Krypton (comics)
Krypton | |
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Publisher | DC Comics |
Krypton is a
Krypton is also the native world of
Krypton also makes an appearance in several television series such as Adventures of Superman, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Superman: The Animated Series, Smallville, Supergirl, and Krypton. Krypton appears in the 1978 film Superman, the 2006 film Superman Returns, and the 2013 film Man of Steel, set in the DC Extended Universe.
Overview
Krypton is usually portrayed in comics as the home of a fantastically advanced civilization, which is destroyed when the planet explodes. As originally depicted, all the civilizations and races of Krypton perished in the explosion, with one exception: the baby
, where he grew up to become Superman.In some versions of the story, additional survivors were later discovered, such as Supergirl, her parents (kept alive in the "Survival Zone", a similar parallel "dimension" to the Phantom Zone), the criminal inhabitants of the Phantom Zone, Dev-Em, the residents of the bottled city of Kandor, the real parents of both Superman and Supergirl, and their pets Krypto the Superdog, and Beppo the Super-Monkey. Kandor, the first capital of Krypton, is miniaturized by Brainiac, but is eventually recovered by Superman and subsequently housed in the Fortress of Solitude for safekeeping. Soon afterward, Kryptonopolis becomes the second capital of Krypton.
From the late 1980s through the early 2000s, the number of survivors was reduced to Superman himself in the
Kryptonian civilization's reported level of technological advancement has also varied. Some works, such as Kevin J. Anderson's novel The Last Days of Krypton, describe it as a few centuries ahead of Earth, while others, such as the Superman film series and Man of Steel, describe it as thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years more advanced.
Versions of Krypton
Krypton in the Golden Age of Comic Books
History
In its first appearance, Krypton was only depicted at the moment of its destruction. Soon, beginning in the Superman
The debut of the Superman newspaper comic strip in 1939 delved into further details about Krypton, introducing the idea that all Kryptonians possessed a level of heightened physical abilities, including
The Golden Age Krypton would be revised into another form almost as soon as it was defined, and very few stories were initially written about it. However, after the introduction of DC's multiverse in the 1960s, this version of Krypton was declared to be the Krypton of the Earth-Two universe (the native dimension of DC's Golden Age characters) and its Superman.
After the emergence of Earth-Two as a differentiated alternate universe within the DC Multiverse, Power Girl (Kara Zor-L) was introduced as Krypton-Two's alternate Supergirl in 1976. Kal-L and Kara Zor-L were the only known survivors of Krypton-Two, unlike the Silver Age analogue. Earth-Two's universe lacked its own Brainiac, so its Kandor was never abducted from Krypton Two before its destruction, nor did Kal-L have his own version of Krypto as an infant and toddler on this world.
In the Golden Age, Superman was initially unaware of his true origins; in Superman #61, Superman discovered the existence of Krypton for the first time and learned of his Kryptonian heritage. He later encountered other survivors prior to Kara's arrival in the form of three criminals, U-Ban, Kizo, and Mala, who were exiled by Superman's father before Krypton's destruction.
Krypton in transition
Over the course of the 1940s and 1950s, various alterations and additions to the makeup of Krypton were made in the comics. Among them was an explanation of why the natives of Krypton perished if they had possessed superpowers on their native world (as was the case in the earliest versions of Krypton outlined above, although this only became a problem once Superman — and by extension anyone from Krypton — was portrayed as increasingly powerful, able to withstand nuclear explosions, contrasted with his original power level in which a bursting mortar shell could penetrate his skin).
Thus, it was explained by the early 1950s that Kryptonians were powerless on their own planet and would gain superpowers only within a lower gravity environment. This matched the correct theories being published that when man reaches the Moon (a lighter gravity environment) he will be able to lift great masses and leap great distances. In the early 1960s, added to this was the need to be exposed to the rays of a yellow sun (versus Krypton's red sun, Rao, which was older and cooler, or put out less energy) to gain superpowers, with the yellow sun aspect soon gaining the much greater emphasis. Other changes to the concept of Krypton and its culture were introduced, many of which were stylistic.
Krypton in the Silver Age of Comic Books
By the late 1950s, Krypton played an increasing role in various Superman stories, with greater detail provided about Krypton's makeup.[3] Superman's Kryptonian heritage was a frequent factor in Silver Age Superman comic storylines, as he was fully aware of his origins from an early age. Superman would use this knowledge for such tasks as constructing advanced Kryptonian technology or observing some of Krypton's traditions.
