Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences | |
---|---|
Awarded for | Global achievement in Basic Sciences |
Country | Japan |
Presented by | Inamori Foundation |
First awarded | 1985 |
Website | www.kyotoprize.org |
The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences is awarded once a year by the
Claude Elwood Shannon, the “Establishment of Mathematical Foundation of Information Theory”.[1] The Prize is regarded as a prestigious award available in fields which are traditionally not honored with a Nobel Prize.[2]
Fields
The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences is awarded on a rotating basis to researchers in the following four fields:
- Mathematical sciences (including pure mathematics)
- environment)
- Earth and planetary sciences, astronomy and astrophysics
- neurobiology)
Laureates
Source: Kyoto Prize
Biological sciences
Year | Laureate | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | – | George Evelyn Hutchinson
|
United States | 1903–1991 | Outstanding Contribution to Limnology and Community Ecology by Integrative Ecological Niche Theory[3] |
1990 | Jane Goodall | United Kingdom | born 1934 | Long-Term Study of Behavior, Sociology, and Ecology of Chimpanzees in the Wild[4] | |
1993 | – | William Donald Hamilton
|
United Kingdom | 1936–2000 | Proposal of Inclusive Fitness and the Establishment of Evolutionary Theory of Sociality and Cooperation[5] |
1997 | Daniel Hunt Janzen
|
United States | born 1939 | Pioneering Study of Biodiversity in Tropics and Its Maintenance Mechanisms[6] | |
2001 | John Maynard Smith | United Kingdom | 1920–2004 | Contribution to Evolutionary Biology by Proposing the Idea of the Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS)[7] | |
2005 | Simon Asher Levin
|
United States | born 1941 | Establishment of the field of spatial ecology and the proposition of the biosphere as a "complex adaptive system"[8] | |
2009 | Barbara Rosemary Grant
|
United Kingdom | born 1936 | Demonstrating Rapid Evolution Caused by Natural Selection in Response to Environmental Changes[9][10] | |
Peter Raymond Grant
|
United Kingdom | born 1936 | |||
2013 | Masatoshi Nei | United States | born 1931 | Research on the Evolution of Biological Populations Using Quantitative Analyses of Genetic Variation and Evolutionary Time[11] | |
2017 | Graham Farquhar | Australia | born 1947 | Development of Process-based Models of Photosynthesis and Their Contributions to the Science of Global Environmental Changes[12] | |
2022 | Bryan Grenfell | United States | born 1954 | Development of an Innovative Methodology for Integrative Analysis of Pathogen Evolution and Epidemics.[13] |
Mathematical sciences
Year | Laureate | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1985 | Claude Elwood Shannon
|
United States | 1916–2001 | Establishment of Mathematical Foundation of Information Theory[14] | |
1989 | Izrail Moiseevich Gelfand
|
Soviet Union | 1913–2009 | Outstanding Contribution to Many Fields of Mathematical Sciences, Especially Pioneering Studies in Functional Analysis[15] | |
1994 | André Weil | France | 1906–1998 | Broad Contribution to the Modern Mathematics, Especially through the Foundational Works in Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory[16] | |
1998 | Kiyoshi Itō
|
Japan | 1915–2008 | Fundamental Contribution to the Stochastic Analysis, through His Invention of Stochastic Differential Equations, Which Have Been Applied in Various Sciences[17] | |
2002 | Mikhail Gromov
|
France | born 1943 | Contributions through dramatic developments in a range of mathematical fields by introducing the innovative method of a metric structure for families of various geometrical objects[18] | |
2006 | Hirotsugu Akaike
|
Japan | 1927–2009 | Major contribution to statistical science and modeling with the development of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)[19] | |
2010 | László Lovász | Hungary | born 1948 | Outstanding Contributions to Mathematical Sciences Based on Discrete Optimization Algorithms[20] | |
2014 | Edward Witten | United States | born 1951 | Outstanding Contributions to the Development of Mathematical Sciences through the Exploration of Superstring Theory[21] | |
2018 | Masaki Kashiwara | Japan | born 1947 | Outstanding Contributions to a Broad Spectrum of Modern Mathematics: Advancement of D-module Theory from Its Foundation[22] | |
2023 | Elliott H. Lieb | United States | born 1932 | Pioneering Mathematical Research in Physics, Chemistry, and Quantum Information Science Based on Many-Body Physics[23] |
Earth and planetary sciences, astronomy and astrophysics
Year | Laureate | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | Jan Hendrik Oort
|
Netherlands | 1900–1992 | Outstanding Contribution to Astronomy by the Elucidation of Structure and Dynamics of the Galaxy[24] | |
1991 | Edward Norton Lorenz | United States | 1917–2008 | Outstanding Contribution to Earth Science and Mathematical Science by the Development of Theoretical Basis of Numerical Study in Meteorology and the Discovery of Deterministic Chaos[25] | |
1995 | Chūshirō Hayashi
|
Japan | 1920–2010 | Outstanding Contribution to Astrophysics through the Theoretical Studies of the Stellar Formation and Evolution and the Formation of Solar System[26] | |
1999 | Walter Heinrich Munk
|
United States | 1917–2019 | Outstanding Contribution to the Earth Science by the Elucidation of Dynamical Mechanism of Ocean and Its Waves[27] | |
2003 | Eugene Newman Parker
|
United States | 1927–2022 | Contributions to Astrophysics through the Elucidation of the Solar Wind and Cosmical Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena[28] | |
