Kullervo Manner

**Kullervo Manner**
Kullervo Manner
Chairman of the Finnish People's Delegation of the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
	In office; 29 January 1918 – 25 April 1918
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Speaker of the Parliament
	In office; 4 April 1917 – 31 October 1917
Preceded by	Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
Succeeded by	Johannes Lundson
Leader of the Finnish Communist Party
	In office; 1920–1935
Preceded by	Yrjö Sirola
Succeeded by	Hannes Mäkinen
Leader of the Finnish Social Democratic Party
	In office; 1917–1918
Preceded by	Matti Paasivuori
Succeeded by	Väinö Tanner
Personal details
Born	Kullervo Achilles Manner; 12 October 1880; Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Political party	SDP ; SKP
Spouse	Olga Arjanne

Kullervo Achilles Manner (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkulːerʋo ˈmɑnːer], Russian Куллерво Густавович Маннер, Kullervo Gustavovich Manner; 12 October 1880 – 15 January 1939) was a Finnish and Soviet politician and one of the leaders of the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic.

Manner was a member of the Finnish parliament, serving as its Speaker in 1917. He was also chairman of the

Finnish Communist Party. It is said if the Red Guards had won the Civil War, Manner might have risen to the position of the "Leader of the Red Finland".^[2]^[3]^[4]

Early life

Manner was born a minister's son in

Kymi provinces from the 1920s to the 1950s.^[1]

Manner married Olga Arjanne (Seger until 1906) on 26 October 1908, at the local register office of Porvoo. From 1906 they worked at the same time in the Työläinen's editorial office and lived in the house where the editorial office was located.[1]

Civil War

On 28 January 1918, during the

White Guards led by General Mannerheim and the Senate had control of northern Finland.^[7]

In the USSR

After the Civil War, Manner fled to

Comintern. In the 1930s, Manner and his wife Hanna Malm fell out of favor with Otto Wille Kuusinen

. Manner was dismissed from most of his duties in May 1934. He continued to work as a Comintern rapporteur on Latin American affairs until July 1935.

Imprisonment and death

In 1935, Manner was arrested and sentenced to ten years hard labor. Manner was taken to a Gulag labor camp in Ukhta-Pechora in Komi Republic, where he died on 15 January 1939. The official cause of death was tuberculosis. According to professor of history Alexander Popov, the real cause of death could be attributed to radiation sickness, which Manner could have received, since he worked with water containing radium.^[8]

Rehabilitation

Manner was rehabilitated in 1962.

Political and military offices

Political offices
Preceded by Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg	Speaker of the Parliament of Finland 1917	Succeeded by Johannes Lundson
Preceded by –	Chairman of the Finnish People's Delegation 1918	Succeeded by –
Military offices
Preceded by Evert Eloranta Eino Rahja Adolf Taimi	Commander-in-chief of the Red Guards 10 April 1918 – 25 April 1918	Succeeded by –