History
Kryptonians made use of their advanced science to create a world where scientific inventions and research influenced much of daily life. Robots and
Several stories featured characters traveling back in time to visit Krypton before its destruction; one example is the 1960 story "Superman's Return to Krypton", in which Superman is swept back in time to Krypton some years before its destruction. Powerless, he spends some time on the planet, where he meets his future parents-to-be and falls in love with a Kryptonian actress named Lyla Lerrol. A Superman "imaginary story" entitled "What If Krypton Had Not Exploded?" (reprinted in the trade paperback The Greatest Superman Stories Ever Told) gave more insight into Krypton's society. This era also established that the Guardians of the Universe, the administrators of the interstellar police force, the Green Lantern Corps, were themselves aware of Krypton's pending destruction and assigned Green Lantern Tomar-Re to avert it, but he was ultimately unsuccessful in his attempt.[4]
In 1980, a three-issue
Flora and fauna
Krypton has a vast number of flora and fauna, both wild and domesticated. Some of them look very similar to Earth's animals, due to
Moons
One of Krypton's moons, Wegthor, was accidentally destroyed by the Kryptonian scientist Jax-Ur, who was experimenting with a nuclear missile that was diverted from its intended destination. The disaster killed 500 inhabitants of the moon and Jax-Ur became the first and only criminal to be banished eternally to the Phantom Zone. This disaster also prompted the Science Council of Krypton to ban space flight completely.[7]
Survivors
A Silver Age Superman was not alone in the survival of Krypton's destruction, being joined by his cousin
Argo City drifted through space on an asteroid-sized fragment of Krypton, which had been transformed into kryptonite by the explosion. The super-advanced technology of its Kryptonian inhabitants allowed them to construct a life-sustaining dome and a lead shield that protected their city from the kryptonite radiation of the asteroid. The protective shield was destroyed in a meteor storm, exposing the inhabitants to the deadly radiation.
The sole survivor of Argo City, Kara Zor-El, was sent to Earth by her scientist father to live with her cousin Kal-El, who had become known as Superman. Kara adjusted to her new life on Earth and became known as Supergirl. It was later discovered that Supergirl's parents had survived in the Survival Zone, a parallel dimension similar to the Phantom Zone, from which she released them. When the bottle city of Kandor was finally enlarged on a new planet that was similar to Krypton, Supergirl's parents joined its inhabitants to live there.
Daxamites
The people now known as the Daxamites were originally Kryptonians who left their homeworld to explore the universe (in post-
Crisis on Infinite Earths
After the 1985 miniseries
Krypton in the Modern Age of Comic Books
The Man of Steel
Following Crisis on Infinite Earths, which
Krypton itself was the main subject of the late 1980s The World of Krypton miniseries (not to be confused with the 1979 miniseries of the same name). This miniseries was written by Byrne and illustrated by Mike Mignola, and filled in much of Krypton's new history.
History
The new Krypton was approximately one-and-a-half times larger than the Earth and orbited a red sun called
Over 200,000 years ago, Krypton had developed scientific advancements far beyond those of present-day Earth, and had discovered a way to conquer disease and aging by perfecting
100,000 years later Kryptonian society was tipping toward decadence and eventually political strife resulted from the debate about the use of clones (three by each Kryptonian; one child, one teen and one adult, perfectly preserved in stasis in large clone banks) to repair any hurt and avoiding death, if they were sentient beings and should have rights to be awakened to live as any other Kryptonian, sparked in addition by the presence of an alien missionary known as
Although the Eradicator's effects (altering the
The destruction (by Van-L, an ancestor of Jor-El) of the Destroyer eliminated the Post-Crisis city of Kandor in a fiery nuclear explosion, but it was believed at the time that the device had been stopped before it could achieve planetary destruction. Centuries later, Jor-El himself would discover that the reaction had only been slowed to a nearly imperceptible rate and it would eventually destroy the planet as intended.