2007 | Hiroo Kanamori | Japan | born 1936 | Elucidation of Physical Processes of Earthquakes and Its Application to Hazard Mitigation[29] | |
2011 | Rashid Alievich Sunyaev
|
born 1943 | Proposal of the Theory of Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation to Explore the Expanding Universe, and Outstanding Contribution to High-Energy Astronomy[30] | ||
2015 | Michel Mayor | Switzerland | born 1942 | Outstanding Contributions in Evolving a New Vision of the Universe through the Discovery of Extrasolar Planet[31] | |
2019 | James E. Gunn
|
United States | born 1938 | Outstanding Contributions to the Elucidation of Cosmic History Based on a Large-Scale Wide-Field Observation.[32] |
Life sciences
Year | Laureate | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992 | Yasutomi Nishizuka | Japan | 1932–2004 | Elucidation of Intracellular Signal Transduction System through the Discovery and Functional Analysis of the Protein Kinase C[33] | |
1996 | Mario Renato Capecchi
|
United States | born 1937 | Production of Knockout Mice through the Development of Gene Targeting Technique and Outstanding Contribution to Elucidation of Gene Function[34] | |
2000 | Walter Jakob Gehring | Switzerland | born 1939 | Discovery of Conserved Developmental Mechanisms[35] | |
2004 | Alfred G. Knudson | United States | 1922–2016 | Seminal contribution to the establishment of the theory of the tumor suppressor gene in the mechanism of human carcinogenesis[36] | |
2008 | Anthony James Pawson
|
1952–2013 | Proposing and Proving the Concept of Adapter Molecules in the Signal Transduction[37] | ||
2012 | Yoshinori Ohsumi | Japan | born 1945 | Outstanding Contribution to Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of Autophagy, a Cellular Adaptive System to Environment[38] | |
2016 | Tasuku Honjo | Japan | born 1942 | Discovery of the Mechanism Responsible for the Functional Diversification of Antibodies, Immunoregulatory Molecules and Clinical Applications of PD-1[39] | |
2020 | No award because of COVID-19 pandemic | ||||
2021 | Robert G. Roeder | United States | born 1942 | Discovery of the Principle of Gene Transcription Mechanisms in Eukaryotes[40] |
Cognitive science
Year | Laureate | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | Avram Noam Chomsky | United States | born 1928 | Creation of the Theory of Generative Grammar and Substantial Contribution to the Formation and Development of Cognitive Science[41] |
See also
- Kyoto Prize
- Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology
- Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
- List of Kyoto Prize winners
- List of astronomy awards
- List of biology awards
- List of mathematics awards
References
- ^ "Claude Elwood Shannon". Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ "Kyoto Prize honors achievement and character". USA Today. 11 November 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ "George Evelyn Hutchinson". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Jane Goodall". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "William Donald Hamilton". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "George Evelyn Hutchinson". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "John Maynard Smith". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Simon Asher Levin". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Barbara Rosemary Grant". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Peter Raymond Grant". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Masatoshi Nei". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ Graham Farquhar 2017
- ^ Bryan T. Grenfell 2022
- ^ "Claude Elwood Shannon". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Izrail Moiseevich Gelfand". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "André Weil". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Kiyosi Itô". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Mikhael Leonidovich Gromov". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Hirotugu Akaike". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "László Lovász". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Edward Witten". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Masaki Kashiwara". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
- ^ "Elliott H. Lieb". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2023-06-16.
- ^ "Jan Hendrik Oort". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Edward Norton Lorenz". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Chushiro Hayashi". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Walter H. Munk". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Eugene Newman Parker". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Hiroo Kanamori". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Rashid Alievich Sunyaev". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Michel Mayor". Inamori Foundation. Archived from the original on 2016-08-23. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ James E. Gunn 2019
- ^ "Yasutomi Nishizuka". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Mario Renato Capecchi". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Walter Jakob Gehring". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Alfred George Knudson, Jr". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Anthony James Pawson". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Yoshinori Ohsumi". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Tasuku Honjo". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- ^ "Robert G. Roeder". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ^ "Avram Noam Chomsky". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2016-10-15.