. 5
    (in German)
  36. ^ According to Der Spiegel, it lost a total of around 500 works, 170 of them paintings.
  37. ^
    ISBN 9783050051895, p. 74
    (in German)
  38. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, p. 20.
  39. ^ Petropoulos, Faustian Bargain, p. 16.
  40. ^ a b Rosebrock, pp. 73–74.
  41. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, p. 56.
  42. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, p. 57.
  43. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, pp. 79–80.
  44. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, p. 81.
  45. ^ Petropoulos, Art as Politics, p. 73, p. 335, note 100.
  46. ^ "Tanz auf dem Vulkan", Der Spiegel, 28 September 1981 (in German)
  47. ^ a b c d e f g Nikolaus Bernau, "Das Kronprinzenpalais Unter den Linden. Ein Denkmal der DDR-Moderne", Museumsjournal Berlin 1 (1999) 4–9 (online at Schlosdebatte.de) (in German)
  48. ISBN 9783428002016, p. 125
    (in German)
  49. ISBN 9783791326467
    , p. 56, photo p. 57.
  50. Max Planck Institute
    , 2005, retrieved 27 August 2012.
  51. ^ Severin Weiland, "Ausstellung 'Erzwungene Wege': Auf schmalem Grat", Der Spiegel, 10 August 2006 (in German)
  52. ^ Pressestimmen zur Ausstellung 'Erzwungene Wege—Flucht und Vertreibung im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts' Archived 2009-03-20 at the Wayback Machine Zeitgeschichte-online, 7 September 2006, retrieved 22 August 2012 (pdf) (in German)
  53. ^ Katharina Klotz, "Kronprinzenpalais: Heimatweh—Eine Trilogie", Museumsjournal 2 (2012) p. 90 (in German)

Further reading

  • Paul Seidel. "Zur Geschichte des Kronprinzen-Palais in Berlin, insbesondere der ehemaligen Wohnung der Königin Luise". Hohenzollern-Jahrbuch 11 (1907) 206–57 (in German)
  • Jörg Haspel. "Rekonstruktion als städtebauliche Denkmalpflege? Das Kronprinzenpalais in Berlin". In Rekonstruktion in der Denkmalpflege. Überlegungen, Definitionen, Erfahrungsberichte. Ed. Juliane Kirschbaum and Annegret Klein. Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Nationalkomitees für Denkmalschutz 57. Bonn: Deutsches Nationalkomitee für Denkmalschutz, 1998.
    OCLC 470203880
    . pp. 75–81 (in German)
  • Crown Prince’s Palace: Contract Signing in a Magnificent Building. In: Sites of Unity (Haus der Geschichte), 2022.

External links

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52°31′02″N 13°23′49″E / 52.51722°N 13.39694°E / 52.51722; 13.39694

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