Destruction
Though it survived the war, Krypton was scarred deeply by it. The formerly lush garden world was burned and blasted to a desert, and a sterile society—emotionally unlike its predecessor—emerged. The population lived isolated from one another in widely separated technological citadels, shunning all physical and personal contact, to the point that even family members would only interact with each other via communication devices. Procreation became a matter of selecting compatible genetic material to be placed within an artificial womb called a "birthing matrix"; the parents almost never met in person and never touched one another. The planetary government was deeply isolationist and forbade space exploration and communication with other worlds.
The young scientist Jor-El was born into this world. By his adult years, a mysterious "Green Plague" was killing Kryptonians by the thousands, and upon researching the matter, Jor-El discovered that its cause was growing radiation produced by Krypton's increasingly unstable core. This process was going to cause the planet to explode.
Unable to convince his associates to abandon tradition and consider escape, and reasoning that modern Kryptonian society had grown cold, unfeeling and sterile, Jor-El removed the Eradicator's planetary binding genes from his unborn son Kal-El's genetic pattern, took Kal-El's birthing matrix and attached a prototype interstellar propulsion system to the vessel.[1][10] Just as the planet began to shake apart and massive, exploding streams of green energy erupted through the surface of Krypton, Jor-El launched the matrix towards Earth, where it would open and give birth to the infant upon landing (the Post-Crisis Superman therefore was considered to be technically "born" on Earth). Jor-El was not only determined that his son would survive the death of his birthworld, but that he would grow up on a world that vibrantly embraced living, as his forebears once did.
The Last Son of Krypton
A central theme of this version of the Superman
The supervillain
In the newer continuity, Superman also became aware of his alien heritage only sometime after his debut as a superhero - initially assuming himself to be a human mutated in some manner and launched as part of an Earth space program - when a holographic program encoded into the craft which brought him to Earth uploaded the information into his brain (although Lex Luthor had earlier discovered his alien heritage when his attempts to create a clone of Superman were complicated by the unexpected x-factor of Superman's alien DNA).
Revisiting Krypton
In Action Comics #600 (May 1988), Krypton was close enough to Earth that the radiation from its explosion (traveling only at light speed) was able to reach Earth.
In a 1988 storyline, Superman traveled to the former site of Krypton to discover that the planet was slowly reforming from the vast sphere of debris remaining. It would take millions of years before the planet would be solid again. This sphere of debris had been turned to kryptonite by the planet's destruction, and the radiation caused Superman to have a hallucination in which the entire population of Krypton came to Earth and colonized the already inhabited planet, prompting Jor-El to initiate a Terran-based resistance movement, pitting him against his estranged wife Lara and now-grown son Kal-El, at which point the hallucination ended.[11]
In Superman: The Man of Steel Annual #3, "Unforgiven" - an Elseworlds tale - Jor-El convinces the Science Council to relocate selected Kryptonians to Earth.[12]
In a 1999 Starman storyline, Jack Knight became lost in time and space, and landed on Krypton several years before its destruction, meeting Jor-El as a young man. The story implies that it was this early meeting with a Terran that led Jor-El to study other worlds and eventually choose Earth as the target for his son's spacecraft; at the story's end, Jack gives Jor-El a device with the coordinates and images of Earth.[13]
In a 2001–2002 storyline, an artificial version of the Pre-Crisis Krypton was created in the Phantom Zone by
Superman: Birthright
In the 2004 miniseries Superman: Birthright, a new retelling of Superman's origin and early years, Mark Waid located Krypton in the Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million light-years away, and adopted elements from several previous versions of the planet.[16] Although usually depicted as a red giant or red supergiant, in this story Rao is mentioned by Jor-El to be a red dwarf.
In previous comic versions, it was assumed the "S" shield on Superman's costume simply stood for "Superman"; in Birthright, Waid presented it as a Kryptonian symbol of hope; he borrowed and modified a concept from Superman: The Movie, wherein the "S" was the symbol of the House of El, Superman's ancestral family.
Post-Birthright revisions
Beginning with
Multi-ethnic versions of Kryptonians that resemble
The New 52
Following Grant Morrison's run on Action Comics during
Known locations
- Bokos - it was nicknamed the Isle of Thieves.
- Lurvan - the largest continent on Krypton.
- Argo City - one of the largest cities on Krypton. In many continuities, it is portrayed as having survived Krypton's destruction due to a protective field. Supergirl and her family were from Argo City.[25]
- Fire Falls - a natural geological location where lava flows down a cliff.
- Jewel Mountains - a mountain range on Krypton. This was the location that Jax-Ur traveled back in time to in order to create Jewel Kryptonite.
- Kandor - the capital city of Krypton. It was bottled by Brainiac.[26]
- Fort Rozz - a military command center in Kandor.
- Plane of Wanan - a desolate location outside of Kandor.
- Kryptonopolis - the largest city on Krypton and home to Jor-El and Lara. Kal-El was born here.
- Urrika - one of two continents found on Krypton.
- Erkol - a city-state that had been in a war with Xan City.
- Xan City - one of the oldest cities found on Krypton. It was destroyed in a long war with Erkol.
- Vathlo Island - an island continent. This location is where the black Kryptonians reside.
- Orvai - a lakeside city and the home of Quex-Ul.
- Surrus - a city in southern Continent, named after their singing Flowers Surrus (Superman #236, 1971).
In other media
Radio
The first non-comics version of Krypton was presented in the debut storyline of the 1940s
sharing Earth's orbit but on the opposite side of the Sun, hidden from view of the Earth ("Krypton" derives from the Greek word for "hidden"). Some comics of the early 1950s suggested a similar theory, but in general the comics have depicted Krypton as being in a far-away star system.Television
Live-action
- Krypton appears in the pilot episode of the 1950s series Adventures of Superman. In this version, Jor-El proposes transporting the entire Kryptonian population to Earth via a fleet of rockets, but his proposal is rejected and the planet begins to break apart sooner than he expected anyway, leaving him only with a small test rocket, in which he and Lara use to launch Kal-El off.
- Krypton appears in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. At the end of the third season, it is revealed that a sizable colony survived the planet's destruction. From what was shown of the colony (called New Krypton), the society, despite the advanced technology, had numerous archaic elements, like hereditary rule, arranged marriage for nobles, and trial by combat being legal for nobility. Unlike many incarnations, New Krypton is not isolated from other races; it has starships, including a large vessel that serves as its palace, and Nor hires an assassin from another race to kill Kal-El.
- The television series Smallville presents a version of Krypton that mirrors the Superman: The Movie aesthetic but has more ties to Earth. It was a peaceful and advanced planet until civil war broke out, leading to its destruction in 1986 by General Zod and the renegade Zor-El after they used Brainiac to ignite Krypton's unstable core. Numerous Kryptonian artifacts come into play during the show, such as the "Stones of Power" in season 4 (used to contain all information in the known 28 galaxies and become the Crystal of Knowledge to make the Fortress of Solitude), "The Orb" in season 8 (containing the DNA of fallen Kryptonian citizens/soldiers scanned and cloned by Jor-El), and its bible The Book of Rao (used to transport Kryptonians to "Heaven") during season 9. In season 2, more Kryptonian glyphs appear on Earth via the Kawatche Caves as there are prophecies discovered about a "Traveler" planted by Jor-El visiting Smallville.
- Krypton is featured in the Argo Citywas preserved along with many of the inhabitants on an asteroid formed from Kryptonian debris.
- Krypton is the main setting of the Seg-El, Adam Strange, Kem, Lyta-Zod, Val-El, Nyssa-Vex, Jayna-Zod and Dev-Em.[32] This version of Krypton became unstable after Brainiac steals Kandor in the original timeline, an event that forces Seg to stop with allies like Adam Strange from the future and even the future General Dru-Zod. This version also borrows some elements from the initial post-Crisis depiction, such as the reproduction of Kryptonians through artificial means in Genesis Chamber birthing facility.[33]In the first season, 200 years before the birth of Kal-El, Krypton is ruled by a powerful religious figure known as Voice of Rao and the planet is divided in several guilds. Due to its decadent lifestyle of some Kryptonians, this causes a social inequality and those who are not in the guilds become Rankless. When Seg discovers that Voice of Rao is a puppet controlled by Brainiac, he forms a resistance movement of several friends and allies, including his son from the future, General Zod. After trapping Brainiac and Seg in the Phantom Zone, Zod takes power in Krypton, forcing all Rankless to become Sagitari soldiers and cutting some guilds, such as Religious and Lawmaker. In the second season, Seg returns to Krypton and gathers some of the surviving allies in order to stop Zod's murderous conquest. Zod also sends Sagitari and Doomsday weapon on the moon Wegthor to crush the rebels. After the moon is destroyed, Seg and almost all the rebels return to Krypton. When Seg and Lyta expose Zod's treachery, Zod tries to kill them, but is defeated and Sagitari forces are defeated by the resistance, ending a civil war on Krypton.
Animation
- Krypton was briefly depicted in the first Fleischer Studios-produced Superman cartoon in the early 1940s as "a planet that burned like a green star in the distant heavens [and where] civilization was far advanced and it brought forth a race of Supermen whose mental and physical powers were developed to the absolute peak of human perfection", implying that all Kryptonians had Superman's abilities even on their own planet. The planet is seen only from a distance, just before its explosion.
- Depictions of Krypton appear on both The New Adventures of Superman and Super Friends; in one of the "lost episodes" of Super Friends season of 1983–1984), "The Krypton Syndrome", Jor-El says that Krypton will be enveloped by their sun and explode a short time later.
- In the Superman: The Animated Series three-part premiere episode, "The Last Son of Krypton", Krypton's climate is shown to have both temperate and Arctic conditions. According to commentary on the DVD collection of the show's first season, part of Krypton's appearance was influenced by the art style of Jack Kirby.
- In this version, Krypton was destroyed by its core destabilizing, with Brainiac choosing to save himself by transferring his consciousness into a satellite rather than save Krypton's people. The rest of Kryptonian civilization (save for Jor-El and his family) remained unaware of the danger until it was too late to evacuate.
- Krypton had a "sister planet" named Argo (named after Argo City), colonized by Kryptonians many centuries before the destruction of Krypton. Krypton's destruction pushed Argo out of orbit, causing it to gradually cool. Its people went into cryostasis to survive, but their pods malfunctioned and shut down over time, leaving Supergirl the only survivor.
- Krypton appears in the Legion of Super Heroes episode "Message in a Bottle". In this version, Jor-El found a way to save the planet with his creation, the Messenger, which was kept in Kandor. Therefore, when Brainiac shrunk and stole the city, the planet's destruction was assured. At the end of the episode, the Legion use the Messenger to restore Krypton, and Kandor is restored to full size so its people can begin life anew.
- Krypton appears as a final cameo in the 2019 animated series DC Super Hero Girls, episode "#DCSuperHeroBoys" (Part 1). In a flashback, Alura Zor-El tells Zod that Krypton is collapsing on itself. She uses a device to send Zod and his minions Ursa and Non to the Phantom Zone, then tells Kara that she is sending her to join her cousin Kal.
Film
Superman
In the first feature-length Superman film in 1978, a vastly less idyllic image of Krypton was presented. Whereas in the comics Krypton was colorful and bright, the film depicted the planet with stark bluish-white terrain of jagged frozen plateaus under heavy, dark skies. The planet was threatened by their sun turning into a supernova. Jor-El unsuccessfully attempted to persuade the council of elders to immediately evacuate the planet.
Kryptonians themselves were portrayed as coolly cerebral and morally enlightened, clad in stark white bodysuits emblazoned with each family's house symbol. The architecture featured halls of white crystal under crystalline arches. The crystalline motif was employed not only in the architecture, but in the landscape and technology as well, suggesting that the entire planet had been adapted and altered by Kryptonian influence. In 1948, Krypton was ultimately destroyed when its red sun began to collapse; the planet was pulled into the sun and steadily crushed, then exploded in the ensuing supernova. When Krypton was destroyed, fragments from the planet were launched into space, resulting in the creation of a harmful radioactive substance known as kryptonite.
Both Jor-El and Lara preserved some part of their "essence" (in the form of virtual copies of themselves) in the starship that took three years to bring their child to Earth. On
Superman's symbol was given a Kryptonian origin in the film. Male Kryptonians were shown wearing unique symbols on the chests of their robes, similar to a family crest; Jor-El and Kal-El wore the familiar S-shield, which Lois Lane later assumed to be the letter S from the familiar Latin alphabet, and thus dubs him "Superman".
Superman Returns
The 2006 film Superman Returns presents a version of Krypton almost identical to Superman. In the beginning of the film, scientists discover remains of Krypton, and Superman leaves Earth for five years to look for it. His ship is seen leaving the dead planet. The planet is destroyed when the red supergiant Rao becomes a supernova.
Superman Returns extends the
The novelization by Marv Wolfman states that one of Superman's ancestors helped civilize Krypton long ago.
DC Extended Universe
The
Kryptonian civilization is at least 100,000 years old and many millennia more advanced than human civilization on Earth, and had begun exploring the Milky Way Galaxy, with at least one ship reaching as far as Earth. After their colonies collapse, Kryptonians abandon these projects in favor of isolationism and artificial population control, engineering newborns for pre-determined roles in society. By the early 1980's, the planet's resources were strained, and the stability of the planet was threatened by careless mining of the planet's core. As Jor-El attempts to warn the Science Council of their folly, General Zod stages a coup, which in turn sets off a massive war across the planet. In hopes of preserving the Kryptonian race, Jor-El steals the genetic Codex of the planet (a list holding the DNA pattern of everyone yet to be born on Krypton) and infuses it into the cells of Kal-El, the first natural-born child on Krypton in centuries, and sends his son to Earth. Zod kills Jor-El and is arrested by the authorities. He and his followers are banished to the Phantom Zone shortly before Krypton is destroyed. The planets destruction frees Zod and his men from the Phantom Zone, and after learning of Earth's existence, they vow to terraform it into a new Krypton.
In the 2016 film
Teen Titans Go! To the Movies
Krypton appears in the 2018 animated film Teen Titans Go! To the Movies. In the film, the Teen Titans travel to the planet and harmonized its crystals with music, preventing its destruction and preventing Kal-El from arriving on Earth and becoming Superman, although they later undo this and allow Krypton to be destroyed to ensure Superman's existence.
Superman: Unbound
Brainiac's abduction of Kandor, despite the resistance posed by Krypton's military, is shown in Superman: Unbound. Brainiac is infamous for destroying the planet's he takes cities from, but he left Krypton intact. Jor-El correctly theorized that this was because Brainiac detected that the planet would soon explode anyway and decided not to bother wasting a missile on their sun. Jor-El and his brother Zor-El then sent their children to Earth on rockets while studying how to defeat Brainiac and convince their government of the danger to Krypton. At least some of the populace of Argo City also outlive their planet, but rather than preserving their city with an energy shield, they are abducted by Brainiac before the planet's destruction in response to Zor-El studying how to defeat the villain.
DC League of Super-Pets
In the 2022 animated film DC League of Super-Pets, the destruction of Krypton is depicted as the opening scene where Jor-El and Lara prepare to send Kal-El to Earth, but in this depiction, Kal-El's pet dog, Krypto, jumps into his carrier to accompany him. Jor-El reluctantly agrees to send him off in hopes that his son will have a lifelong friend to be there for him.
Novelizations
Last Son of Krypton
The 1978 novel
The Last Days of Krypton
Novelist Kevin J. Anderson presents approximately the last Earth year before Krypton's destruction in the 2007 novel The Last Days of Krypton. Jor-El, Lara, Zod, and Zor-El are the primary point-of-view characters. Following Brainiac's abduction of Kandor, Zod attempts to seize power, eventually leading to a civil war. Here Jor-El manages to avert several disasters threatening Krypton before an attempt to destroy the Phantom Zone by several reactionary council members who Zod had previously imprisoned there destabilizes Krypton's core and destroys the planet. In addition to Kal-El's rocket and the forcefield surrounding Argo City, a third avenue for escaping the planet is represented by hordes of engineers who do believe Jor-El's warning and attempt to build several space arks to escape the planet. Ultimately, they are unable to complete the ships fast enough. In the novel, Kryptonopolis is built over the ruins of Xan City.
See also
- Fictional planets
- Phaeton (hypothetical planet), whom British-born astronomer Michael Ovenden suggested be named "Krypton" after Superman's home world instead
References
- ^ a b c Stern, Roger, Jerry Ordway, George Pérez (w), Swan, Curt, Jerry Ordway, George Pérez (p), Breeding, Brett, John Statema (i). "Memories of Krypton's Past" Action Comics Annual, no. 2 (1989). New York: DC Comics.
- ^ Superman: The Man of Steel #1
- ISBN 978-1-4012-1389-3.
- ^ Maggin, Eliot; Dillon, Dick; Giordano, Dick (October 1972). "The Greatest Green Lantern of All". Superman. 1.
- ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
The worldwide success of Superman: The Movie motivated [DC] to publish more Superman-related titles. With that, editor E. Nelson Bridwell oversaw a project that evolved into comics' first official limited series - World of Krypton...Featuring out-of-this-world artwork from Howard Chaykin, [Paul] Kupperberg's three-issue limited series explored Superman's homeworld.
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 195: "The Man of Steel took a look at his family tree in this three-issue miniseries by writer E. Nelson Bridwell and longtime Superman mainstay artist Curt Swan".
- ^ Kupperberg, Paul (w), Chaykin, Howard, Chiaramonte, Frank (a). "The Last Days of Krypton" World of Krypton, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 2–3 (September 1979). New York: DC Comics.
- ^ Byrne, John (w), Mignola, Mike (p), Bryant, Rick (i). "Pieces" The World of Krypton, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15/3 (December 1987). New York: DC Comics.
- ^ Byrne, John (w), Mignola, Mike (p), Bryant, Rick (i). "Pieces" The World of Krypton, vol. 2, no. 1 (December 1987). New York: DC Comics.
- ^ Byrne, John (w), Mignola, Mike (p), Bryant, Rick (i). "Pieces" The World of Krypton, vol. 2, no. 4 (March 1988). New York: DC Comics.
- ^ John Byrne: "Return to Krypton", Superman (vol. 2) #18 (June 1988)
- Superman, vol. 2, no. 18 (June 1988). New York: DC Comics.
- , vol. 2, no. 51 (March 1999). New York: DC Comics.
- ISBN 1-4012-0194-6.
- Kelly, Joe (w), Ferry, Pascual (p), Smith, Cam (i). "Return to Krypton II Part Four: Dream's End" Action Comics, no. 793, p. 20 (September 2002). New York: DC Comics.
- ISBN 1-4012-0252-7.
- ^ Johns, Geoff, Richard Donner (w), Kubert, Adam (a). "Last Son" Action Comics, no. 844–846, #851, Annual #11 (December 2006–July 2008). New York: DC Comics.
- ^ Brady, Matt (January 7, 2009). "Superman's planet is racially diverse - finally". NBC News.
- ^ Walker, Cody (April 2013)[1] "Humanity, Heroism, and Hope: Grant Morrison's Action Comics #3"
- ^ Wall, Mike (November 7, 2012). "Superman's Home Planet Krypton 'Found'". Scientific American
- ^ Potter, Ned (November 5, 2012). "Superman Home: Planet Krypton 'Found' in Sky". ABC News.
- ^ Gregorian, Dareh (November 5, 2012). "NYER is 'super' smart". New York Post.
- ^ Henderson, David (November 5, 2012). "Neil deGrasse Tyson Consults On Action Comics #14, Finds Krypton In Real Life" Archived 2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine. Multiversity Comics.
- ^ American Museum of Natural History (2012, November 14). Neil deGrasse Tyson on Finding Krypton
- ISBN 978-1-4012-1389-3.
- ISBN 978-1-4012-1389-3.
- ^ Johnston, Rich (October 27, 2014). "Man Of Steel Writer David Goyer, Attached To New TV Show. Its Name? 'Krypton'". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
- ^ Goldberg, Lesley (December 8, 2014). "Syfy, David Goyer Developing Superman Origin Story 'Krypton'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
- ^ Siegel, Lucas (October 22, 2015). "David Goyer Says Krypton Takes Place 200 Years Before Man Of Steel". Comicbook.com. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- ^ Ausiello, Michael (April 21, 2016). "Krypton Prequel From David S. Goyer Nears Pilot Order at Syfy". TV Line.
- ^ Holloway, Daniel (May 9, 2016). "Superman Prequel 'Krypton' Receives Pilot Order at Syfy". Variety.
- ^ TV Line Team (June 21, 2016). "Syfy's Krypton: Meet Superman's Grandpa and Other Key Characters". TV Line.
- ^ Otterson, Joe (22 May 2018). "'Krypton' Renewed for Season 2 at Syfy". Variety. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
External links
- Supermanica: Krypton Supermanica entry on the pre-Crisis Krypton.
- Superman Shield Evolution with picture